S.Amdt. 6314
What it does: Adds Subtitle G--Black Sea Security SEC. 1281. SHORT TITLE at the end of title XII
Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)What it changes
1 change to S.Amdt. 5499 · shown in S.Amdt. 5499's text
Adds Subtitle G--Black Sea Security SEC. 1281. SHORT TITLE at the end of title XII
Adds a sectionIn S.Amdt. 5499 as proposed
(2) Form of report.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
Inserted: Subtitle G--Black Sea Security SEC. 1281. SHORT TITLE.
Inserted: This subtitle may be cited as the "Black Sea Security Act of 2022".
Inserted: SEC. 1282. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON BLACK SEA SECURITY.
Inserted: (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
Inserted: (1) it is in the interest of the United States to prevent the spread of further armed conflict in Europe by recognizing the Black Sea region as an arena of Russian aggression;
Inserted: (2) littoral states of the Black Sea are critical in countering aggression by the Government of the Russian Federation and contributing to the collective security of NATO;
Inserted: (3) the repeated, illegal, unprovoked, and violent attempts of the Russian Federation to expand its territory and control access to the Mediterranean through the Black Sea constitutes a threat to the national security of the United States and NATO;
Inserted: (4) the United States condemns attempts by the Russian Federation to change or alter boundaries in the Black Sea region by force or any means contrary to international law and to impose a sphere of influence across the region;
Inserted: (5) the United States and its allies should robustly counter Russia's purported territorial claims on the Crimean Peninsula, along Ukraine's territorial waters in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, in the Black Sea's international waters, and in the territories it is illegally occupying in Ukraine;
Inserted: (6) the United States should continue to work within NATO and with NATO Allies to develop a long-term strategy to enhance security, establish a permanent, sustainable presence in the eastern flank, and bolster the democratic resilience of its allies and partners in the region;
Inserted: (7) the United States should also work with the European Union in coordinating a strategy to support democratic initiatives and economic prosperity in the region, which includes two European Union members and four European Union aspirant nations;
Inserted: (8) the United States should explore efforts to rebuild trust and bilateral relations with Turkey, a key NATO Ally in the Black Sea region and a bulwark against Iran;
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Inserted: (9) it is in the interest of the United States that NATO adopt a robust strategy toward the Black Sea, including by working with interested partner countries in the region to advance common security objectives;
Inserted: (10) the United States should work to foster dialogue among countries within the Black Sea region to improve communication and intelligence sharing and increase cyber defense capabilities;
Inserted: (11) countries with historic and economic ties to Russia are looking to the United States and Europe to provide a positive economic presence in the broader region as a counterbalance to the Russian Federation's malign influence in the region;
Inserted: (12) it is in the interest of the United States to support and bolster the economic ties between the United States and Black Sea partners;
Inserted: (13) the United States should support the initiative undertaken by central and eastern European states to advance the Three Seas Initiative Fund to strengthen transport, energy, and digital infrastructure connectivity in the region between the Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea;
Inserted: (14) there are mutually beneficial opportunities for increased investment and economic expansion, particularly on energy, climate, and transport infrastructure initiatives, between the United States and Black Sea states and the broader region;
Inserted: (15) improved economic ties between the United States and the Black Sea states and the broader region can lead to a strengthened strategic partnership;
Inserted: (16) the United States must seek to address the food security challenges arising from closure of Ukraine's Black Sea ports, as this global challenge will have critical national security implications for the United States, our partners, and allies;
Inserted: (17) Russia has a brutal history of using hunger as a weapon and must be stopped; and
Inserted: (18) countering the PRC's coercive economic pursuits remains an important policy imperative in order to further integrate the Black Sea countries into western economies and improve regional stability.
Inserted: SEC. 1283. UNITED STATES POLICY.
Inserted: It is the policy of the United States to--
Inserted: (1) actively deter the threat of Russia's further escalation in the Black Sea region and defend freedom of navigation in the Black Sea to prevent the spread of further armed conflict in Europe;
Inserted: (2) advocate within NATO, among NATO Allies, and within the European Union to develop a long-term coordinated strategy to enhance security, establish a permanent, sustainable presence in the eastern flank, and bolster the democratic resilience of United States allies and partners in the region;
Inserted: (3) support and bolster the economic ties between the United States and Black Sea partners and mobilize the Department of State and other relevant Federal departments and agencies by enhancing the United States presence and investment in Black Sea countries;
Inserted: (4) provide economic alternatives to the PRC's coercive economic options that destabilize and further erode economic integration of the Black Sea littoral states;
Inserted: (5) ensure that the United States continues to support Black Sea countries to strengthen their democratic institutions to prevent corruption and accelerate their advancement into the Euroatlantic community; and
Inserted: (6) encourage the initiative undertaken by central and eastern European states to advance the Three Seas Initiative to strengthen transport, energy, and digital infrastructure connectivity in the region between the Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea.
Inserted: SEC. 1284. BLACK SEA SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY.
Inserted: (a) Black Sea Development and Security Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the National Security Council, in coordination with the Department of State and other relevant Federal departments and agencies, is authorized to direct an interagency strategy to increase military assistance and coordination with NATO and the European Union, deepen economic ties, strengthen economic and energy security and enhance security assistance with Black Sea countries, and support efforts to bolster their democratic resilience.
Inserted: (b) Purpose and Objectives.--The initiative established under subsection (a) shall have the following goals and objectives:
Inserted: (1) Ensuring the efficient and effective delivery of security assistance to Black Sea states, prioritizing assistance that will bolster defenses against hybrid warfare and improve interoperability with NATO forces.
Inserted: (2) Bolstering United States support for the region's energy security and integration with Europe and reducing their dependence on Russia while supporting energy diversification.
Inserted: (3) Mitigating the impact of economic coercion by the Russian Federation and the PRC on Black Sea states and identifying new opportunities for foreign direct investment from the United States and cooperating countries and the enhancement of United States business ties.
Inserted: (4) Increasing high-level engagement between the United States and the Black Sea states, and reinforcing economic growth, financing quality infrastructure, and reinforcing trade with a focus on improving high-level economic cooperation.
Inserted: (5) Increasing United States coordination with the European Union and NATO to maximize effectiveness and minimize duplication.
Inserted: (c) Activities.--
Inserted: (1) Security.--The strategy established under subsection (a) shall include the following elements related to security:
Inserted: (A) A plan to increase interagency coordination on the Black Sea region.
Inserted: (B) A strategy for--
Inserted: (i) the United States to increase NATO's presence and capabilities in the Black Sea region, including land, sea, and air forces; or
Inserted: (ii) a United States-led initiative with NATO member states to increase coordination, presence, and regional engagement among Black Sea countries.
Inserted: (C) A strategy to increase military assistance toward Black Sea countries, particularly Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Georgia.
Inserted: (D) Prioritization of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems to monitor Russia's operations in the Black Sea region, as well as upgrading from air policing to air defense missions.
Inserted: (E) An assessment of the value of establishing a joint, multinational three-star headquarters on the Black Sea, responsible for planning, readiness, exercises, and coordination of all Allied and partner military activity in the greater Black Sea region.
Inserted: (F) An overview of Foreign Military Financing, International Military Education and Training, and other United States security assistance to the region.
Inserted: (G) A plan for communicating the changes to NATO posture to the public in allied and partner countries, as well as in the Russian Federation and Belarus.
Inserted: (H) A plan for combating Russian disinformation and propaganda in the Black Sea region, utilizing the resources of the United States Government, including the Global Engagement Center.
Inserted: (I) A plan to promote greater freedom of navigation, working primarily with Turkey, Ukraine, Romania, and Bulgaria to allow for greater security and economic Black Sea access.
Inserted: (2) Economic prosperity.--The strategy established under subsection (a) shall include the following elements related to economic prosperity:
Inserted: (A) A strategy to foster dialogue between experts from the United States and from the Black Sea states on economic expansion, foreign direct investment, strengthening rule of law initiatives, and mitigating economic coercion by Russia and the PRC.
Inserted: (B) A strategy for all the relevant Federal departments and agencies that contribute to United States economic statecraft to expand their presence and identify new opportunities for private investment in Black Sea states.
Inserted: (C) Assessments on energy diversification, focusing on the immediate need to replace energy supplies from Russia, and recognize the long-term importance of broader energy diversification, including clean energy initiatives.
Inserted: (D) Assessments of potential food security solutions.
Inserted: (3) Democratic resilience.--The strategy established under subsection (a) shall include the following elements related to democratic resilience:
Inserted: (A) A strategy to increase independent media and United States-supported media initiatives to combat foreign malign influence in the Black Sea region.
Inserted: (B) Greater mobilization of initiatives spearheaded by the Global Engagement Center and the United States Agency for International Development to counter Russian propaganda and disinformation in the Black Sea region.
Inserted: (4) Regional connectivity.--The strategy established under subsection (a) shall promote regional connectivity by sending high-level representatives of the Department of State or other agency partners to--
Inserted: (A) the Black Sea region not less frequently than twice a year; and
Inserted: (B) major regional fora on infrastructure and energy security, including the Three Seas Initiative Summit.
Inserted: (d) Identification of Necessary Programs and Resources.--No later than 360 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the interagency shall identify any necessary program, policy, or budgetary resources required, by agency, to support implementation of the Black Sea Security Strategy for fiscal years 2024, 2025, and 2026.
Inserted: (e) Responsibilities of Federal Departments and Agencies.--Nothing under this section shall be deemed to authorize the National Security Council to assume any of the responsibilities or authorities of the head of any Federal department, agency, or office, including the foreign affairs responsibilities and authorities of the Secretary of State, to oversee the implementation of programs and policies under this section.
Inserted: SEC. 1285. DEFINITIONS.
Inserted: In this subtitle:
Inserted: (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term "appropriate congressional committees" means--
Inserted: (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
Inserted: (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
Inserted: (2) Black sea states.--The term "Black Sea states" means Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine, and Georgia.
Inserted: (3) Three seas initiative investment fund countries.-- The term "Three Seas Initiative Investment Fund countries" means Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Austria, Croatia, Romania, and Bulgaria.
Original wording
At the end of title XII, add the following:
Read automatically from the Congressional Record. Check the original before relying on it.
As printed
SA 6314. Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself, Mr. Romney, Mr. Wicker, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Cornyn, Mr. Tillis, Mr. Durbin, Mr. King, Mr. Cardin, Mr. Portman, and Mr. Coons) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed to amendment SA 5499 submitted by Mr. Reed (for himself and Mr. Inhofe) and intended to be proposed to the bill H.R. 7900, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2023 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
At the end of title XII, add the following:
Subtitle G--Black Sea Security SEC. 1281. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the “Black Sea Security Act of 2022”.
SEC. 1282. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON BLACK SEA SECURITY.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) it is in the interest of the United States to prevent the spread of further armed conflict in Europe by recognizing the Black Sea region as an arena of Russian aggression;
(2) littoral states of the Black Sea are critical in countering aggression by the Government of the Russian Federation and contributing to the collective security of NATO;
(3) the repeated, illegal, unprovoked, and violent attempts of the Russian Federation to expand its territory and control access to the Mediterranean through the Black Sea constitutes a threat to the national security of the United States and NATO;
(4) the United States condemns attempts by the Russian Federation to change or alter boundaries in the Black Sea region by force or any means contrary to international law and to impose a sphere of influence across the region;
(5) the United States and its allies should robustly counter Russia's purported territorial claims on the Crimean Peninsula, along Ukraine's territorial waters in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, in the Black Sea's international waters, and in the territories it is illegally occupying in Ukraine;
(6) the United States should continue to work within NATO and with NATO Allies to develop a long-term strategy to enhance security, establish a permanent, sustainable presence in the eastern flank, and bolster the democratic resilience of its allies and partners in the region;
(7) the United States should also work with the European Union in coordinating a strategy to support democratic initiatives and economic prosperity in the region, which includes two European Union members and four European Union aspirant nations;
(8) the United States should explore efforts to rebuild trust and bilateral relations with Turkey, a key NATO Ally in the Black Sea region and a bulwark against Iran;
(9) it is in the interest of the United States that NATO adopt a robust strategy toward the Black Sea, including by working with interested partner countries in the region to advance common security objectives;
(10) the United States should work to foster dialogue among countries within the Black Sea region to improve communication and intelligence sharing and increase cyber defense capabilities;
(11) countries with historic and economic ties to Russia are looking to the United States and Europe to provide a positive economic presence in the broader region as a counterbalance to the Russian Federation's malign influence in the region;
(12) it is in the interest of the United States to support and bolster the economic ties between the United States and Black Sea partners;
(13) the United States should support the initiative undertaken by central and eastern European states to advance the Three Seas Initiative Fund to strengthen transport, energy, and digital infrastructure connectivity in the region between the Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea;
(14) there are mutually beneficial opportunities for increased investment and economic expansion, particularly on energy, climate, and transport infrastructure initiatives, between the United States and Black Sea states and the broader region;
(15) improved economic ties between the United States and the Black Sea states and the broader region can lead to a strengthened strategic partnership;
(16) the United States must seek to address the food security challenges arising from closure of Ukraine's Black Sea ports, as this global challenge will have critical national security implications for the United States, our partners, and allies;
(17) Russia has a brutal history of using hunger as a weapon and must be stopped; and
(18) countering the PRC's coercive economic pursuits remains an important policy imperative in order to further integrate the Black Sea countries into western economies and improve regional stability.
SEC. 1283. UNITED STATES POLICY.
It is the policy of the United States to--
(1) actively deter the threat of Russia's further escalation in the Black Sea region and defend freedom of navigation in the Black Sea to prevent the spread of further armed conflict in Europe;
(2) advocate within NATO, among NATO Allies, and within the European Union to develop a long-term coordinated strategy to enhance security, establish a permanent, sustainable presence in the eastern flank, and bolster the democratic resilience of United States allies and partners in the region;
(3) support and bolster the economic ties between the United States and Black Sea partners and mobilize the Department of State and other relevant Federal departments and agencies by enhancing the United States presence and investment in Black Sea countries;
(4) provide economic alternatives to the PRC's coercive economic options that destabilize and further erode economic integration of the Black Sea littoral states;
(5) ensure that the United States continues to support Black Sea countries to strengthen their democratic institutions to prevent corruption and accelerate their advancement into the Euroatlantic community; and
(6) encourage the initiative undertaken by central and eastern European states to advance the Three Seas Initiative to strengthen transport, energy, and digital infrastructure connectivity in the region between the Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea.
SEC. 1284. BLACK SEA SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY.
(a) Black Sea Development and Security Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the National Security Council, in coordination with the Department of State and other relevant Federal departments and agencies, is authorized to direct an interagency strategy to increase military assistance and coordination with NATO and the European Union, deepen economic ties, strengthen economic and energy security and enhance security assistance with Black Sea countries, and support efforts to bolster their democratic resilience.
(b) Purpose and Objectives.--The initiative established under subsection (a) shall have the following goals and objectives:
(1) Ensuring the efficient and effective delivery of security assistance to Black Sea states, prioritizing assistance that will bolster defenses against hybrid warfare and improve interoperability with NATO forces.
(2) Bolstering United States support for the region's energy security and integration with Europe and reducing their dependence on Russia while supporting energy diversification.
(3) Mitigating the impact of economic coercion by the Russian Federation and the PRC on Black Sea states and identifying new opportunities for foreign direct investment from the United States and cooperating countries and the enhancement of United States business ties.
(4) Increasing high-level engagement between the United States and the Black Sea states, and reinforcing economic growth, financing quality infrastructure, and reinforcing trade with a focus on improving high-level economic cooperation.
(5) Increasing United States coordination with the European Union and NATO to maximize effectiveness and minimize duplication.
(c) Activities.--
(1) Security.--The strategy established under subsection (a) shall include the following elements related to security:
(A) A plan to increase interagency coordination on the Black Sea region.
(B) A strategy for--
(i) the United States to increase NATO's presence and capabilities in the Black Sea region, including land, sea, and air forces; or
(ii) a United States-led initiative with NATO member states to increase coordination, presence, and regional engagement among Black Sea countries.
(C) A strategy to increase military assistance toward Black Sea countries, particularly Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Georgia.
(D) Prioritization of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems to monitor Russia's operations in the Black Sea region, as well as upgrading from air policing to air defense missions.
(E) An assessment of the value of establishing a joint, multinational three-star headquarters on the Black Sea, responsible for planning, readiness, exercises, and coordination of all Allied and partner military activity in the greater Black Sea region.
(F) An overview of Foreign Military Financing, International Military Education and Training, and other United States security assistance to the region.
(G) A plan for communicating the changes to NATO posture to the public in allied and partner countries, as well as in the Russian Federation and Belarus.
(H) A plan for combating Russian disinformation and propaganda in the Black Sea region, utilizing the resources of the United States Government, including the Global Engagement Center.
(I) A plan to promote greater freedom of navigation, working primarily with Turkey, Ukraine, Romania, and Bulgaria to allow for greater security and economic Black Sea access.
(2) Economic prosperity.--The strategy established under subsection (a) shall include the following elements related to economic prosperity:
(A) A strategy to foster dialogue between experts from the United States and from the Black Sea states on economic expansion, foreign direct investment, strengthening rule of law initiatives, and mitigating economic coercion by Russia and the PRC.
(B) A strategy for all the relevant Federal departments and agencies that contribute to United States economic statecraft to expand their presence and identify new opportunities for private investment in Black Sea states.
(C) Assessments on energy diversification, focusing on the immediate need to replace energy supplies from Russia, and recognize the long-term importance of broader energy diversification, including clean energy initiatives.
(D) Assessments of potential food security solutions.
(3) Democratic resilience.--The strategy established under subsection (a) shall include the following elements related to democratic resilience:
(A) A strategy to increase independent media and United States-supported media initiatives to combat foreign malign influence in the Black Sea region.
(B) Greater mobilization of initiatives spearheaded by the Global Engagement Center and the United States Agency for International Development to counter Russian propaganda and disinformation in the Black Sea region.
(4) Regional connectivity.--The strategy established under subsection (a) shall promote regional connectivity by sending high-level representatives of the Department of State or other agency partners to--
(A) the Black Sea region not less frequently than twice a year; and
(B) major regional fora on infrastructure and energy security, including the Three Seas Initiative Summit.
(d) Identification of Necessary Programs and Resources.--No later than 360 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the interagency shall identify any necessary program, policy, or budgetary resources required, by agency, to support implementation of the Black Sea Security Strategy for fiscal years 2024, 2025, and 2026.
(e) Responsibilities of Federal Departments and Agencies.--Nothing under this section shall be deemed to authorize the National Security Council to assume any of the responsibilities or authorities of the head of any Federal department, agency, or office, including the foreign affairs responsibilities and authorities of the Secretary of State, to oversee the implementation of programs and policies under this section.
SEC. 1285. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term “appropriate congressional committees” means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(2) Black sea states.--The term “Black Sea states” means Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine, and Georgia.
(3) Three seas initiative investment fund countries.-- The term “Three Seas Initiative Investment Fund countries” means Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Austria, Croatia, Romania, and Bulgaria.
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Senate amendment submitted
September 29, 2022