[Congressional Bills 108th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 788 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
108th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 788
To enable the United States to maintain its leadership in aeronautics
and aviation.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
April 3, 2003
Mr. Hollings (for himself, Mr. Brownback, Mr. Rockefeller, Mr. Inouye,
Ms. Cantwell and Mr. Kerry) introduced the following bill; which was
read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science and
Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To enable the United States to maintain its leadership in aeronautics
and aviation.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF SECTIONS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Second Century of
Flight Act''.
(b) Table of Sections.--The table of sections for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of sections.
Sec. 2. Findings.
TITLE I--THE OFFICE OF AEROSPACE AND AVIATION LIAISON
Sec. 101. Office of Aerospace and Aviation Liaison.
Sec. 102. National Air Traffic Management System Development
Office.
Sec. 103. Report on certain market developments and government
policies.
TITLE II--TECHNICAL PROGRAMS
Sec. 201. Aerospace workforce initiative.
Sec. 202. Scholarships for service.
TITLE III--FAA RESEARCH, ENGINEERING, AND DEVELOPMENT
Sec. 301. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 302. Research program to improve airfield pavements.
Sec. 303. Ensuring appropriate standards for airfield
pavements.
Sec. 304. Assessment of wake turbulence research and
development program.
Sec. 305. Cabin air quality research program.
Sec. 306. International role of the FAA.
Sec. 307. FAA report on other nations' safety and technological
advancements.
Sec. 308. Development of analytical tools and certification
methods.
Sec. 309. Pilot program to provide incentives for development
of new technologies.
Sec. 310. FAA center for excellence for applied research and
training in the use of advanced materials
in transport aircraft.
Sec. 311. FAA certification of design organizations.
Sec. 312. Report on long term environmental improvements.
TITLE IV--NASA RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND DEVELOPMENT
Sec. 401. NASA aeronautics research plan.
Sec. 402. Assessment of NASA research plan.
Sec. 403. Study of markets enabled by environmental
technologies for future aircraft.
Sec. 404. Vehicle-enabling technology program.
Sec. 405. Aviation software initiatives.
Sec. 406. Weather sensors and prediction.
Sec. 407. Advisory committees.
Sec. 408. National Center for Advanced Materials Performance.
Sec. 409. Unified budget report.
Sec. 410. Cost-sharing.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
The Congress finds the following:
(1) Since 1990, the United States has lost more than
600,000 aerospace jobs.
(2) Over the last year, approximately 100,000 airline
workers and aerospace workers have lost their jobs as a result
of the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11,
2001, and the slowdown in the world economy.
(3) The United States has revolutionized the way people
travel, developing new technologies and aircraft to move people
more efficiently and more safely.
(4) Past Federal investment in aeronautics research and
development have benefited the economy and national security of
the United States and the quality of life of its citizens.
(5) The total impact of civil aviation on the United States
economy exceeds $900 billion annually--9 percent of the gross
national product--and 11 million jobs in the national
workforce. Civil aviation products and services generate a
significant surplus for United States trade accounts, and
amount to significant numbers of America's highly skilled,
technologically qualified work force.
(6) Aerospace technologies, products and services underpin
the advanced capabilities of our men and women in uniform and
those charged with homeland security.
(7) Future growth in civil aviation increasingly will be
constrained by concerns related to aviation system safety and
security, aviation system capabilities, aircraft noise,
emissions, and fuel consumption.
(8) The United States is in danger of losing its aerospace
leadership to international competitors aided by persistent
government intervention. Many governments take their funding
beyond basic technology development, choosing to fund product
development and often bring the product to market, even if the
products are not fully commercially viable. Moreover,
international competitors have recognized the importance of
noise, emission, fuel consumption, and constraints of the
aviation system and have established aggressive agendas for
addressing each of these concerns.
(9) Efforts by the European Union, through a variety of
means, will challenge the United States' leadership position in
aerospace. A recent report outlined the European Union's goal
of becoming the world's leader in aviation and aeronautics by
the end of 2020, utilizing better coordination among research
programs, planning, and funding to accomplish this goal.
(10) Revitalization and coordination of the United States'
efforts to maintain its leadership in aviation and aeronautics
are critical and must begin now.
(11) A recent report by the Commission on the Future of the
United States Aerospace Industry outlined the scope of the
problems confronting the aerospace and aviation industries in
the United States and found that--
(A) Aerospace will be at the core of America's
leadership and strength throughout the 21st century;
(B) Aerospace will play an integral role in our
economy, our security, and our mobility; and
(C) global leadership in aerospace is a national
imperative.
(12) Despite the downturn in the global economy, Federal
Aviation Administration projections indicate that upwards of 1
billion people will fly annually by 2013. Efforts must begin
now to prepare for future growth in the number of airline
passengers.
(13) The United States must increase its investment in
research and development to revitalize the aviation and
aerospace industries, to create jobs, and to provide
educational assistance and training to prepare workers in those
industries for the future.
(14) Current and projected levels of Federal investment in
aeronautics research and development are not sufficient to
address concerns related to the growth of aviation.
TITLE I--THE OFFICE OF AEROSPACE AND AVIATION LIAISON
SEC. 101. OFFICE OF AEROSPACE AND AVIATION LIAISON.
(a) Establishment.--There is established within the Department of
Transportation an Office of Aerospace and Aviation Liaison.
(b) Function.--The Office shall--
(1) coordinate aviation and aeronautics research programs
to achieve the goal of more effective and directed programs
that will result in applicable research;
(2) coordinate goals and priorities and coordinate research
activities within the Federal Government with United States
aviation and aeronautical firms;
(3) coordinate the development and utilization of new
technologies to ensure that when available, they may be used to
their fullest potential in aircraft and in the air traffic
control system;
(4) facilitate the transfer of technology from research
programs such as the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration program established under section 401 and the
Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency program
to Federal agencies with operational responsibilities and to
the private sector;
(5) review activities relating to noise, emissions, fuel
consumption, and safety conducted by Federal agencies,
including the Federal Aviation Administration, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of
Commerce, and the Department of Defense;
(6) review aircraft operating procedures intended to reduce
noise and emissions, identify and coordinate research efforts
on aircraft noise and emissions reduction, and ensure that
aircraft noise and emissions reduction regulatory measures are
coordinated; and
(7) work with the National Air Traffic Management System
Development Office to coordinate research needs and
applications for the next generation air traffic management
system.
(c) Public-Private Participation.--In carrying out its functions
under this section, the Office shall consult with, and ensure
participation by, the private sector (including representatives of
general aviation, commercial aviation, and the space industry), members
of the public, and other interested parties.
(d) Reporting Requirements.--
(1) Initial status report.--Not later than 90 days after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
Transportation shall submit a report to the Senate Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of
Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
on the status of the establishment of the Office of Aerospace
and Aviation Liaison, including the name of the program
manager, the list of staff from each participating department
or agency, names of the national team participants, and the
schedule for future actions.
(2) Plan.--The Office shall submit to the Senate Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of
Representatives Committee on Science a plan for implementing
paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) and a proposed budget
for implementing the plan.
(3) Annual Report.--The Office shall submit to the Senate
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the House
of Representatives Committee on Transportation and
Infrastructure, and the House of Representatives Committee on
Science an annual report that--
(A) contains a unified budget that combines the
budgets of each program coordinated by the Office; and
(B) describes the coordination activities of the
Office during the preceding year.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation $2,000,000 for fiscal
years 2004 and 2005 to carry out this section, such sums to remain
available until expended.
SEC. 102. NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OFFICE.
(a) Establishment.--There is established within the Federal
Aviation Administration a National Air Traffic Management System
Development Office, the head of which shall report directly to the
Administrator.
(b) Development of Next Generation Air Traffic Management System.--
(1) In General.--The Office shall develop a next generation
air traffic management system plan for the United States that
will--
(A) transform the national airspace system to meet
air transportation mobility, efficiency, and capacity
needs beyond those currently included in the Federal
Aviation Administration's operational evolution plan;
(B) result in a national airspace system that can
safely and efficiently accommodate the needs of all
users;
(C) build upon current air traffic management and
infrastructure initiatives;
(D) improve the security, safety, quality, and
affordability of aviation services;
(E) utilize a system-of-systems, multi-agency
approach to leverage investments in civil aviation,
homeland security, and national security;
(F) develop a highly integrated, secure
architecture to enable common situational awareness for
all appropriate system users; and
(G) ensure seamless global operations for system
users, to the maximum extent possible.
(2) Multi-agency and stakeholder involvement.--In
developing the system, the Office shall--
(A) include staff from the Federal Aviation
Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, the Department of Homeland Security,
the Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce,
and other Federal agencies and departments determined
by the Secretary of Transportation to have an important
interest in, or responsibility for, other aspects of
the system; and
(B) consult with, and ensure participation by, the
private sector (including representatives of general
aviation, commercial aviation, and the space industry),
members of the public, and other interested parties.
(3) Development criteria and requirements.--In developing
the next generation air traffic management system plan under
paragraph (1), the Office shall--
(A) develop system performance requirements;
(B) select an operational concept to meet system
performance requirements for all system users;
(C) ensure integration of civil and military system
requirements, balancing safety, security, and
efficiency, in order to leverage Federal funding;
(D) utilize modeling, simulation, and analytical
tools to quantify and validate system performance and
benefits;
(E) develop a transition plan, including necessary
regulatory aspects, that ensures operational
achievability for system operators;
(F) develop transition requirements for ongoing
modernization programs, if necessary;
(G) develop a schedule for aircraft equipment
implementation and appropriate benefits and incentives
to make that schedule achievable; and
(H) assess, as part of its function within the
Office of Aeronautical and Aviation Liaison, the
technical readiness of appropriate research
technological advances for integration of such research
and advances into the plan.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration $300,000,000 for the period beginning with fiscal year
2004 and ending with fiscal year 2010 to carry out this section.
SEC. 103. REPORT ON CERTAIN MARKET DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNMENT
POLICIES.
Within 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Department of Transportation's Office of Aerospace and Aviation
liaison, in cooperation with appropriate Federal agencies, shall submit
to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the
House of Representatives Committee on Science, and the House of
Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure a report
about market developments and government policies influencing the
competitiveness of the United States jet transport aircraft industry
that--
(1) describes the structural characteristics of the United
States and the European Union jet transport industries, and the
markets for these industries;
(2) examines the global market factors affecting the jet
transport industries in the United States and the European
Union, such as passenger and freight airline purchasing
patterns, the rise of low-cost carriers and point-to-point
service, the evolution of new market niches, and direct and
indirect operating cost trends;
(3) reviews government regulations in the United States and
the European Union that have altered the competitive landscape
for jet transport aircraft, such as airline deregulation,
certification and safety regulations, noise and emissions
regulations, government research and development programs,
advances in air traffic control and other infrastructure
issues, corporate and air travel tax issues, and industry
consolidation strategies;
(4) analyzes how changes in the global market and
government regulations have affected the competitive position
of the United States aerospace and aviation industry vis-a-vis
the European Union aerospace and aviation industry; and
(5) describes any other significant developments that
affect the market for jet transport aircraft.
TITLE II--TECHNICAL PROGRAMS
SEC. 201. AEROSPACE WORKFORCE INITIATIVE.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration shall establish a joint program of competitive, merit-
based, multi-year grants for eligible applicants to increase the number
of students studying toward and completing technical training programs,
certificate programs, and associate's, bachelor's, master's, or
doctorate degrees in fields related to aerospace.
(b) Increased Participation Goal.--In selecting projects under this
paragraph, the Director shall strive to increase the number of students
studying toward and completing technical training and apprenticeship
programs, certificate programs, and associate's or bachelor's degrees
in fields related to aerospace who are individuals identified in
section 33 or 34 of the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act
(42 U.S.C. 1885a or 1885b).
(c) Supportable Projects.--The types of projects the Administrators
may support under this paragraph include those that promote high
quality--
(1) interdisciplinary teaching;
(2) undergraduate-conducted research;
(3) mentor relationships for students;
(4) graduate programs;
(5) bridge programs that enable students at community
colleges to matriculate directly into baccalaureate aerospace
related programs;
(6) internships, including mentoring programs, carried out
in partnership with the aerospace and aviation industry;
(7) technical training and apprenticeship that prepares
students for careers in aerospace manufacturing or operations;
and
(8) innovative uses of digital technologies, particularly
at institutions of higher education that serve high numbers or
percentages of economically disadvantaged students.
(d) 50 Percent Federal Share.--Not less than 50 percent of the
publicly financed costs associated with eligible activities shall come
from non-Federal sources. Matching contributions may not be derived,
directly or indirectly, from Federal funds. The Administrators shall
endeavor to minimize the Federal share, taking into account the
differences in fiscal capacity of eligible applicants.
(e) Grantee Requirements.--
(1) Targets.--In order to receive a grant under this
section, an eligible applicant shall establish targets to
increase the number of students studying toward and completing
technical training and apprenticeship programs, certificate
programs, and associate's or bachelor's degrees in fields
related to aerospace.
(2) Grant period.--A grant under this section shall be
awarded for a period of 5 years, with the final 2 years of
funding contingent on the Director's determination that
satisfactory progress has been made by the grantee toward
meeting the targets established under paragraph (1).
(3) Community college rule.--In the case of community
colleges, a student who transfers to a baccalaureate program,
or receives a certificate under an established certificate
program, in science, mathematics, engineering, or technology
shall be counted toward meeting a target established under
paragraph (1).
(f) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Eligible applicant defined.--The term ``eligible
applicant'' means--
(A) an institution of higher education;
(B) a consortium of institutions of higher
education; or
(C) a partnership between--
(i) an institution of higher education or a
consortium of such institutions; and
(ii) a nonprofit organization, a State or
local government, or a private company, with
demonstrated experience and effectiveness in
aerospace education.
(2) Institution of higher education.--The term
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given that
term by subsection (a) of section 101 of the Higher Education
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)), and includes an institution
described in subsection (b) of that section.
(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) NASA.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2004 and $7,000,000
for fiscal year 2005 to carry out this section, such sums to
remain available until expended.
(2) FAA.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration $5,000,000
for fiscal year 2004 and $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 to
carry out this section, such sums to remain available until
expended.
SEC. 202. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR SERVICE.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration may provide loans of up to $5,000 per year to fulltime
students enrolled in an undergraduate or post-graduate program leading
to an advanced degree in an aerospace related field of endeavor.
(b) Limitation.--An individual may not receive a loan under
subsection (a) for more than 5 different years of study.
(c) Forgiveness for Service.--The Administrators may forgive the
repayment of principal and interest on any loan made under subsection
(a) to an individual at the rate of 1 year's loan forgiveness for each
12-month period of service by that individual as a United States
government employee in an aerospace related field of employment
commencing after that individual completes the graduate program for
which the loan was made.
(d) Internships.--The Administrators may provide temporary
internships to recipients of loans under subsection (a), but any period
of service as such an intern shall not be taken into account for
purposes of subsection (c).
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) NASA.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2004 and $10,000,000
for fiscal year 2005 to carry out this section, such sums to
remain available until expended.
(2) FAA.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration $7,000,000
for fiscal year 2004 and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 to
carry out this section, such sums to remain available until
expended.
TITLE III--FAA RESEARCH, ENGINEERING, AND DEVELOPMENT
SEC. 301. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) Amounts Authorized.--Section 48102(a) of title 49, United
States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (7);
(2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (8) and
inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(9) for fiscal year 2004, $289,000,000, including--
``(A) $200,000,000 to improve aviation safety,
including icing, crashworthiness, and aging aircraft;
``(B) $18,000,000 to improve the efficiency of the
air traffic control system;
``(C) $27,000,000 to reduce the environmental
impact of aviation;
``(D) $16,000,000 to improve the efficiency of
mission support; and
``(E) $28,000,000 to improve the durability and
maintainability of advanced material structures in
transport airframe structures;
``(10) for fiscal year 2005, $304,000,000, including--
``(A) $211,000,000 to improve aviation safety;
``(B) $19,000,000 to improve the efficiency of the
air traffic control system;
``(C) $28,000,000 to reduce the environmental
impact of aviation;
``(D) $17,000,000 to improve the efficiency of
mission support; and
``(E) $29,000,000 to improve the durability and
maintainability of advanced material structures in
transport airframe structures; and
``(11) for fiscal year 2006, $317,000,000, including--
``(A) $220,000,000 to improve aviation safety;
``(B) $20,000,000 to improve the efficiency of the
air traffic control system;
``(C) $29,000,000 to reduce the environmental
impact of aviation;
``(D) $18,000,000 to improve the efficiency of
mission support; and
``(E) $30,000,000 to improve the durability and
maintainability of advanced material structures in
transport airframe structures.''.
SEC. 302. RESEARCH PROGRAM TO IMPROVE AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS.
The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall
continue the program to consider awards to nonprofit concrete and
asphalt pavement research foundations to improve the design,
construction, rehabilitation, and repair of rigid concrete airfield
pavements to aid in the development of safer, more cost-effective, and
more durable airfield pavements. The Administrator may use grants or
cooperative agreements in carrying out this section. Nothing in this
section requires the Administrator to prioritize an airfield pavement
research program above safety, security, Flight 21, environment, or
energy research programs.
SEC. 303. ENSURING APPROPRIATE STANDARDS FOR AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration shall review and determine whether the Federal Aviation
Administration's standards used to determine the appropriate thickness
for asphalt and concrete airfield pavements are in accordance with the
Federal Aviation Administration's standard 20-year-life requirement
using the most up-to-date available information on the life of airfield
pavements. If the Administrator determines that such standards are not
in accordance with that requirement, the Administrator shall make
appropriate adjustments to the Federal Aviation Administration's
standards for airfield pavements.
(b) Report.--Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act,
the Administrator shall report the results of the review conducted
under subsection (a) and the adjustments, if any, made on the basis of
that review to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure.
SEC. 304. ASSESSMENT OF WAKE TURBULENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM.
(a) Assessment.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration shall enter into an arrangement with the National
Research Council for an assessment of the Federal Aviation
Administration's proposed wake turbulence research and development
program. The assessment shall include--
(1) an evaluation of the research and development goals and
objectives of the program;
(2) a listing of any additional research and development
objectives that should be included in the program;
(3) any modifications that will be necessary for the
program to achieve the program's goals and objectives on
schedule and within the proposed level of resources; and
(4) an evaluation of the roles, if any, that should be
played by other Federal agencies, such as the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, in wake turbulence research and
development, and how those efforts could be coordinated.
(b) Report.--A report containing the results of the assessment
shall be provided to the Committee on Science of the House of
Representatives and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration $500,000 for fiscal year 2004 to carry out this section.
SEC. 305. CABIN AIR QUALITY RESEARCH PROGRAM.
In accordance with the recommendation of the National Academy of
Sciences in its report entitled ``The Airliner Cabin Environment and
the Health of Passengers and Crew'', the Federal Aviation
Administration shall establish a research program to address questions
about improving cabin air quality of aircraft, including methods to
limit airborne diseases.
SEC. 306. INTERNATIONAL ROLE OF THE FAA.
Section 40101(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
adding at the end the following:
``(8) Exercising leadership with the Administrator's
foreign counterparts, in the International Civil Aviation
Organization and its subsidiary organizations, and other
international organizations and fora, and with the private
sector to promote and achieve global improvements in the
safety, efficiency, and environmental effect of air travel.''.
SEC. 307. FAA REPORT ON OTHER NATIONS' SAFETY AND TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENTS.
The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall
review aviation and aeronautical safety, and research funding and
technological actions in other countries. The Administrator shall
submit a report to the Committee on Science of the House of
Representatives and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate, together with any recommendations as to
how such activities might be utilized in the United States.
SEC. 308. DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL TOOLS AND CERTIFICATION METHODS.
The Federal Aviation Administration shall conduct research to
promote the development of analytical tools to improve existing
certification methods and to reduce the overall costs for the
certification of new products.
SEC. 309. PILOT PROGRAM TO PROVIDE INCENTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
TECHNOLOGIES.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration may conduct a limited pilot program to provide operating
incentives to users of the airspace for the deployment of new
technologies, including technologies to facilitate expedited flight
routing and sequencing of take-offs and landings.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator $500,000 for fiscal year 2004.
SEC. 310. FAA CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE FOR APPLIED RESEARCH AND TRAINING
IN THE USE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS IN TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration shall develop a Center for Excellence focused on applied
research and training on the durability and maintainability of advanced
materials in transport airframe structures, including the use of
polymeric composites in large transport aircraft. The Center shall--
(1) promote and facilitate collaboration among academia,
the Federal Aviation Administration's Transportation Division,
and the commercial aircraft industry, including manufacturers,
commercial air carriers, and suppliers; and
(2) establish goals set to advance technology, improve
engineering practices, and facilitate continuing education in
relevant areas of study.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator $500,000 for fiscal year 2004 to
carry out this section.
SEC. 311. FAA CERTIFICATION OF DESIGN ORGANIZATIONS.
(a) General Authority to Issue Certificates.--Section 44702(a) is
amended by inserting ``design organization certificates,'' after
``airman certificates,''.
(b) Design Organization Certificates.--
(1) In general.--Section 44704 is amended--
(A) by striking the section heading and inserting
the following:
``Sec. 44704. Design organization certificates, type certificates,
production certificate, and airworthiness
certificates'';
(B) by redesignating subsections (a) through (d) as
subsections (b) through (e);
(C) by inserting before subsection (b) the
following:
``(a) Design Organization Certificates.--
``(1) Plan.--Within 1 year after the date of enactment of
the Second Century of Flight Act, the Administrator of the
Federal Aviation Administration shall submit a plan to the
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and
the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and
Infrastructure for the development and oversight of a system
for certification of design organizations under paragraph (2).
``(2) Implementation of plan.--Within 5 years after the
date of enactment of the Second Century of Flight Act, the
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may
commence the issuance of design organization certificates under
paragraph (3) to authorize design organizations to certify
compliance with the requirements and minimum standards
prescribed under section 44701(a) for the type certification of
aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, or appliances.
``(3) Issuance of certificates.--On receiving an
application for a design organization certificate, the
Administrator shall examine and rate the design organization in
accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Administrator
to determine that the design organization has adequate
engineering, design, and testing capabilities, standards, and
safeguards to ensure that the product being certificated is
properly designed and manufactured, performs properly, and
meets the regulations and minimum standards prescribed under
that section. The Administrator shall include in a design
organization certificate terms required in the interest of
safety.'';
(D) by striking subsection (b), as redesignated,
and inserting the following:
``(b) Type Certificates.--
``(1) In general.--The Administrator may issue a type
certificate for an aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller, or
for an appliance specified under paragraph (2)(A) of this
subsection--
``(A) when the Administrator finds that the
aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller, or appliance
is properly designed and manufactured, performs
properly, and meets the regulations and minimum
standards prescribed under section 44701(a) of this
title; or
``(B) based on a certification of compliance made
by a design organization certificated under subsection
(a).
``(2) Investigation and hearing.--On receiving an
application for a type certificate not accompanied by a
certification of compliance made by a design organization
certificated under subsection (a), the Administrator shall
investigate the application and may conduct a hearing. The
Administrator shall make, or require the applicant to make,
tests the Administrator considers necessary in the interest of
safety.''.
(c) Reinspection and Reexamination.--Section 44709(a) is amended by
inserting ``design organization, production certificate holder,'' after
``appliance,''.
(d) Prohibitions.--Section 44711(a)(7) is amended by striking
``agency'' and inserting ``agency, design organization certificate, ''.
(e) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) Chapter analysis.--The chapter analysis for chapter 447
is amended by striking the item relating to section 44704 and
inserting the following:
``44704. Design organization certificates, type certificates,
production certificate, and airworthiness
certificates''.
(2) Cross reference.--Section 44715(a)(3) is amended by
striking ``44704(a)'' and inserting ``44704(b)''.
SEC. 312. REPORT ON LONG TERM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration, in consultation with the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration and the head of the Department of
Transportation's Office of Aerospace and Aviation Liaison, shall
conduct a study of ways to reduce aircraft noise and emissions and to
increase aircraft fuel efficiency. The study shall--
(1) explore new operational procedures for aircraft to
achieve those goals;
(2) identify both near term and long term options to
achieve those goals;
(3) identify infrastructure changes that would contribute
to attainment of those goals;
(4) identify emerging technologies that might contribute to
attainment of those goals;
(5) develop a research plan for application of such
emerging technologies, including new combuster and engine
design concepts and methodologies for designing high bypass
ratio turbofan engines so as to minimize the effects on climate
change per unit of production of thrust and flight speed; and
(6) develop an implementation plan for exploiting such
emerging technologies to attain those goals.
(b) Report.--The Administrator shall transmit a report on the study
to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and
the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and
Infrastructure within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration $500,000 for fiscal year 2004 to carry out this section.
TITLE IV--NASA RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND DEVELOPMENT
SEC. 401. NASA AERONAUTICS RESEARCH PLAN.
(a) In General.--Within 6 months after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration shall transmit an aeronautics research and development
plan to the Committee of Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
Senate and the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives
setting forth the research goals and funding needs over the next 10
years that will allow the United States to continue its lead in
commercial aviation.
(b) Specific Areas of Research Required.--The plan shall include
research on--
(1) enabling commercial aircraft to achieve noise levels on
takeoff and on airport approach and landing that do not exceed
ambient noise levels in the absence of flight operations in the
vicinity of airports from which such commercial aircraft would
normally operate;
(2) enabling commercial aircraft to achieve significant
improvement in fuel efficiency, including specific fuel
consumption, lift-to-drag ratio, and structural weight
fraction, compared to aircraft in commercial service as of the
date of enactment of this Act;
(3) enabling commercial aircraft to reduce emissions for
nitrogen oxides to less than 5 grams per kilogram of fuel
burned and to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions;
(4) technologies that will result in rotorcraft that, when
compared to rotorcraft operating as of the date of enactment of
this Act, will exhibit--
(A) an 80 percent reduction in noise levels on
takeoff and on approach and landing as perceived by a
human observer;
(B) a 10 percent reduction in vibration;
(C) a 30 percent reduction in empty weight;
(D) a predicted accident rate equivalent to that of
fixed-wing aircraft in commercial service;
(E) the capability for zero-ceiling, zero-
visibility operations; and
(F) operating noise levels that meet the conditions
and noise limitations imposed by the Administrator of
the Federal Aviation Administration under section 40128
of title 49, United States Code, for overflights of
national parks;
(5) the development of a supersonic civil transport with--
(A) an operating speed of at least Mach 1.6;
(B) a range of at least 4,000 nautical miles;
(C) a payload of at least 150 passengers;
(D) a lift-to-drag ratio of at least 9.0;
(E) noise levels on takeoff and on airport approach
and landing that meet community noise standards in
place at airports from which such commercial supersonic
aircraft would normally operate at the time the
aircraft would enter commercial service;
(F) an N-shaped signature sonic boom peak
overpressure of less than 1.0 pounds per square foot;
(G) nitrogen oxide emissions of less than 15 grams
per kilogram of fuel burned; and
(H) water vapor emissions for stratospheric flight
of no greater than 1,400 grams per kilogram of fuel
burned; and
(6) other technologies which would improve United States
aeronautics, including powered lift.
(c) Public-Private Participation; Coordination.--In developing the
plan, the Administrator shall consult with representatives of the
United States aviation and aerospace industry and with the Office of
Aerospace and Aviation Liaison of the Department of Transportation.
(d) DOT To Coordinate Research.--Any research undertaken pursuant
to the plan shall be coordinated with the Office of Aerospace and
Aviation Liaison of the Department of Transportation.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation $500,000 for each of
fiscal years 2004 and 2005 to carry out this section.
SEC 402. ASSESSMENT OF NASA RESEARCH PLAN.
(a) Assessment.--In order to ensure that the United States retains
needed capabilities in fundamental aerodynamics and other areas of
fundamental aeronautics research, the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration shall enter into an arrangement
with the National Research Council for an assessment of the Aeronautics
Research Plan developed under section 401 and the United States' future
requirements for fundamental aeronautics research and needs for a
skilled research workforce and research facilities commensurate with
those requirements. The assessment shall include--
(1) an identification of any projected gaps; and
(2) recommendations for what steps should be taken by the
United States to eliminate those gaps.
(b) Report.--The Administrator shall transmit the assessment
described in subsection (a), along with the Administration's response
to the assessment, to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate and to the Committee on Science of the
House of Representatives not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator $500,000 for fiscal year 2004 to
carry out this section.
SEC. 403. STUDY OF MARKETS ENABLED BY ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR
FUTURE AIRCRAFT.
(a) Objective.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration shall conduct a study to identify and quantify new
markets that would be created, as well as existing markets that would
be expanded, by the incorporation of the technologies developed
pursuant to section 401 into future commercial aircraft. As part of the
study, the Administrator shall identify whether any of the performance
characteristics specified in section 401(a) would need to be made more
stringent in order to create new markets or expand existing markets.
The Administrator shall seek input from at least the aircraft
manufacturing industry, academia, and the airlines in carrying out the
study.
(b) Report.--A report containing the results of the study shall be
provided to the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives
and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
Senate within 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration $500,000 to carry out this section.
SEC. 404. VEHICLE-ENABLING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration shall--
(1) redesignate the Administration's vehicle systems
program as the vehicle-enabling technologies program; and
(2) broaden the scope of the program--
(A) to include cooperative efforts with aviation
airframe, engine, avionics, and aircraft systems
manufacturers to develop technologies that--
(i) will enable manufacturers to design,
produce, and gain Federal Aviation
Administration certification of innovative
technologies that bring new capabilities to
aircraft types currently being produced; and
(ii) will foster innovative capabilities
and designs for future air vehicles and
systems; and
(B) to include a thorough assessment of the full
range of technology needs, from general aviation
aircraft through supersonic vehicles, that might be
adopted by airlines or corporate aviation.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator $5,000,000,000 for the period
beginning with fiscal year 2004 and ending with fiscal year 2010 to
carry out this section.
SEC. 405. AVIATION SOFTWARE INITIATIVES.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration shall undertake the development of innovative
software-validation technologies--
(1) to assist avionics and airframe manufacturers in
demonstrating to the Federal Aviation Administration that their
software-related products meet the accuracy, integrity, and
reliability goals established by the Federal Aviation
Administration for certification; and
(2) for software employed in the air traffic management
system.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator $350,000,000 for the period beginning
with fiscal year 2004 and ending with fiscal year 2010 to carry out
this section.
SEC. 406. WEATHER SENSORS AND PREDICTION.
(a) In General.--In order to enhance the accuracy of weather
predictions for the surface and the atmosphere up to 18,000 feet,
especially in rural areas, the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, in conjunction with the
Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
shall increase research by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration into satellite sensors of wind speed, wind direction,
temperature, dew point, and other low and middle-altitude weather
phenomena.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator $100,000,000 for the period beginning
with fiscal year 2004 and ending with fiscal year 2010 to carry out
this section.
SEC. 407. ADVISORY COMMITTEES.
It is the sense of the Congress that, in continuing to assess the
applicability of its programs to aerospace industry needs, the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
should--
(1) make full use of the Administration's advisory
committees, especially the Aerospace Technology Advisory
Committee; and
(2) through that committee ensure that the Administration
has aligned advisory committee subcommittees to reflect the
focus of each of its programs and strategic goals.
SEC. 408. NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCED MATERIALS PERFORMANCE.
(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration shall develop a National Center for Advanced
Materials Performance focused on shared-database methodologies
addressing material, structural, manufacturing, and repair processes
for use of advanced materials in commercial and military applications.
The Center shall--
(1) be established on the basis of previous experience in
advanced materials research and the provision of materials data
and information to the aviation industry;
(2) promote and facilitate coordination between the Federal
Aviation Administration and the aerospace and aviation industry
which includes airframe manufacturers and material suppliers;
(3) establish goals to promote data sharing among multiple
aerospace users and reduce testing via increased capability and
use of numerical and analytical simulation tools; and
(4) enable the latest advanced material forms to be used
cost-effectively on past and future aircraft.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Administrator $35,000,000 for the period beginning
with fiscal year 2004 and ending with fiscal year 2010 to carry out
this section.
SEC. 409. UNIFIED BUDGET REPORT.
The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration shall submit to the Senate Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation, the House of Representatives Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure, and the House of Representatives
Committee on Science an annual report that contains a unified budget
that combines the budgets of each program coordinated by the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
SEC. 410. COST-SHARING.
The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration shall prescribe guidelines to provide for consideration
of the fair market value of background technologies as in-kind
contributions by non Federal government participants in cost-shared
projects administered by the Administrator. The Administrator shall use
the authority of the Administration to the fullest to implement the
guidelines in a manner that reduces program costs and increases the
flow of innovative technology between the private sector and the
Administration's programs and projects.
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