II
110th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 1036
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
March 29, 2007
Mr. Brownback (for himself, Ms. Landrieu, Mr. Allard, Mr. Bunning, Mr. Burr, Mr. Chambliss, Mr. Coburn, Mr. Corker, Mr. Cornyn, Mr. Crapo, Mr. DeMint, Mrs. Dole, Mr. Domenici, Mr. Ensign, Mr. Enzi, Mr. Graham, Mr. Grassley, Mr. Hagel, Mr. Inhofe, Mr. Kyl, Mr. Lott, Mr. McCain, Mr. Martinez, Mr. Sessions, Mr. Thomas, Mr. Thune, Mr. Vitter, and Mr. Voinovich) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
A BILL
To amend the Public Health Service Act to prohibit human cloning.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the
Human Cloning Prohibition Act of
2007
.
Prohibition on human cloning
Part H of title IV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 289 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
Prohibition on human cloning
Definitions
In this section:
Human cloning
The term human cloning means human asexual reproduction, accomplished by introducing nuclear material from one or more human somatic cells into a fertilized or unfertilized oocyte whose nuclear material has been removed or inactivated so as to produce a living organism (at any stage of development) that is genetically virtually identical to an existing or previously existing human organism.
Asexual reproduction
The term asexual reproduction means reproduction not initiated by the union of oocyte and sperm.
Somatic cell
The term somatic cell means a diploid cell (having a complete set of chromosomes) obtained or derived from a living or deceased human body at any stage of development.
Prohibition
It shall be unlawful for any person or entity, public or private, in or affecting interstate commerce, knowingly—
to perform or attempt to perform human cloning;
to participate in an attempt to perform human cloning; or
to ship or receive for any purpose an embryo produced by human cloning or any product derived from such embryo.
Importation
It shall be unlawful for any person or entity, public or private, knowingly to import for any purpose an embryo produced by human cloning.
Penalties
Criminal penalty
Any person or entity that violates this section shall be fined or imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.
Civil penalty
Any person or entity that violates any provision of this section shall be subject to, in the case of a violation that involves the derivation of a pecuniary gain, a civil penalty of not less than $1,000,000 and not more than an amount equal to the amount of the gross gain multiplied by 2, if that amount is greater than $1,000,000.
Scientific research
Nothing in this section restricts areas of scientific research not specifically prohibited by this section, including research in the use of nuclear transfer or other cloning techniques to produce molecules, DNA, cells other than human embryos, tissues, organs, plants, or animals other than humans.
.
Study by Government Accountability Office
In general
The Government Accountability Office shall conduct a study to assess the need for amendment of the prohibition on human cloning, as defined in section 498D(a) of the Public Health Service Act, as added by section 2, which study should include—
a discussion of new developments in medical technology concerning human cloning and somatic cell nuclear transfer, the need (if any) for somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce medical advances, current public attitudes and prevailing ethical views concerning the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer, and potential legal implications of research in somatic cell nuclear transfer; and
a review of any technological developments that may require that technical changes be made to section 498D of the Public Health Service Act.
Report
The Government Accountability Office shall transmit to Congress, not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act, a report containing the findings and conclusions of its study, together with recommendations for any legislation or administrative actions which it considers appropriate.