S.Amdt. 5861

SA 5861. Mr. YOUNG submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by
him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year
2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military
construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy,
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for
other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title XVI, insert the
following:

Subtitle ___--National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026

SECTION ___1. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the ``National Quantum
Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026''.

SEC. ___2. DEFINITIONS.

Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
8801) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), the
first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the
``Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications''), and
the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the
``Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science'') as
paragraphs (7), (9), (12), (13), (18), and (19),
respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
``(4) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.
3703).
``(5) Foreign country of concern.--The term `foreign
country of concern' means--
``(A) a country that is a covered nation (as such term is
defined in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code);
and
``(B) any country that the Secretary of Commerce, in
consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of
State, and the Director of National Intelligence, determines
to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national
security or foreign policy of the United States.
``(6) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity
of concern' means a foreign entity that is--
``(A) designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the
Secretary of State under section 219(a) of the Immigration
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));
``(B) included on the list of specially designated
nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of
Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury
(commonly known as the `SDN list');
``(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the
jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign
country that is a covered nation (as such term is defined in
section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code);
``(D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been involved
in activities for which a conviction was obtained under--
``(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code (commonly
known as the `Espionage Act');
``(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, United States Code;
``(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United States Code
(commonly known as the `Economic Espionage Act of 1996');
``(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et
seq.);
``(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and
2284);
``(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C.
4801 et seq.); or
``(vii) the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or
``(E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in
consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director
of National Intelligence, to be engaged in unauthorized
conduct that is detrimental to the national security or
foreign policy of the United States.'';
(3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking
``(a)'' each place it appears;
(4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraph:
``(8) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).'';
(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated,
the following:
``(10) Quantum applications.--The term `quantum
applications' means uses of quantum information science,
engineering, and technology, including quantum algorithms and
software, quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids,
quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum encryption,
quantum simulation, or quantum communications applications.
``(11) Quantum computing.--The term `quantum computing'
means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies,
including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems
that utilize a variety of architectures, such as
superconductors, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, atomic
spin, electron spin, or topological qubits.'';
(6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesignated, to read
as follows:
``(12) Quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.--The term `quantum information science,
engineering, and technology' means the understanding,
translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum
physics for the storage, transmission, manipulation,
computing, simulation, or measurement of information.''; and
(7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so redesignated,
the following:
``(14) Quantum networking.--The term `quantum networking'
means the transmission of quantum information and the
distribution and use of entanglement across nodes to enable
new information technology applications and fundamental
science.
``(15) Quantum sensing.--The term `quantum sensing'--
``(A) means the use of quantum mechanics to enhance or
enable new sensors; and
``(B) can include uses of superposition and entanglement,
nonclassical states, and advances in accuracy and precision
enabled by quantum control.
``(16) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the academic and
professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics, including computer science.
``(17) Supply chain shock.--The term `supply chain shock'--

[[Page S2944]]

``(A) means an event causing severe or serious disruption
to normal operations or capacity in a supply chain; and
``(B) includes--
``(i) a natural disaster;
``(ii) a pandemic;
``(iii) a biological threat;
``(iv) a cyber attack;
``(v) a geopolitical conflict;
``(vi) a terrorist or geopolitical attack;
``(vii) a trade disruption caused by--

``(I) a foreign country of concern; or
``(II) an entity or an individual subject to the
jurisdiction of such a country; and

``(viii) an event for which the President declares a major
disaster or an emergency under section 401 or 501,
respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191).''.

SEC. ___3. PURPOSES.

Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
8802) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
``(A) to expand the number of researchers, educators, and
students with training in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology to develop a domestic workforce
pipeline and retain international talent to the extent
consistent with national security and international
competitiveness;'';
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``science at the'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology at the'';
(C) in subparagraph (D)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(F) to facilitate development of quantum applications,
including quantum-hybrid applications, to promote innovation;
and
``(G) to support advancements in emerging technologies that
could benefit from or benefit the development of quantum
technology and promote research, development, demonstration,
and application of such emerging technologies in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology and
scientific discovery.'';
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(4) in paragraph (4)--
(A) by inserting ``National Laboratories,'' after ``Federal
laboratories,''; and
(B) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``partnerships, research collaborations,
and'' after ``international''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology security'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology'';
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end
and inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(C) to facilitate cooperation in the advancement of
quantum capabilities among the United States and its
strategic allies and partners to strengthen and secure the
quantum-relevant supply chain and related ecosystem; and
``(D) to coordinate on potential export or strategic trade
controls where appropriate; and''; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
``(6) improving the maturity and scale of the quantum
industry.''.

SEC. ___4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.

Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum
Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking ``development'' and inserting ``research,
development, and near-, medium-, and long-term
demonstration''; and
(B) by striking ``information science and technology'';
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) by striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(B) by inserting ``infrastructure,'' after
``demonstration,'';
(3) in paragraph (3)--
(A) by inserting ``and retain'' after ``to develop''; and
(B) by striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of
Federal quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research, development, demonstration, standards
engagement, and other activities under the Program, including
activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S.
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum
educational activities and programs authorized pursuant to
section 10661 of the Research and Development, Competition,
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261), and activities
conducted at any Federal laboratory or National
Laboratory;''; and
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) by striking ``industry and universities'' and inserting
``industry, universities, and strategic allies and
partners''; and
(B) by inserting ``, including human resources'' after
``resources''.

SEC. ___5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.

Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8812) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``who shall be''
before ``appointed''; and
(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:
``(B) staff comprising employees detailed from the Federal
departments and agencies specified in section 103(b).''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology research, development, workforce, and
international'';
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures
or consortia established under this Act, including under
section 201(a), the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum
Research and Education established under section 302(a), the
National Quantum Information Science Research Centers
established under section 402(a), and the Quantum Economic
Development Consortium;'';
(C) in paragraph (6), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a
semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``nonprofit research organizations,''
after ``universities,''; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a
semicolon; and
(E) by adding after paragraph (7) the following:
``(8) promote understanding and adoption of viable quantum
capabilities that strengthen the United States economy, as
may be appropriate;
``(9) track, monitor, and promote policies that will ensure
the stability of the United States quantum workforce, quantum
supply chain, domestic quantum industry, and international
trade; and
``(10) ensure coordination and avoid unnecessary
duplication of existing quantum-related activities, other
activities carried out under this Act, and other related
programs, as appropriate.''.

SEC. ___6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8813) is amended--
(1) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``the quantum information
science and technology research,'' and inserting ``quantum
information science, engineering, and technology research,
quantum application development, and demonstration,'';
(B) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering, and technology'' after
``science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``skillset'' before ``diversity'';
(C) in paragraph (5)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering, and technology'' after
``science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``and conduct comparative benchmarking of
Federal investments and research strategies relative to those
of strategic allies and partners of the United States and
other countries'' after ``development efforts'';
(D) in paragraph (6)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
(E) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering, and technology'' after
``science''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and
(F) by adding at the end the following:
``(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to
advance quantum applications related to advanced
manufacturing, biotechnology, critical minerals, chemistry,
space, and other sectors; and
``(9) evaluate the competitiveness and capabilities of the
United States in quantum technologies with respect to quantum
computing, sensing, networking, and applications.'';
(2) in subsection (g)(2)--
(A) in paragraph (A), by inserting ``numbers'' after
``budget'';
(B) in paragraph (B), by inserting ``numbers'' after
``budget''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
``(D) Metrics for measuring the impact of the Program for
the current fiscal year, for each Federal department and
agency described in subsection (b).
``(E) Value proposition as a result of each interagency
partnership opportunity.'';
(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ``, including a
description of agency roles and responsibilities'' before the
period; and
(4) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(i) Quantum Use Cases.--
``(1) In general.--The Subcommittee shall identify
potential use cases for quantum technologies that could
advance the missions of Federal departments and agencies
participating in the Program.
``(2) Quantum on-ramp.--For each potential use case
identified pursuant to paragraph (1) for a Federal department
or agency, the head of the Federal department or

[[Page S2945]]

agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, develop a
plan to enable such department or agency to address the
potential use case.
``(3) Comparison to artificial intelligence technologies.--
For any potential use case identified under paragraph (1) for
a Federal department or agency, the head of the department or
agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, consider
the quantum use case's interplay with artificial intelligence
and compare its anticipated costs, functionality, and
benefits.
``(4) Reporting.--The Subcommittee, as part of the annual
report on the budget for the Program under subsection (g),
shall report progress in carrying out the activities under
this subsection, including information relating to the
following:
``(A) The potential use cases identified pursuant to
paragraph (1).
``(B) The status of plans developed pursuant to paragraph
(2).
``(C) Any obstacles to addressing such potential use cases,
including lack of funding.''.

SEC. ___7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8814) is amended--
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
``(b) Qualifications.--The Advisory Committee shall consist
of members, appointed by the President, who--
``(1) are representative of--
``(A) industry; and
``(B) universities and Federal laboratories that are
qualified to provide advice and information on quantum
information science, engineering, and technology research,
development, demonstrations, standards, STEM education and
workforce, technology transfer, economics, and national
security, or research security; and
``(2) may hold doctoral degrees in physical sciences,
mathematics, computer science, engineering, or related
fields.'';
(2) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in subparagraph (D)--
(i) by striking ``to'' and inserting ``promote innovation,
foster a robust United States quantum industry, and''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(C) in subparagraph (E), by inserting ``, including to
address any gaps that may exist in basic research,
capabilities, workforce, supply chain, or coordination among
participating Federal agencies'' before the semicolon;
(D) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``open standards for,
quantum information science and technology; and'' and
inserting ``international standards in open and transparent
standardization systems for quantum information science,
engineering, and technology;'';
(E) in subparagraph (G)--
(i) by striking ``societal,''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
``(H) the domestic and international cooperation needs and
goals of the Program, including those related to
infrastructure and the supply chain of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology; and
``(I) the degree to which quantum information science,
engineering, and technology--
``(i) is enhancing or can enhance--

``(I) the capabilities of the United States advanced
industrial economy; and
``(II) Federal, State, and local government capabilities
and services; and

``(ii) can protect or optimize critical infrastructure (as
such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56
(42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).'';
(3) in subsection (e)--
(A) by inserting ``through December 31, 2030'' after
``thereafter''; and
(B) by adding at the end the following new sentence: ``In
the first such report required after the date of the
enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization
Act of 2026, the Advisory Committee shall assess the benefits
and opportunities to strengthen quantum communications
corridors in which Federal laboratories, institutions of
higher education, and other entities conducting quantum
information science, engineering, and technology research are
connected via quantum communication networks capable of
securely transmitting information.'';
(4) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as
subsections (f) through (h), respectively; and
(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
``(e) Performance and Usefulness Assessment of National
Quantum Initiative Program.--
``(1) Annual evaluation required.--Not less frequently than
once each year, the Advisory Committee shall, in coordination
with the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, conduct
an evaluation of the effectiveness, progress, and usefulness
of activities carried out under the Program.
``(2) Elements.--Each evaluation under paragraph (1) shall
assess--
``(A) which Federal programs or activities within the
Program have made measurable progress toward program goals;
``(B) which Federal programs within the Program have
produced tangible scientific, workforce, or commercial
outcomes;
``(C) which programs or activities within the Program have
overlapping missions or duplicative structures;
``(D) resource utilization and return on investment of each
major component of the Program; and
``(E) barriers to performance or implementation of the
Program, including structural, regulatory, or administrative
challenges.
``(3) Report to congress.--Not later than March 1 of each
year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, and
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House
of Representatives a report summarizing the findings of the
Advisory Committee with respect to the evaluation most
recently conducted under paragraph (1), including specific
recommendations for--
``(A) improvements to the Program;
``(B) consolidation or termination of programs or
activities within the Program; and
``(C) realignment of funding to high-impact areas within
the Program.
``(4) Public summary.--The Advisory Committee shall make a
public-facing summary of each report submitted under
paragraph (3) available on the website of the Advisory
Committee to promote transparency and accountability.''.

SEC. ___8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY
IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8814a) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph (12); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the following:
``(11) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
and''; and
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``information science''
and inserting ``information science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or to supply chains''
before the semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or supply chains''
before the semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (5)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering, and technology'' after
``quantum information science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``any'' before ``export controls'';
(E) in paragraph (6), by striking ``information science''
and inserting ``information science, engineering, and
technology'';
(F) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(G) in paragraph (8)--
(i) by striking ``information science'' and inserting
``information science, engineering, and technology''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and
(H) by adding at the end the following:
``(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum
Information Science, identify opportunities to increase
coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence
quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative
quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration
between quantum research agencies with specialized
capabilities or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum
information science, engineering, and technology; and
``(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining
students and scholars with expertise in quantum-related
fields to Federal departments and agencies.''.

SEC. ___9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 105 the following
new section:

``SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

``(a) Strategy Required.--Not later than one year after the
date of the enactment of this section, the Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, in
consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of
State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National
Science Foundation, the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other
Federal agencies, as appropriate, develop and submit to the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee
on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Foreign
Affairs of the House of Representatives a strategy--
``(1) to establish collaborative international partnerships
to advance research and development, testing and evaluation,
and interoperability in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology with allies and partners of the
United States, and other countries, when in the security,
strategic, technological, and scientific interests of the
United States;
``(2) to ensure continued participation by the United
States in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance
quantum information science, engineering, and technology on
the

[[Page S2946]]

international stage, including programs to advance research
and development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability
in quantum information science, engineering, and technology
with allies and partners of the United States;
``(3) to promote the integrity and impartiality of
international standards organizations and processes related
to quantum information science, engineering, and technology;
and
``(4) to ensure responsible and ethical research and
development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability in
quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(b) Designation.--The strategy developed under subsection
(a) shall be known as the `International Quantum Cooperation
Strategy' (in this section referred to as the `Strategy').
``(c) Elements.--In the development of the Strategy, the
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the
National Quantum Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on
Quantum Information Science, the Subcommittee on the Economic
and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science, and
the relevant agencies shall consider including the following:
``(1) The establishment of international partnerships to
advance research and development in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Key strategic allies and partners of the United
States that have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or
more areas of quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the national
security and economic interests of the United States during
development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide,
including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and
partners, and other countries.
``(4) Efforts and plans to promote global development and
deployment of quantum technologies, including through
international engagement and leadership in the development of
international standards that are aligned with United States
national interests.
``(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain
international talent.
``(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and
suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United
States to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain,
including raw materials such as helium-3, plans for
engagement with allies and partners, manufacturers, and
suppliers, and options to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities
in the global quantum supply chain.
``(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported
through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole
or in part, including in quantum technologies critical to
national security, from malign influence, theft, or
exfiltration by foreign entities of concern.
``(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or
administrative action as is needed to carry out the Strategy.
``(d) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on
which the Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the
committees specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.''.

SEC. ___10. PRIZE CHALLENGES.

The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et
seq.) is amended--
(1) by redesignating section 106 as section 107; and
(2) by inserting after section 105A, as added by section
[___9], the following:

``SEC. 106. NATIONAL QUANTUM PRIZE CHALLENGES.

``(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, any head of a Federal agency with a
representative serving on the Subcommittee on Quantum
Information Science established under section 103 may,
individually or in cooperation with one or more heads of
Federal agencies--
``(1) conduct a prize competition under section 24 of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.
3719), or such other prize competition authority as may be
available to the head of an agency, to accelerate the
development of applications and algorithms in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology; and
``(2) define a measurable set of performance goals for
participants in the prize competitions to demonstrate their
solutions on a level playing field while making a significant
advancement over the current state of the art.
``(b) Purpose.--Any prize competition carried out under
subsection (a) shall be for the purpose of stimulating
innovation to advance the ability of the United States to
achieve high-priority breakthroughs for applications in
quantum information science, engineering, and technology,
such as in quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum
communications, quantum networking, quantum algorithms, and
quantum cryptography.
``(c) Coordination With Subcommittees.--Each prize
competition conducted under subsection (a) may be conducted
in coordination with members of the Subcommittee on Quantum
Information Science and the Subcommittee on the Economic and
Security Implications of Quantum Information Science.
``(d) Recommendations.--To assist in the administration of
this section, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science
may provide recommendations on key challenges in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology that would
be well suited for a prize competition under subsection (a).
The recommendations shall include a scope for efforts carried
out under such subsection.''.

SEC. ___11. SUNSET OF NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE.

Subsection (a) of section 107 of the National Quantum
Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8815), as redesignated by section
[___10], is amended to read as follows:
``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b),
the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, and
105 shall terminate on December 30, 2034.''.

SEC. ___12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.

Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8831) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by inserting ``attract, educate, and'' before
``train''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
``(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the
development and standardization, as appropriate, of quantum
cryptography, post-quantum cryptography (as such term is
defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity
Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260)),
and practices to replace cryptographic keys or algorithms
with minimal disruption to current applications and
systems;'';
(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) shall carry out research, development, and
demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate the
development of quantum applications, including research on
quantum supply chain-enabling technologies, such as lasers,
cryogenics, and other supporting technologies;'';
(E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) as
paragraphs (7), (8), and (9), respectively;
(F) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
``(5) shall promote United States participation in
international standards organizations related to quantum
information science, engineering, and technology;
``(6) shall establish or expand partnerships with the
public sector and private sector--
``(A) to accelerate the development of domestic quantum
supply chain and supply chain-supporting technologies;
``(B) to reduce quantum supply chain vulnerabilities; and
``(C) to avoid offshoring to, or dependence on, foreign
countries of concern for critical components of capabilities
in the quantum supply chain;'';
(G) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking
``infrastructure'' and inserting ``, communications, sensing,
and computing''; and
(H) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated--
(i) by inserting ``nonprofit research organizations,''
after ``universities,''; and
(ii) by striking ``and engineering'' and inserting ``,
engineering, and technology and expanding the domestic STEM
workforce'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``future measurement'' and inserting
``research, measurement''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
``(A) to gather and assess information on the quantum
industry to address the needs identified in paragraph (1);'';
and
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting
the following new subparagraphs:
``(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, the Program, and other
Federal agencies, as appropriate, can address the gaps in the
research necessary to meet the needs identified in paragraph
(1); and
``(C) to assess and identify key areas for establishing,
expanding, or developing international partnerships that will
meet the needs identified in paragraph (1).'';
(C) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``Not later than 2 years after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
(ii) by inserting ``periodically, but not less frequently
than once every five years,'' after ``shall''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(4) Sense of congress on coordination.--It is the sense
of Congress that, as may be appropriate, Federal agencies
that are involved in the transition or translation of
research results to practical quantum applications or that
have a mission that could benefit from the development of
quantum technologies, should engage with the consortium to
inform and accelerate progress in such areas.''; and
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following
new subsections:
``(c) Quantum Supply Chains.--
``(1) Mapping and planning.--The Assistant Secretary of
Commerce for Industry and Analysis shall carry out the
following activities:

[[Page S2947]]

``(A) Assess, map, and model supply chains for quantum
networking, quantum computing, quantum communications,
quantum simulation, and quantum sensing technologies and
applications.
``(B) Identify current and future high-priority gaps and
vulnerabilities in quantum supply chains, such as--
``(i) single points of failure, sole source, consolidated
manufacturing, or where there are limited United States and
partner national suppliers; and
``(ii) critical components, elements, materials, equipment,
and infrastructure.
``(C) Identify potential supply chain shocks to the quantum
supply chain that may disrupt, strain, or eliminate the
supply chain.
``(2) Study on critical quantum supply chains.--Not later
than 2 years after the date of the enactment of the National
Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Secretary
of Commerce and the Secretary of Energy shall jointly--
``(A) complete a study documenting the critical quantum
supply chains and identified high-priority gaps and
vulnerabilities; and
``(B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
report on the findings with respect to the study completed
pursuant to subparagraph (A).
``(3) Recommendations for avoiding shocks to quantum supply
chains.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization
Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce shall, in coordination
with the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National
Science Foundation, the Secretary of Defense, the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, the Administrator of the Small Business
Administration, and the heads of such other Federal agencies
as the Secretary of Commerce considers relevant, develop and
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress specific
recommendations for actions to mitigate harm to quantum
supply chains from a supply chain shock.
``(4) Plan to strengthen and secure quantum supply
chains.--Not later than 3 years after the date of the
enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization
Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the
appropriate committees of Congress a plan identifying
opportunities to strengthen supply chains and build capacity.
``(d) International Quantum Research and Metrology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology shall, in coordination with the
Secretary of State and the Director of the National Science
Foundation, promote, establish, and support international
quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research, metrology research, and standardization, as
appropriate, to enhance international cooperation, meet
United States commitments, and support United States
engagement in international voluntary standards for quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this section, the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum
Information Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National
Standards Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or
successor strategies.
``(3) Prohibitions.--
``(A) Confucius institutes.--None of the funds made
available under this subsection may be obligated or expended
to an institution of higher education that maintains a
contract or agreement between such institution and a
Confucius Institute (as defined in section 10339A of the
Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42
U.S.C. 19039)) or any successor of a Confucius Institute.
``(B) Foreign countries or entities of concern.--None of
the funds made available under this subsection may be
obligated or expended to promote, establish, or finance
quantum research activities between a United States entity
and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of
concern, including the entity's subsidiaries, except such
restriction shall not apply to participation by award
recipients in consensus-based international standardization
activities.
``(e) Post-quantum Cryptography Deployment.--
``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(A) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
`appropriate congressional committees' means--
``(i) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate; and
``(ii) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of
Representatives.
``(B) Classical computer; quantum computer.--The terms
`classical computer' and `quantum computer' have the meanings
given such terms in section 3 of the Quantum Computing
Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (Public Law 117-260; 6 U.S.C.
1526 note).
``(C) Critical infrastructure sectors.--The term `critical
infrastructure sectors' means the critical infrastructure
sectors defined in the National Security Memorandum on
`Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience' (NSM-22),
dated April 30, 2024.
``(D) Post-quantum cryptography.--The term `post-quantum
cryptography'--
``(i) means those cryptographic algorithms or methods that
are assessed not to be specifically vulnerable to attack by
either a quantum computer or classical computer; and
``(ii) includes--

``(I) the lattice-based digital signature algorithm
specified in National Institute of Standards and Technology
Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 204
(dated August 13, 2024; relating to Module-Lattice-Based
Digital Signature Standard), or any successor standard;
``(II) the module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism
specified in National Institute of Standards and Technology
Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 203
(dated August 13, 2024; relating to Module-Lattice-Based Key-
Encapsulation Mechanism Standard), or any successor standard;
and
``(III) any cryptographic algorithm or method implemented
in accordance with National Institute of Standards and
Technology Federal Information Processing Standard
Publication 140-3 (dated March 22, 2019; relating to Security
Requirements for Cryptographic Modules), or any successor
standard, operating within a zero trust architecture as
described in National Institute of Standards and Technology
Special Publication 800-207 (dated August 2020; relating to
Zero Trust Architecture), or any successor standard.

``(E) Sector risk management agency.--The term `sector risk
management agency' has the meaning given such term in section
2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650).
``(2) Guidance on upgrading to post-quantum cryptography.--
``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date
of the enactment of this subsection, the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, in
consultation with the Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and
the head of any other agency the Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology considers appropriate,
shall establish guidance for upgrading information systems to
post-quantum cryptography, including guidance that is
specifically tailored for critical infrastructure sectors.
``(B) Dissemination of guidance.--
``(i) In general.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology shall make available to entities
in the private sector the guidance established under
subparagraph (A).
``(ii) Special publications.--The Director may satisfy the
requirement under clause (i) through the publication of
Special Publications.
``(3) Strategy for federal agency upgrade to post-quantum
cryptography.--
``(A) National quantum cybersecurity upgrade strategy.--The
Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Director of
the Office of Science and Technology Policy and in
consultation with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium
and the head of any other agency the Secretary of Commerce
considers appropriate, shall develop a National Quantum
Cybersecurity Upgrade Strategy that includes the following:
``(i) A definition of a cryptographically relevant quantum
computer.
``(ii) Recommended standards to apply to determine whether
a quantum computer meets such definition, including--

``(I) the characteristics of such computers; and
``(II) the particular point at which such computers are
capable of attacking real-world systems that classical
computers are unable to attack.

``(iii) Guidelines for assessing the urgency of upgrading
to post-quantum cryptography for each Federal agency relative
to--

``(I) the critical functions of each agency; and
``(II) the risk each agency faces should a
cryptographically relevant quantum computer attack a system
operated by the agency.

``(iv) Recommended performance measures for upgrading to
post-quantum cryptography for the following tasks:

``(I) Preparation for upgrading to post-quantum
cryptography, including--

``(aa) the adoption of hardware integrating quantum-
resistant cryptographic algorithms; and
``(bb) the deployment of software-only post-quantum
cryptography overlays that meet or exceed security standards
set forth in the Federal Information Processing Standards
issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

``(II) Establishment of a baseline understanding of the
data inventory, including through the use of automated tools
to identify assets.
``(III) Planning and execution of post-quantum
cryptographic solutions, including ensuring that data at rest
and in motion is subject to appropriate protections.
``(IV) Monitoring and evaluating the success of the upgrade
and assessing the security of the system.

``(v) A plan for implementing the above performance
measures, including evaluating and monitoring entities that
are at high risk of quantum attacks, including sector risk
management agencies.
``(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 360 days after
the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report
that includes the National Quantum Cybersecurity Upgrade
Strategy developed under subparagraph (A).

[[Page S2948]]

``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be
construed to authorize the development or implementation of
any rulemaking or regulatory action for non-Federal entities.
``(f) Funding.--
``(1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized
to be appropriated to the Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology to carry out this section
$85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
``(2) Derivation of funds.--Amounts made available pursuant
to paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 shall
be derived from amounts authorized to be appropriated for the
National Institute of Standards and Technology pursuant to
section 10211 of the Research and Development, Competition,
and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-167) for scientific and
technical research and services laboratory activities.''.

SEC. ___13. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
QUANTUM CENTERS.

Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended
by adding at the end the following new sections:

``SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
QUANTUM CENTERS.

``(a) Establishment.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with such
heads of other Federal departments and agencies as the
Director considers appropriate, carry out a program to
establish and operate at least 1, but not more than 3,
centers to accelerate research, development, deployment, and
standardization of quantum information science, engineering,
and technology.
``(2) Program details.--
``(A) Competitive, merit-based review process.--The centers
established and operated under paragraph (1) shall be
established through a competitive, merit-based review process
described in paragraph (5).
``(B) Applications.--An eligible applicant described in
subparagraph (C) seeking to establish and operate a center
described in paragraph (1) shall submit to the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology an
application therefor at such time, in such manner, and
containing such information as the Director determines to be
necessary to evaluate the application using the criteria
described in paragraph (5).
``(C) Eligible applicants.--Eligible applicants described
in this subparagraph are the following:
``(i) Institutions of higher education.
``(ii) Nonprofit organizations.
``(iii) Multi-institution collaborations, including
multiple types of research institutions, private sector
entities, Federal laboratories, and nonprofit organizations,
or consortia thereof.
``(3) Selection of applications and prioritized topics.--
The Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology shall solicit proposals and prioritize the
following topics in the initial selection of applications
submitted under paragraph (2)(B), subject to merit-based
review (including review of the criteria described in
paragraph (5)):
``(A) Advancing quantum sensing and measurement
technologies.
``(B) Advancing the manufacturing and scale-up of quantum
systems and quantum-enabling technologies.
``(C) Addressing technology barriers to quantum networking
and communications.
``(4) Grants.--
``(A) In general.--The Director shall carry out the program
required by paragraph (1) through the award of grants to
eligible applicants seeking to establish and operate centers
under the program.
``(B) Duration of grant awards.--Subject to the
availability of appropriations, the duration of a grant
awarded under subparagraph (A) shall be a period of 5 years.
``(C) Renewal.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, each grant awarded under subparagraph (A) may
be renewed for successive periods of 5 years following a
successful merit-based review by the Director.
``(D) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
Institute, the Director may terminate a grant awarded under
subparagraph (A) for an underperforming center for cause
during the performance period of the grant.
``(5) Competitive, merit-based review process.--The
Director shall award grants under this subsection using a
formal, merit-based review process for evaluating
applications received by the Director under paragraph (2)(B)
that shall--
``(A) ensure that grants are awarded to the most
technically sound and strategically aligned quantum
technology proposals;
``(B) prioritize proposals that demonstrate strong
potential to enhance leadership by the United States in
quantum applications, quantum metrology, and the development
of quantum standards;
``(C) support initiatives that align with the strategic
goals of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
while avoiding unnecessary duplication of efforts led by
other Federal agencies;
``(D) facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective
selection process, utilizing qualified subject-matter
experts; and
``(E) include appropriate consideration of project
feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and
risk mitigation.
``(b) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable,
centers established and operated under this section shall
serve the mission of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, for the benefit of the broader United States
quantum information science community, for the following
purposes:
``(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Advancing technology development.
``(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(c) Coordination.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology shall ensure coordination and
avoid unnecessary duplication of the activities carried out
under this section with existing activities of the Institute,
other activities carried out under this Act, and other
related programs, as appropriate.
``(d) Commercial Technology.--Each center established under
this section may leverage commercially available hardware and
software to carry out the activities described in subsection
(a), unless such hardware or software is manufactured in, or
by, a foreign country of concern.
``(e) Funding.--The Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology shall allocate up to $18,000,000 for
each center established under this section for each of fiscal
years 2026 through 2030, subject to the availability of
appropriations. Such amounts shall be derived from amounts
appropriated pursuant to section 10211 of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-
167).
``(f) Briefing Requirements.--Not later than 1 year after
the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative
Reauthorization Act of 2026, and not less frequently than
once each year thereafter, the Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology shall provide the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of
the House of Representatives a briefing on current and
planned activities under this section.

``SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY.

``The activities authorized under this title shall be
carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title
VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.) and section 6432 of
the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (Public Law
118-159; 42 U.S.C. 7144b note).

``SEC. 204. COLLABORATION FOR QUANTUM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
ACCELERATION.

``(a) Definition of Near-term Use Case.--In this section,
the term `near-term use case' means--
``(1) in the case of an application that includes the
development of quantum computing hardware, an application
that can be developed and deployed in less than 3 years; or
``(2) in the case of an application that includes quantum
technologies in general, including quantum communication,
sensing, algorithm development for hybrid applications,
supply chain innovation, or demonstrations of computational
advantage, where new quantum computer hardware would not need
to be developed, an application that can be developed and
deployed in less than 18 months.
``(b) Establishment of Collaborative Venture for Quantum
Application Development Acceleration.--Consistent with the
activities authorized under this title, the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall
establish or expand an existing collaborative venture or
consortia with other public or private sector entities--
``(1) for innovation and development of applications using
quantum information sciences with a focus on near-term use
cases; and
``(2) that can be used to develop and test demonstrations,
proofs of concept, and pilot applications.
``(c) Coordination and Engagement.--In carrying out
subsection (b), the Director shall --
``(1) coordinate activities with the members of the
Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science and the
Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications of Quantum
Science; and
``(2) engage with the Quantum Economic Development
Consortium, the National Laboratories (as defined in section
2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)),
federally funded research and development centers, and other
members of the United States quantum computing and quantum
information ecosystem, including industry.
``(d) Success Metrics.--In administering this section, the
Director shall, in consultation with the entities described
in subsection (c), define clear success metrics for the
quantum sandbox established under subsection (b).
``(e) Coordination.-- The Director shall ensure
coordination and avoid unnecessary duplication of the
activities carried out under this section with existing
activities of the Institute, other activities carried out
under this Act, and other related programs, as
appropriate.''.

SEC. ___14. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE
FOR QUANTUM MANUFACTURING.

(a) Definition of Manufacturing USA Institute.--In this
section, the term ``Manufacturing USA institute'' has the
meaning

[[Page S2949]]

given such term in section 34(d) of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)).
(b) Study Required.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with the
Secretary of Energy and the members of the Subcommittee on
Quantum Information Science and the Subcommittee on the
Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science,
conduct a study on the feasibility of establishing or
supporting a Manufacturing USA institute focused on quantum
manufacturing, including manufacturing capabilities and
activities related to quantum computing (inclusive of all
modalities and qubit architectures), quantum sensing, and
quantum networking.
(c) Considerations.--In conducting the study under
subsection (b), the Director shall, to the maximum extent
practicable--
(1) determine the manufacturing capabilities necessary to
produce reliable quantum components and systems at scale and
identify gaps in access to such capabilities and limited
domestic sources;
(2) evaluate the extent to which such capabilities and gaps
are already addressed, or could reasonably be addressed, by
private industry, existing Manufacturing USA institutes, or
other Federal programs;
(3) evaluate existing Federal and non-Federal efforts
relating to quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum
networking to determine whether any proposed Manufacturing
USA institute would duplicate or overlap with ongoing
activities;
(4) evaluate whether and to what extent barriers to
technology development and transition, including those
associated with moving from early-stage research to scaled
production, are persistent and not already being addressed
through private sector investment or existing Federal
programs;
(5) evaluate the feasibility of supporting domestic
activities that include the capability to design, fabricate,
and test materials, devices, structures, and manufacturing
processes for quantum technologies or systems;
(6) evaluate the full lifecycle costs of establishing,
operating, and sustaining a Manufacturing USA institute for
quantum manufacturing, including long-term Federal funding
requirements, administrative costs, and risks of cost
escalation;
(7) evaluate alternative approaches, including leveraging
existing Manufacturing USA institutes, targeted competitive
grants, public-private partnerships, or other mechanisms that
may more efficiently address identified barriers to
technology development and transition; and
(8) evaluate the estimated economic impact associated with
the establishment of a Manufacturing USA institute described
in subsection (b), including impacts on regional economies,
suppliers, and job growth.
(d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit
to Congress a report describing the findings of the Director
with respect to the study conducted under subsection (b).

SEC. ___15. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION
SCIENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.

Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8841) is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science'';
(2) in subsection (a), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B)--

(I) by striking ``human resources'' and inserting
``education and workforce''; and
(II) by striking ``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology''; and

(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--

(I) in clause (i)--

(aa) by striking ``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(bb) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;

(II) in clause (ii), by inserting ``and'' after the
semicolon; and
(III) by adding at the end the following:

``(iii) to pursue research at the frontiers of quantum
information science, engineering, and technology, and explore
solutions to important challenges for the development and
application of quantum technologies;'';
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(4) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
``(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other
Models.--
``(1) Quantum traineeships.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal
agencies as the Director considers appropriate, may use
existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher
education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof)--
``(A) to provide traineeships to graduate students at
institutions of higher education within the United States who
are citizens of the United States and who choose or plan to
pursue master or doctoral degrees in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, or related fields; and
``(B) to provide such graduate students with opportunities
for research experiences in government or industry related to
such students' quantum studies.
``(2) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.--
``(A) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies as
the Director considers appropriate, may use existing programs
to support fellowships and scholarships for students at
institutions of higher education for the purpose of--
``(i) increasing quantum information science, engineering,
and technology exposure for undergraduate and graduate STEM
students; and
``(ii) increasing postgraduation employment opportunities
for STEM students who demonstrate potential to pursue careers
in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(B) Requirements.--An eligible participant in the
fellowship and scholarship program under this paragraph
shall--
``(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from a STEM degree
program at an institution of higher education within the
United States; and
``(ii) have demonstrated interest in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, such as by taking not
less than 1 quantum science or quantum-relevant course as
part of the participant's degree program or by participating
in a summer school program that focuses on quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(C) Considerations.--Eligible fellowships and scholarship
programs under this paragraph may include temporary quantum-
related positions at Federal or State agencies, National
Laboratories, private sector entities, institutions of higher
education, the quantum centers established under section 202,
the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and
Education established under section 302, the National Quantum
Information Science Research Centers established under
section 402, and the initiatives established under section
503, or other quantum-relevant entities, as determined
appropriate by the Director.
``(D) Competitive awards.--Fellowships and scholarships
awarded under this paragraph shall be competitively awarded
through a merit-based review process. The Director of the
National Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that
include an industry partner that provides financial
assistance to awardees for direct or indirect costs.
``(3) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.--The
Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to
increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate
students by encouraging proposals in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, through the research
experiences for undergraduates provided under section 514 of
the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C.
1862p-6).
``(4) Cooperative education programs.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of
Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, may
establish, or use existing, programs to support cooperative
education programs between institutions of higher education
and employers that increase opportunities for undergraduate
students to acquire experiential learning and professional
experiences in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(5) Partnerships.--In carrying out the activities under
this subsection, the Director of the National Science
Foundation shall encourage recipients of awards under this
subsection to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal
laboratories, industry and other private sector
organizations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the
expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learning
experiences.'';
(5) in subsection (d)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``QISE'' and
inserting ``QISET'';
(B) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``information science and engineering
(referred to in this subsection as `QISE')'' and inserting
``information science, engineering, and technology (referred
to in this subsection as `QISET')'';
(ii) by striking ``at all education levels, including
community colleges'' and inserting ``at appropriate education
levels, including community colleges and career and technical
education entities'';
(C) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``QISE'' and inserting
``quantum information science, engineering, and technology'';
(ii) by striking subparagraph (C);
(iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as
subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively;
(iv) in subparagraph (C), as so redesignated--

(I) by inserting ``, engineering, and technology'' after
``science''; and
(II) by inserting ``, including those principles relevant
to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence,
microelectronics, and nanotechnology'' after ``fields''; and

(v) by inserting after subparagraph (D), as so
redesignated, the following:

[[Page S2950]]

``(E) Methods to introduce security dimensions associated
with quantum information science, engineering, and technology
into STEM curricula.'';
(D) in paragraph (3), by striking ``QISE'' and inserting
``quantum information science, engineering, and technology'';
and
(E) by striking paragraph (4); and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
``(e) International Research on Quantum Information
Science, Engineering, and Technology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and
the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall
support international quantum information science,
engineering, and technology research, as appropriate, to
enhance international cooperation and meet United States
commitments, including as part of the terms and conditions of
bilateral or multilateral quantum information science,
engineering, and technology research agreements.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this subsection, the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure
alignment with the national strategy for quantum information
science in accordance with Executive Order 14073 (87 Fed.
Reg. 27909; relating to enhancing the National Quantum
Initiative Advisory Committee) or successor strategies.
``(3) Priority.--The Director shall prioritize research
programs with countries that have signed a quantum
cooperation statement with the United States.
``(4) Restrictions.--
``(A) Confucius institutes.--None of the funds made
available under this subsection may be obligated or expended
to an institution of higher education that maintains a
contract or agreement between such institution and a
Confucius Institute, as defined in section 10339A of the
Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42
U.S.C. 19039) or any successor of a Confucius Institute.
``(B) Foreign country of concern and foreign entity of
concern.--None of the funds made available under this
subsection may be obligated or expended to promote,
establish, or finance quantum research activities between a
United States entity and a foreign country of concern or
foreign entity of concern, including the entity's
subsidiaries.
``(f) Upgrading and Improving Access to Quantum Research
Resources.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities described
in this section, the Director of the National Science
Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal
departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall award grants
to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit
organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research
facilities and improve access to research resources, such as
equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research
and development in quantum information science, engineering,
and technology.
``(2) Purpose.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be used to
facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research and development, including by carrying
out the following:
``(A) Upgrading or adding research resources to--
``(i) accelerate the development of quantum technologies,
including capabilities focused on addressing the roadblocks
to implementation; and
``(ii) meet the materials, advanced materials development,
high-performance computing, heterogeneous computing,
networking, software, data, clean room, and device needs of
the scientific community and the quantum supply chain.
``(B) Enhancing access to equipment and instrumentation,
including at partnering institutions, by facilitating
information sharing, coordination, education, and training,
including activities that provide meaningful hands-on
learning experiences for students, including at community and
technical colleges.
``(C) Enabling professional staff to support the operation,
scheduling, and improvement of research resources used for
quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(D) Expanding access for industry to quantum research
infrastructure by prioritizing the placement of equipment and
instrumentation in user-access facilities that support rapid
iteration, including regional technology hubs, industry
parks, co-locations operated by institutions of higher
education and industry, and private sector testbeds.
``(3) Requirements.--An institution of higher education or
an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof)
seeking funding under this subsection shall submit to the
Director of the National Science Foundation an application at
such time, in such manner, and containing such information as
the Director may require.''.

SEC. ___16. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH
AND EDUCATION.

Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8842) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``5'' and inserting
``8'';
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and engineering'' and
inserting ``, engineering, and technology, including
leveraging or expanding activities established pursuant to
section 301(d)'';
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, such as commercially
available hardware and software'' after ``resources''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(4) supporting research and development in enabling
fields essential to the advancement of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, including materials
science, fabrication science, and physics;
``(5) encouraging the establishment of multidisciplinary
quantum research and education centers that leverage existing
domestic infrastructure, including data centers and
communications networks, to support the demonstration and
field application of quantum technologies; and
``(6) promoting partnerships with industry to accelerate
technology transfer and support domestic quantum
innovation.'';
(3) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``quantum science,''
and inserting ``quantum information science, engineering, and
technology,'';
(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``biotechnology,''
after ``chemistry,'';
(C) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(D) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(E) by adding at the end the following:
``(F) how the Center will participate in international
collaborations, as appropriate, to build a trusted global
research network with allies and partners of the United
States and other countries that share values with the United
States;
``(G) how the Center will protect research from foreign
countries of concern and foreign entities of concern, and the
subsidiaries of such foreign entities, to ensure the
competitiveness of the United States; and
``(H) how the Center will regularly assess and report on
progress toward achieving self-sustainability, including
metrics, milestones, and a timeline for meeting the long-term
goal described in subparagraph (E).'';
(4) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and
inserting the following:
``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an
additional subsequent period of 5 years following a
successful merit-based review.'';
(5) in subsection (f), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
and inserting ``2026 through 2030''; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
``(g) Consultation With Regional Technology and Innovation
Hubs.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities of the
Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and Education
under this section, the Director of the National Science
Foundation shall consult with the Secretary of Commerce
regarding opportunities for such centers to engage in
research and development activities with regional technology
and innovation hubs designated under section 28 of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.
3722a) that have a primary focus on quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Consultation.--Consultation under paragraph (1) may
include discussion of--
``(A) opportunities to align Federal research priorities
with the research, development, technology translation, and
workforce development activities of the designated regional
technology and innovation hubs; and
``(B) opportunities for researcher exchange programs and
sharing of facilities between the centers and the hubs.
``(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection
shall be construed--
``(A) to transfer the ownership or administrative control
of any research facility; or
``(B) to alter the existing authorities or mission-related
responsibilities of the Federal agencies, companies, or
institutions that own or operate such facilities.
``(h) Briefing Requirements.--Not later than 1 year after
the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative
Reauthorization Act of 2026, and not less frequently than
annually thereafter, the Director of the National Science
Foundation shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress
on current and planned activities under this section. Each
briefing shall include--
``(1) an assessment of how each Center is progressing
toward the goal of self-sustainability described in
subsection (d)(2)(E); and
``(2) a summary of the most recent reports submitted by the
Centers regarding such progress in accordance with subsection
(d)(2)(H).''.

SEC. ___17. QUANTUM TESTBEDS; RESEARCH SECURITY.

Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
8841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 303. QUANTUM TESTBEDS.

``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization
Act of 2026, the Director of the National Science Foundation,
in coordination with the Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as
determined appropriate by the Director of the National
Science Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive,
merit-based review basis to institutions of higher education,
nonprofit organizations, federally funded research and
development centers, or consortia thereof, to establish
testbeds focused on quantum applications.

[[Page S2951]]

``(b) Purposes.--The quantum testbeds established under
subsection (a) shall focus on advancing early-stage quantum
research toward validated and deployable quantum
applications, as determined by the Director of the National
Science Foundation, through proof-of-concept testing,
demonstrations, pilot projects, benchmarking, and
prototyping, by--
``(1) supporting translational quantum research and
development activities for quantum application use cases,
including, for testbeds featuring quantum software and
quantum algorithms driving toward utility, leveraging
approaches such as algorithm innovation and tools such as
resource estimators;
``(2) providing accessible research resources for
developing, testing, and benchmarking the application of
quantum technologies to likely use cases, including enabling
quantum cloud access;
``(3) investing in quantum computing technologies that show
promise for viability, including directing funding to advance
each layer of the stack and related systems engineering and
integration;
``(4) demonstrating feasibility and establishing cost and
benefit to facilitate transition to real-world applications
or agency adoption; and
``(5) supporting the co-location of quantum
instrumentation, fabrication, and enabling technologies
within testbeds and affiliated user-access facilities to
enable rapid prototyping, iteration, and scale-up for
industry.
``(c) Applications.--An applicant for an award under this
section shall submit to the Director of the National Science
Foundation an application at such time, in such manner, and
containing such information as the Director determines to be
necessary to evaluate the application using the criteria
described in subsection (d). The application shall, at a
minimum, describe the following:
``(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce with the
skills needed to operate a quantum testbed.
``(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a
quantum testbed, including for start-ups and research
institutions.
``(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal
funding has ended.
``(4) How the applicant will contribute to the quantum
testbed, such as through funding or other resources required
to develop quantum applications.
``(5) How the applicant will protect any research or
advancements made as a result of using the quantum testbed.
``(6) How the applicant will facilitate transition of
testbed outcomes to subsequent development stages, including
real-world applications or agency use.
``(d) Competitive, Merit-based Review Process.--The
Director of the National Science Foundation shall select
applications submitted under subsection (c) for awards using
a formal merit-based review process that shall--
``(1) ensure that applications selected are the most
technically sound and strategically aligned;
``(2) prioritize applications that demonstrate strong
potential to enhance United States leadership in quantum
applications;
``(3) support initiatives that align with the strategic
goals of the National Science Foundation while avoiding
unnecessary duplication of efforts led by other Federal
agencies;
``(4) facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective
selection process, utilizing qualified subject-matter
experts; and
``(5) include appropriate consideration of application
feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and
risk mitigation.
``(e) Prioritization.--In awarding grants under this
section, the Director of the National Science Foundation
shall prioritize the following:
``(1) Applicants that ensure that not less than 25 percent
of the cost for a quantum testbed established under this
section is provided by private or non-Federal entities,
including through in-kind contributions.
``(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum industry
participation.
``(3) Applicants that demonstrate a plan for transitioning
quantum testbed outcomes, including through partnerships with
industry or Federal agency end-users.
``(f) Roles and Responsibilities.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation shall be responsible for the
following:
``(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each
quantum testbed established under this section.
``(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable
opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be transitioned
to such agencies in alignment with the missions of such
agencies.
``(3) Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of
2026 and every 2 years thereafter until December 31, 2030,
briefing the appropriate committees of Congress on the status
of such quantum testbeds and providing recommendations for
improving such quantum testbeds.
``(g) Coordination.--In supporting quantum testbeds
established under this section, the Director of the National
Science Foundation shall ensure coordination with other
testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting Federal quantum
technology and infrastructure supported by the National
Science Foundation, including those testbeds and facilities
authorized pursuant to section 10390 of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
19110), or by other Federal agencies as determined
appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and
maximize use of Federal resources.
``(h) Stakeholder Collaboration.--In carrying out this
section, the Director of the National Science Foundation
shall collaborate with the Quantum Consortium established
pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish the purposes of the
quantum testbeds program described in subsection (b) and
ensure there is strong collaboration with industry
stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National
Laboratories, federally funded research and development
centers, industry, and other members of the United States
quantum ecosystem.

``SEC. 304. RESEARCH SECURITY.

``(a) Research Security.--The activities authorized under
this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with
subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development,
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).
``(b) Review of Visitors and Assignees From Countries of
Risk.--The Director of the National Science Foundation shall
establish policies and procedures to assess and screen
visitors and assignees to National Science Foundation-
supported facilities that are similar, to the extent
practicable, to the policies and procedures regarding
visitors and assignees to the National Laboratories that were
established in accordance with section 6432 of the
Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (42 U.S.C.
7144b note).''.

SEC. ___18. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY
RESEARCH.

Section 4(a)(1)(A) of the Cyber Security Research and
Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amended by inserting ``,
including post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined
in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity
Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260))''
before the semicolon.

SEC. ___19. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
QUANTUM ACTIVITIES.

(a) In General.--The National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following new title:

``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES

``SEC. 501. DEFINITION OF ADMINISTRATOR.

``In this title, the term `Administrator' means the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.

``SEC. 502. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND
TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.

``(a) In General.--The Administrator is authorized to carry
out research on quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(b) Cooperation.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
Administrator--
``(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the
Department of Energy and other Federal Government agencies,
as practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and
``(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or
memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative
arrangements.
``(c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit
to the appropriate committees of Congress a strategy for
National Aeronautics and Space Administration research on
quantum information science, engineering, and technology. The
strategy shall identify resources required to support
implementation of the strategy, including budgets, workforce,
and infrastructure, describe cooperative efforts with other
Federal Government agencies, and address areas of research
and applications, including the following:
``(1) Quantum sensing.
``(2) Quantum networking.
``(3) Quantum communications, including quantum satellite
communications.
``(4) Quantum computing.
``(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-related
applications.
``(6) Any other area of quantum information, science,
engineering, and technology that furthers the mission of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration and is
consistent with the purposes of this Act, as the
Administrator considers appropriate.
``(d) Consultation.--In developing the strategy described
in subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from
relevant external stakeholders, including institutions of
higher education, industry, and nonprofit research
organizations.

``SEC. 503. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
QUANTUM INITIATIVES.

``(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Administrator, in consultation with the
heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as
appropriate, may establish one or more initiatives focused on
space and aeronautics applications of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(b) Initiative Details.--
``(1) Merit-based review process.--
``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall develop and
implement a formal, merit-based review process for evaluating
proposals, applications, and initiatives submitted to the

[[Page S2952]]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration with respect to
the research, development, or deployment of quantum
technologies with potential relevance to the civil space and
aeronautics missions of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
``(B) Criteria.--The process established under subparagraph
(A) shall be designed--
``(i) to ensure taxpayer dollars are directed to the most
technically sound and strategically aligned quantum
technology proposals;
``(ii) to prioritize applications that demonstrate strong
potential to enhance United States leadership in space-based
quantum applications, including sensing, navigation,
communications, simulation, and computing;
``(iii) to support initiatives that align with the
strategic goals of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration and avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts
led by other Federal agencies;
``(iv) to facilitate a competitive, transparent, and
objective selection process using qualified subject-matter
experts; and
``(v) to include appropriate consideration of project
feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and
risk mitigation.
``(2) Application requirements.--An applicant under this
section shall submit to the Administrator an application at
such time, in such manner, and containing such technical,
programmatic, and budgetary information as the Administrator
determines necessary to evaluate the application through the
review process developed under paragraph (1).
``(3) Eligible applicants.--In carrying out the process
under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider
applications from institutions of higher education, research
centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other
entity the Administrator considers appropriate.
``(4) Collaborations.--A collaboration that receives an
award under this section may include multiple types of
research institutions, including institutions of higher
education, private sector entities, and nonprofit
organizations.
``(5) Coordination and accountability.--The Administrator
shall ensure that an awardee under this section--
``(A) coordinates with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, including by identifying personnel designated
to serve as program liaisons for technical and programmatic
oversight; and
``(B) avoids unnecessary duplication of existing activities
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, other
activities carried out under the National Quantum Initiative
Reauthorization Act of 2026 or the amendments made by that
Act, and other related programs.
``(6) Commercial technology.--An initiative established
under this section may leverage commercially available
hardware and software to carry out the activities described
in subsection (c).
``(c) Initiative Activities.--An initiative established
under this section may carry out activities that--
``(1) support research focused on developing and
demonstrating space, aeronautics, and exploration
applications for quantum information science, engineering,
and technology, including research relating to the strategy
developed under section 502(c); and
``(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and
technology education and public outreach.
``(d) Initiative Requirements.--To the maximum extent
practicable, an initiative established under this section
shall serve the needs of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration for the benefit of the broader United States
quantum information science community, for the purpose of
advancing space and aeronautics applications in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology, and
improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(e) Initiative Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, an initiative established under this section
may carry out activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional
subsequent period of 5 years following a successful merit-
based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
Administrator may terminate the initiative for cause during
the performance period.

``SEC. 504. RESEARCH SECURITY.

``The activities authorized under this title shall be
carried out in a manner consistent with--
``(1) subtitle D of title VI of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231
et seq.); and
``(2) section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life
Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2025 (42 U.S.C. 7144b note; Public Law 118-159).

``SEC. 505. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

``The Administrator shall allocate up to $25,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out this
title, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts
made available to carry out this title shall be derived from
amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.''.

SEC. ___20. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REVIEW AND REPORT.

(a) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United
States shall conduct a review of existing processes and
reporting requirements associated with research and
development programs established within the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Science
Foundation, and the Department of Energy pursuant to the
National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) to
identify potential opportunities--
(1) to reduce duplicative and unnecessary paperwork and
reporting requirements without compromising security,
transparency, and accountability; and
(2) to expedite access to facilities and equipment of the
Federal Government for researchers affiliated with such
programs.
(b) Research and Development Programs Covered.--The review
required under subsection (a) shall cover all research and
development programs established pursuant to sections 201,
302, 402, 403, and 404 of the National Quantum Initiative Act
(15 U.S.C. 8831, 8842, 8852, 8853, and 8854).
(c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after completing the
review under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall
submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation and the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on
the findings of the review, which shall include
recommendations relating to paragraphs (1) and (2) of such
subsection.

SEC. ___21. REVIEW OF REGULATORY BARRIERS TO QUANTUM
INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.

(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
``appropriate committees of Congress'' has the meaning given
such term in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act
(15 U.S.C. 8801).
(2) Quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.--The term ``quantum information science,
engineering, and technology'' has the meaning given such term
in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8801), as amended by section [___2] of this Act.
(b) Review and Assessment Required.--Not later than 540
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
shall, in coordination with the National Quantum Coordination
Office, conduct a review to identify and assess any existing
or potential regulatory barriers that inhibit research,
development, deployment, or scaling of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
(c) Elements.--The review and assessment conducted pursuant
to subsection (b) shall include the following:
(1) An inventory of existing Federal regulations, policies,
and guidance documents that are applicable to quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
(2) An analysis of whether regulations, policies, and
guidance inventoried pursuant to paragraph (1) impose undue
burdens on academic, private sector, or government-led
quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research or development.
(3) Recommendations to modernize, streamline, or eliminate
duplicative or outdated regulatory barriers identified
pursuant to subsection (b).
(4) Input from stakeholders across industry, academia, and
the National Laboratories with respect to such regulatory
barriers.
(5) Recommended actions to harmonize regulatory
requirements relating to quantum information science,
engineering, and technology across Federal agencies where
inconsistencies exist.
(d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date on
which the Director completes the review and assessment
required by subsection (b), the Director shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the
findings and recommendations described in subsection (c).
(e) Quinquennial Updates.--Not later than 5 years after the
date on which the Director completes the review and
assessment required by subsection (b), and every 5 years
thereafter, the Director shall update the review and
assessment required by subsection (b) and submit to the
appropriate congressional committees an updated report
detailing the findings and recommendations of the Director.

SEC. ___22. SUNSET OF NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

(a) Sunset of National Nanotechnology Program.--The
National Nanotechnology Program (in this section referred to
as the ``Program'') and the authorities and requirements of
the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act
(15 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) are terminated on the date that is
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Wind-down.--The Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy shall take such actions as may be necessary
to terminate and wind down the Program before the date
specified in subsection (a).
(c) Plan and Briefing.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy shall provide to the Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and
the Committee on

[[Page S2953]]

Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives a briefing in which the Director shall
present a plan on how the Director will carry out subsection
(b).
(2) Elements.--The plan presented under paragraph (1)
shall--
(A) ensure minimal disruption to ongoing federally funded
research and development activities;
(B) ensure transfer or reassignment of nanotechnology
research infrastructure programs and facilities to minimize
disruption of researcher access to critical tools that
support other national priorities;
(C) provide for the orderly disposition or transfer of
active grants, contracts, and personnel associated with the
National Nanotechnology Coordination Office established under
section 3(a) of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and
Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7502(a));
(D) identify any relevant responsibilities that should be
reassigned to existing programs at the Office of Science and
Technology Policy; and
(E) minimize duplication and ensure fiscal efficiency in
the conclusion of the Program.

SEC. ___23. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.

The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National
Quantum Initiative Act is amended as follows:
(1) By inserting after the item relating to section 105 the
following new items:

``Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.
``Sec. 106. National quantum prize challenges.''.
(2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the
following new items:

``Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum
Centers.
``Sec. 203. Research security.
``Sec. 204. Collaboration For Quantum Application Development
Acceleration.''.
(3) By striking the item relating to section 301 and
inserting the following new item:

``Sec. 301. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research and education program.''.
(4) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the
following new items:

``Sec. 303. Quantum testbeds.
``Sec. 304. Research security.''.
(5) By adding at the end the following new items:

``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES

``Sec. 501. Definition of Administrator.
``Sec. 502. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research for space and aeronautics.
``Sec. 503. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum
initiatives.
``Sec. 504. Research security.
``Sec. 505. Authorization of appropriations.''.
______