In the nature of a substitute.

SA 4620. Mr. LEVIN (for Mr. Durbin) proposed an amendment to the bill
S. 624, to provide 100,000,000 people with first-time access to safe
drinking water and sanitation on a sustainable basis by 2015 by
improving the capacity of the United States Government to fully
implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005; as
follows:

       In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted, insert the
     following:

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Senator Paul Simon Water for
     the World Act of 2010''.

     SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

       Congress finds the following:
       (1) The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005
     (Public Law 109-121)--
       (A) makes access to safe water and sanitation for
     developing countries a specific policy objective of United
     States foreign assistance programs;
       (B) requires the Secretary of State to--
       (i) develop a strategy to elevate the role of water and
     sanitation policy; and
       (ii) improve the effectiveness of United States assistance
     programs undertaken in support of that strategy;
       (C) codifies Target 10 of the United Nations Millennium
     Development Goals; and
       (D) seeks to reduce by half between 1990 (the baseline
     year) and 2015--
       (i) the proportion of people who are unable to reach or
     afford safe drinking water; and
       (ii) the proportion of people without access to basic
     sanitation.
       (2) On December 20, 2006, the United Nations General
     Assembly, in GA Resolution 61/192, declared 2008 as the
     International Year of Sanitation, in recognition of the
     impact of sanitation on public health, poverty reduction,
     economic and social development, and the environment.
       (3) On August 1, 2008, Congress passed H. Con. Res. 318,
     which--
       (A) supports the goals and ideals of the International Year
     of Sanitation; and
       (B) recognizes the importance of sanitation on public
     health, poverty reduction, economic and social development,
     and the environment.
       (4) While progress is being made on safe water and
     sanitation efforts--
       (A) more than 884,000,000 people throughout the world lack
     access to safe drinking water; and
       (B) 2 of every 5 people in the world do not have access to
     basic sanitation services.
       (5) The health consequences of unsafe drinking water and
     poor sanitation are significant, accounting for--
       (A) nearly 10 percent of the global burden of disease; and
       (B) more than 2,000,000 deaths each year.
       (6) Water scarcity has negative consequences for
     agricultural productivity and food security for the
     1,200,000,000 people who, as of 2010, suffer from chronic
     hunger and seriously threatens the ability of the world to
     more than double food production to meet the demands of a
     projected population of 9,000,000,000 people by 2050.
       (7) According to the November 2008 report entitled,
     ``Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World'', the National
     Intelligence Council expects rapid urbanization and future
     population growth to exacerbate already limited access to
     water, particularly in agriculture-based economies.
       (8) According to the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,
     commissioned by the United Nations, more than \1/5\ of the
     world population relies on freshwater that is either polluted
     or excessively withdrawn.
       (9) The impact of water scarcity on conflict and
     instability is evident in many parts of the world, including
     the Darfur region of Sudan, where demand for water resources
     has contributed to armed conflict between nomadic ethnic
     groups and local farming communities.
       (10) In order to further the United States contribution to
     safe water and sanitation efforts, it is necessary to--
       (A) expand foreign assistance capacity to address the
     challenges described in this section; and
       (B) represent issues related to water and sanitation at the
     highest levels of United States foreign assistance and
     diplomatic deliberations, including those related to issues
     of global health, food security, the environment, global
     warming, and maternal and child mortality.

     SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

       It is the sense of Congress that the United States should
     help undertake a global effort to bring sustainable access to
     clean water and sanitation to poor people throughout the
     world.

     SEC. 4. PURPOSE.

       The purpose of this Act is--
       (1) to enable first-time access to safe water and
     sanitation, on a sustainable basis, for 100,000,000 people in
     high priority countries (as designated under section 6(f) of
     the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (22
     U.S.C. 2152h note) within 6 years of the date of enactment of
     this Act through direct funding, development activities, and
     partnerships; and
       (2) to enhance the capacity of the United States Government
     to fully implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor
     Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121).

     SEC. 5. DEVELOPING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CAPACITY.

       Section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
     U.S.C. 2152h) is amended by adding at the end the following:
       ``(e) Senior Advisor for Water.--
       ``(1) In general.--To carry out the purposes of subsection
     (a), the Administrator of the United States Agency for
     International Development shall designate a senior advisor to
     coordinate and conduct the activities described in this
     section and the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of
     2005 (Public Law 109-121). The Advisor shall report directly
     to the Administrator and be known as the `Senior Advisor for
     Water'. The initial Senior Advisor for Water shall be the
     individual serving as Water Team Leader as of the date of the
     enactment of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act
     of 2010.
       ``(2) Duties.--The Advisor shall--
       ``(A) implement this section and the Senator Paul Simon
     Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121);
       ``(B) develop and oversee implementation in high priority
     countries of country-specific water strategies and expertise,
     in coordination with appropriate United States Agency for
     International Development Mission Directors, to enable the
     goal of providing 100,000,000 additional people with
     sustainable access to safe water and sanitation through
     direct funding, development activities, and partnerships
     within 6 years of the date of the enactment of the Senator
     Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2010; and
       ``(C) place primary emphasis on providing safe, affordable,
     and sustainable drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in a
     manner that--
       ``(i) is consistent with sound water resource management
     principles; and
       ``(ii) utilizes such approaches as direct service
     provision, capacity building, institutional strengthening,
     regulatory reform, and partnership collaboration; and

[[Page S7219]]

       ``(D) integrate water strategies with country-specific or
     regional food security strategies.
       ``(3) Capacity.--The Advisor shall be designated
     appropriate staff and may utilize interagency details or
     partnerships with universities, civil society, and the
     private sector, as needed, to strengthen implementation
     capacity.
       ``(f) Special Coordinator for International Water.--
       ``(1) Establishment.--To increase the capacity of the
     Department of State to address international issues regarding
     safe water, sanitation, integrated river basin management,
     and other international water programs, the Secretary of
     State shall establish a Special Coordinator for International
     Water (referred to in this subsection as the `Special
     Coordinator'), who shall report to the Under Secretary for
     Democracy and Global Affairs. The initial Special Coordinator
     shall be the individual serving as Special Coordinator for
     Water Resources as of the date of the enactment of the
     Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2010.
       ``(2) Duties.--The Special Coordinator shall--
       ``(A) oversee and coordinate the diplomatic policy of the
     United States Government with respect to global freshwater
     issues, including interagency coordination related to--
       ``(i) sustainable access to safe drinking water,
     sanitation, and hygiene;
       ``(ii) integrated river basin and watershed management;
       ``(iii) global food security;
       ``(iv) transboundary conflict;
       ``(v) agricultural and urban productivity of water
     resources;
       ``(vi) disaster recovery, response, and rebuilding,
       ``(vii) pollution mitigation; and
       ``(viii) adaptation to hydrologic change due to climate
     variability; and
       ``(B) ensure that international freshwater issues are
     represented--
       ``(i) within the United States Government; and
       ``(ii) in key diplomatic, development, and scientific
     efforts with other nations and multilateral organizations.
       ``(3) Support staff.--The Special Coordinator shall be
     designated appropriate staff to support the duties described
     in paragraph (2).''.

     SEC. 6. SAFE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE STRATEGY.

       Section 6 of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act
     of 2005 (22 U.S.C. 2152h note) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the following:
     ``The Coordinator shall take actions to ensure that the safe
     water and sanitation strategy is integrated into any review
     or development of a Federal strategy for global development,
     global health, or global food security that sets forth or
     establishes the United States mission for global development,
     guidelines for assistance programs, and how development
     policy will be coordinated with policies governing trade,
     immigration, and other relevant international issues.'';
       (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
     ``In developing the program activities needed to implement
     the strategy, the Secretary shall consider the results of the
     assessment described in subsection (e)(9).''; and
       (3) in subsection (e)--
       (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
       (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and
     inserting a semicolon; and
       (C) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(7) an assessment of all United States Government foreign
     assistance allocated to the drinking water and sanitation
     sector during the 3 previous fiscal years, across all United
     States Government agencies and programs, including an
     assessment of the extent to which the United States
     Government's efforts are reaching and supporting the goal of
     enabling first-time access to safe water and sanitation on a
     sustainable basis for 100,000,000 people in high priority
     countries;
       ``(8) recommendations on what the United States Government
     would need to do to achieve and support the goals referred to
     in paragraph (7), in support of the United Nation's
     Millennium Development Goal on access to safe drinking water;
     and
       ``(9) an assessment of best practices for mobilizing and
     leveraging the financial and technical capacity of business,
     governments, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society
     in forming public-private partnerships that measurably
     increase access to safe, affordable, drinking water and
     sanitation.''.

     SEC. 7. DEVELOPING LOCAL CAPACITY.

       The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005
     (Public Law 109-121) is amended--
       (1) by redesignating sections 9, 10, and 11 as sections 10,
     11, and 12, respectively; and
       (2) by inserting after section 8 the following:

     ``SEC. 9. WATER AND SANITATION INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY-
                   BUILDING PROGRAM.

       ``(a) Establishment.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of State and the
     Administrator of the United States Agency for International
     Development (referred to in this section as the `Secretary'
     and the `Administrator', respectively), in consultation with
     host country institutions, the Centers for Disease Control
     and Prevention, the Department of Agriculture, and other
     agencies, as appropriate, shall establish, in coordination
     with mission directors in high priority countries, a program
     to build the capacity of host country institutions and
     officials responsible for water and sanitation in countries
     that receive assistance under section 135 of the Foreign
     Assistance Act of 1961, including training at appropriate
     levels, to--
       ``(A) provide affordable, equitable, and sustainable access
     to safe drinking water and sanitation;
       ``(B) educate the populations of such countries about the
     dangers of unsafe drinking water and lack of proper
     sanitation; and
       ``(C) encourage behavior change to reduce individuals' risk
     of disease from unsafe drinking water and lack of proper
     sanitation and hygiene.
       ``(2) Expansion.--The Secretary and the Administrator may
     establish the program described in this section in additional
     countries if the receipt of such capacity building would be
     beneficial for promoting access to safe drinking water and
     sanitation, with due consideration given to good governance.
       ``(3) Capacity.--The Secretary and the Administrator--
       ``(A) should designate appropriate staff with relevant
     expertise to carry out the strategy developed under section
     6; and
       ``(B) may utilize, as needed, interagency details or
     partnerships with universities, civil society, and the
     private sector to strengthen implementation capacity.
       ``(b) Designation.--The United States Agency for
     International Development Mission Director for each country
     receiving a `high priority' designation under section 6(f)
     and for each region containing a country receiving such
     designation shall report annually to Congress on the status
     of--
       ``(1) designating safe drinking water and sanitation as a
     strategic objective;
       ``(2) integrating the water strategy into a food security
     strategy;
       ``(3) assigning an employee of the United States Agency for
     International Development as in-country water and sanitation
     manager to coordinate the in-country implementation of this
     Act and section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
     U.S.C. 2152h) with host country officials at various levels
     of government responsible for water and sanitation, the
     Department of State, and other relevant United States
     Government agencies; and
       ``(4) coordinating with the Development Credit Authority
     and the Global Development Alliance to further the purposes
     of this Act.''.

     SEC. 8. OTHER ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.

       In addition to the requirements of section 135(c) of the
     Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2152h(c)) the Administrator
     should--
       (1) foster global cooperation on research and technology
     development, including regional partnerships among water
     experts to address safe drinking water, sanitation, water
     resource management, and other water-related issues;
       (2) establish regional and cross-border cooperative
     activities between scientists and specialists that work to
     share technologies and best practices, mitigate shared water
     challenges, foster international cooperation, and defuse
     cross-border tensions;
       (3) provide grants through the United States Agency for
     International Development to foster the development,
     dissemination, and increased and consistent use of low cost
     and sustainable technologies, such as household water
     treatment, hand washing stations, and latrines, for providing
     safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene that are
     suitable for use in high priority countries, particularly in
     places with limited resources and infrastructure;
       (4) in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control
     and Prevention, Department of Agriculture, the Environmental
     Protection Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
     Administration, and other agencies, as appropriate, conduct
     formative and operational research and monitor and evaluate
     the effectiveness of programs that provide safe drinking
     water and sanitation; and
       (5) integrate efforts to promote safe drinking water,
     sanitation and hygiene with existing foreign assistance
     programs, as appropriate, including activities focused on
     food security, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, maternal and
     child health, food security, and nutritional support.

     SEC. 9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION.

       (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress
     that--
       (1) achieving United States foreign policy objectives
     requires the consistent and systematic evaluation of the
     impact of United States foreign assistance programs and
     analysis on what programs work and why, when, and where they
     work;
       (2) the design of assistance programs and projects should
     include the collection of relevant baseline data required to
     measure outcomes and impacts;
       (3) the design of assistance programs and projects should
     reflect the knowledge gained from evaluation and analysis;
       (4) a culture and practice of high quality evaluation
     should be revitalized at agencies managing foreign assistance
     programs, which requires that the concepts of evaluation and
     analysis are used to inform policy and programmatic
     decisions, including the training of aid professionals in
     evaluation design and implementation;
       (5) the effective and efficient use of funds cannot be
     achieved without an understanding of how lessons learned are
     applicable in various environments and under similar or
     different conditions; and

[[Page S7220]]

       (6) project evaluations should be used as sources of data
     when running broader analyses of development outcomes and
     impacts.
       (b) Coordination and Integration.--To the extent possible,
     the Administrator shall coordinate and integrate evaluation
     of United States water programs with the learning,
     evaluation, and analysis efforts of the United States Agency
     for International Development aimed at measuring development
     impact.

     SEC. 10. UPDATED REPORT REGARDING WATER FOR PEACE AND
                   SECURITY.

       Section 11(b) of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor
     Act of 2005, as redesignated by section 7, is amended by
     adding at the end the following: ``The report submitted under
     this subsection shall include an assessment of current and
     likely future political tensions over water sources and
     multidisciplinary assessment of the expected impacts of
     changes to water supplies and agricultural productivity in
     10, 25, and 50 years.''.

     SEC. 11. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT ON EFFECTIVENESS AND
                   EFFICIENCY OF UNITED STATES EFFORTS TO PROVIDE
                   SAFE WATER AND SANITATION FOR DEVELOPING
                   COUNTRIES.

       (a) Report Required.--Not later than one year after the
     date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of
     the United States shall submit to the Committee on Foreign
     Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
     Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on the effectiveness
     and efficiency of United States efforts to provide safe water
     and sanitation for developing countries.
       (b) Elements.--In preparing the report required by
     subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall, at a minimum--
       (1) identify all programs (and respective Federal agencies)
     in the Federal Government that perform the mission of
     providing safe water and sanitation for developing countries,
     including capacity-building, professional exchanges, and
     other related programs;
       (2) list the actual costs for the implementation,
     operation, and support of the individual programs;
       (3) assess the effectiveness of these programs in meeting
     their goals;
       (4) assess the efficiency of these programs compared to
     each other and to programs to provide similar aid performed
     by nongovernmental organizations and other governments, and
     identify best practices from this assessment;
       (5) identify and assess programs that are duplicative of
     each other or of efforts by nongovernmental organizations and
     other governments;
       (6) assess whether appropriate oversight of these programs
     is being conducted by Federal agencies, especially in the
     programs in which Federal agencies are utilizing contractors
     instead of government employees to perform this mission; and
       (7) make such recommendations as the Comptroller General
     considers appropriate.
                                 ______