S.Amdt. 2622

SA 2622. Mr. WELCH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by
him to the bill S. 4638, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year
2025 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military
construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy,
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for
other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title XVI, insert the
following:

SEC. ___. MANAGING RISKS RELATING TO MILITARY USE OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

(a) Ledger of Use and Deployment.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of Defense shall create a
ledger of all uses by the Department of Defense of covered
systems.
(2) Requirements.--The ledger created pursuant to paragraph
(1) shall be a structured, indexed database.
(b) Risk Assessment Process.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a risk
assessment process that holistically evaluates each unique
deployment or implementation by the Department of a covered
system in the ledger required by such subsection.
(2) Elements.--
(A) In general.--The process required by paragraph (1)
shall, at a minimum, cover matters relating to the following:
(i) Accuracy.
(ii) Cybersecurity.
(iii) Privacy.
(iv) Bias.
(v) Bias towards escalation.
(vi) Deployment span.
(vii) Risk of civilian harm.
(B) Bias towards escalation.--For purposes of subparagraph
(A)(iii), the process shall cover assessment of bias relating
to whether technology ever deescalates conflict situations.
(C) Deployment span.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)(v),
the process shall address changes in risk levels based on
whether covered systems are deployed singularly or in
clusters or swarms.
(3) Annual assessments.--The Secretary shall ensure that
the process required by paragraph (1) requires reevaluation
of each covered system included in the ledger required by
subsection (a)--
(A) not less frequently than annually; and
(B) whenever--
(i) the underlying foundation artificial intelligence model
receives an update that notably shifts the capabilities of
the covered system; and
(ii) the Department procures any covered system that has
not previously been evaluated by the process.
(c) Annotations Regarding Exports.--The Secretary shall
annotate in the ledger required by subsection (a) when--
(1) a covered system developed or owned by the Department
is shared with a foreign country, exported to a foreign
country, or used by any foreign person or government; and
(2) such sharing, exporting, or use presents additional
risk covered by the risk assessment process required by
subsection (b).
(d) Submittal to Congress.--
(1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to
Congress the following:
(A) The ledger required by subsection (a).
(B) A report on the findings of the Secretary with respect
to the risk assessments conducted pursuant to the risk
assessment process established under subsection (b).
(C) The annotations made under subsection (c).
(2) Form.--Submittal pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be, to
the fullest extent possible, in unclassified form, but may
include a classified annex to the degree the Secretary
considers necessary.
(3) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make
available to the public the unclassified portion of the
submittal under paragraph (1).
(e) Covered System Defined.--In this section, the term
``covered system'' includes the following systems that are
enabled by artificial intelligence:
(1) A weapon system.
(2) A targeting system.
(3) A decision support system that aids a system described
in paragraph (1) or (2).
______