II
110th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 1219
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
April 25, 2007
Mr. Bingaman (for himself, Mr. Smith, Mr. Kerry, Mr. Akaka, Mr. Durbin, and Mr. Lieberman) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance
A BILL
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide taxpayer protection and assistance, and for other purposes.
Short title; amendment of 1986 Code
Short title
This Act may be cited as the Taxpayer Protection and Assistance Act of
2007
.
Amendment of 1986 Code
Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Low-income taxpayer clinics
Grants for return preparation clinics
In general
Chapter 77 (relating to miscellaneous provisions) is amended by inserting after section 7526 the following new section:
Return preparation clinics for low-income taxpayers
In general
The Secretary may, subject to the availability of appropriated funds, make grants to provide matching funds for the development, expansion, or continuation of qualified return preparation clinics.
Definitions
For purposes of this section—
Qualified return preparation clinic
In general
The term qualified return preparation clinic means a clinic which—
does not charge more than a nominal fee for its services (except for reimbursement of actual costs incurred), and
operates programs which assist low-income taxpayers, including individuals for whom English is a second language, in preparing and filing their Federal income tax returns, including schedules reporting sole proprietorship or farm income.
Assistance to low-income taxpayers
A clinic is treated as assisting low-income taxpayers under subparagraph (A)(ii) if at least 90 percent of the taxpayers assisted by the clinic have incomes which do not exceed 250 percent of the poverty level, as determined in accordance with criteria established by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
Clinic
The term clinic includes—
a clinical program at an eligible educational institution (as defined in section 529(e)(5)) which satisfies the requirements of paragraph (1) through student assistance of taxpayers in return preparation and filing, and
an organization described in section 501(c) and exempt from tax under section 501(a) which satisfies the requirements of paragraph (1).
Special rules and limitations
Aggregate limitation
Unless otherwise provided by specific appropriation, the Secretary shall not allocate more than $10,000,000 per year (exclusive of costs of administering the program) to grants under this section.
Other applicable rules
Rules similar to the rules under paragraphs (2) through (7) of section 7526(c) shall apply with respect to the awarding of grants to qualified return preparation clinics.
.
Clerical amendment
The table of sections for chapter 77 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 7526 the following new item:
Sec. 7526A. Return preparation clinics for low-income taxpayers.
.
Grants for taxpayer representation and assistance clinics
Increase in authorized grants
Section 7526(c)(1) (relating to aggregate
limitation) is amended by striking $6,000,000
and inserting
$10,000,000
.
Use of grants for overhead expenses prohibited
In general
Section 7526(c) (relating to special rules and limitations) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
Use of grants for overhead expenses prohibited
No grant made under this section may be used for the overhead expenses of any clinic or of any institution sponsoring such clinic.
.
Conforming amendments
Section 7526(c)(5) is amended—
by
inserting qualified
before low-income
, and
by striking the last sentence.
Promotion of clinics
Section 7526(c), as amended by paragraph (2), is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
Promotion of clinics
The Secretary is authorized to promote the benefits of and encourage the use of low-income taxpayer clinics through the use of mass communications, referrals, and other means.
.
Effective date
The amendments made by this section shall apply to grants made after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Clarification of enrolled agent credentials
Section 330 of title 31, United States Code, is amended—
by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (c) and (d), respectively, and
by inserting after subsection (a) the following new subsection:
Any enrolled
agents properly licensed to practice as required under rules promulgated under
subsection (a) shall be allowed to use the credentials or designation as
enrolled agent
, EA
, or
E.A.
.
.
Regulation of Federal tax return preparers
Authorization
Section
330(a)(1) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting
(including compensated preparers of Federal tax returns, documents, and
other submissions)
after representatives
.
Requirement
In general
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations under section 330 of title 31, United States Code—
to regulate those compensated preparers not otherwise regulated under regulations promulgated under such section on the date of the enactment of this Act, and
to carry out the provisions of, and amendments made by, this section.
Examination
In general
In promulgating the regulations under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall develop (or approve) and administer an eligibility examination designed to test—
the technical knowledge and competency of each preparer described in paragraph (1)(A)—
to prepare Federal tax returns, including individual and business income tax returns, and
to properly claim the earned income tax credit under section 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to such individual returns, and
the knowledge of each such preparer regarding such ethical standards for the preparation of such returns as determined appropriate by the Secretary.
State licensing or registration programs
The Secretary is authorized to accept an individual as meeting the eligibility examination requirement of this section if, in lieu of the eligibility examination under this section, the individual passed—
a State licensing or State registration program eligibility examination that is comparable to the eligibility examination established by the Secretary, or
an eligibility examination administered by an existing organization for tax return preparers that is comparable to the eligibility examination established by the Secretary if such test was administered prior to the issuance of the regulations under this section.
Continuing eligibility
In general
The regulations under paragraph (1) shall require a renewal of eligibility every 3 years and shall set forth the manner in which a preparer described in paragraph (1)(A) must renew such eligibility.
Continuing education requirements
As part of the renewal of eligibility, such regulations shall require that each such preparer show evidence of completion of such continuing education requirements as specified by the Secretary.
Nonmonetary sanctions
The regulations under paragraph (1) shall provide for the suspension or termination of such eligibility in the event of any failure to comply with the requirements for such eligibility.
Penalty for unauthorized preparation of returns, etc
In promulgating the regulations under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall impose a penalty of $1,000 for each Federal tax return, document, or other submission prepared by a preparer described in paragraph (1)(A) who is not in compliance with the requirements of paragraph (2) or (3) or who is suspended or disbarred from practice before the Department of the Treasury under such regulations. Such penalty shall be in addition to any other penalty which may be imposed.
Office of Professional Responsibility
Section 330 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
Office of Professional Responsibility
In general
There shall be in the Internal Revenue Service an Office of Professional Responsibility the functions of which shall be as prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, including the carrying out of the purposes of this section.
Director
In general
The Office of Professional Responsibility shall be under
the supervision and direction of an official known as the Director,
Office of Professional Responsibility
. The Director, Office of
Professional Responsibility, shall report directly to the Commissioner of
Internal Revenue and shall be entitled to compensation at the same rate as the
highest rate of basic pay established for the Senior Executive Service under
section 5382 of title 5, or, if the Secretary of the Treasury so determines, at
a rate fixed under section 9503 of such title.
Appointment
The Director, Office of Professional Responsibility, shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury without regard to the provisions of title 5 relating to appointments in the competitive service or the Senior Executive Service.
Hearing
Any hearing on an action initiated by the Director, Office of Professional Responsibility, to impose a sanction under regulations promulgated under this section shall be conducted in accordance with sections 556 and 557 of title 5 by 1 or more administrative law judges appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury under section 3105 of title 5.
Coordination with State sanction programs
In carrying out the purposes of this section, the Director, Office of Professional Responsibility shall coordinate with appropriate State officials in order to collect information regarding representatives, employers, firms and other entities which have been disciplined or suspended under State or local rules.
Information on sanctions to be available to the public
Sanctions initiated by action
When an action is initiated by the Director, Office of Professional Responsibility, to impose a sanction under regulations promulgated under this section, the pleadings, and the record of the proceeding and hearing shall be open to the public (subject to restrictions imposed under subparagraph (C)).
Sanction not initiated by action
When a sanction under regulations promulgated under this section (other than a private reprimand) is imposed without initiation of an action, the Director, Office of Professional Responsibility, shall make available to the public information identifying the representative, employer, firm, or other entity sanctioned, as well as information about the conduct which gave rise to the sanction (subject to restrictions imposed under subparagraph (C)).
Restrictions on release of information
Information about clients of the representative, employer, firm, or other entity and medical information with respect to the representative shall not be released to the public or discussed in an open hearing, except to the extent necessary to understand the nature, scope, and impact of the conduct giving rise to the sanction or proposed sanction. Disagreements regarding the application of this subparagraph shall be resolved by the administrative law judge or, when a sanction is imposed without initiation of an action, by the Director, Office of Professional Responsibility.
Fees
Any fees imposed under regulations promulgated under this section shall be available without fiscal year limitation to the Office of Professional Responsibility for the purpose of reimbursement of the costs of administering and enforcing the requirements of such regulations.
.
Ban on audit insurance
Section 330 of title 31, United States Code, as amended by subsection (c), is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
Ban on audit insurance
No person admitted to practice before the Department of the Treasury may directly or indirectly offer or provide insurance to cover professional fees and other expenses incurred in responding to or defending an audit by the Internal Revenue Service.
.
Penalties
Increase in certain penalties
Subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 6695
(relating to other assessable penalties with respect to the preparation of
income tax returns for other persons) are each amended by striking a
penalty of $50
and all that follows and
inserting
a penalty equal to—
$1,000, or
in the case of 3 or more such failures in a calendar year, $500 for each such failure.
The preceding sentence shall not apply with respect to any failure if such failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect.
.
Use of penalties
Unless specifically appropriated otherwise, there is authorized to be appropriated and is appropriated to the Office of Professional Responsibility for each fiscal year for the administration of the public awareness campaign described in subsection (g) an amount equal to the penalties collected during the preceding fiscal year under sections 6694 and 6695 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and under the regulations promulgated under section 330 of title 31, United States Code (by reason of subsection (b)(1)).
Review by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration
Section 7803(d)(2)(A) is amended—
by striking
and
at the end of clause (iii),
by striking the
period at the end of clause (iv) and inserting , and
, and
by adding at the end the following new clause:
a summary of the penalties assessed and collected during the reporting period under sections 6694 and 6695 and under the regulations promulgated under section 330 of title 31, United States Code, and a review of the procedures by which violations are identified and penalties are assessed under those sections,
.
Coordination with Section 6060(a)
The Secretary of the Treasury shall coordinate the requirements under the regulations promulgated under section 330 of title 31, United States Code, with the return requirements of section 6060 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Public awareness campaign
The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall conduct a public information and consumer education campaign, utilizing paid advertising—
to encourage taxpayers to use for Federal tax matters only professionals who establish their competency under the regulations promulgated under section 330 of title 31, United States Code, and
to inform the public of the requirements that any compensated preparer of tax returns, documents, and submissions subject to the requirements under the regulations promulgated under such section must sign the return, document, or submission prepared for a fee and display notice of such preparer’s compliance under such regulations.
Additional funds available for compliance activities
The Secretary of the Treasury may use any specifically appropriated funds for earned income tax credit compliance to improve and expand enforcement of the regulations promulgated under section 330 of title 31, United States Code.
Additional certification on documents other than returns
The Secretary of the Treasury shall require that each document or other submission filed with the Internal Revenue Service (other than a return signed by the taxpayer) shall be signed under penalty of perjury and the identifying number of any paid preparer who prepared such document (if any) under rules similar to the rules under section 6109(a)(4).
Contract authority for examinations of preparers
The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to contract for the development or administration, or both, of any examinations under the regulations promulgated under section 330 of title 31, United States Code.
Regulation of refund anticipation loan facilitators
Regulation of refund anticipation loan facilitators
In general
Chapter 77 (relating to miscellaneous provisions) is amended by inserting at the end the following new section:
Refund anticipation loan facilitators
Registration
Each refund loan facilitator shall register with the Secretary on an annual basis. As a part of such registration, each refund loan facilitator shall provide the Secretary with the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of such facilitator, and the fee schedule of such facilitator for the year of such registration.
Disclosure
Each refund loan facilitator shall disclose to a taxpayer both orally and on a separate written form at the time such taxpayer applies for a refund anticipation loan the following information:
Nature of the transaction
The refund loan facilitator shall disclose—
that the taxpayer is applying for a loan that is based upon the taxpayer’s anticipated income tax refund,
the expected time within which the loan will be paid to the taxpayer if such loan is approved,
the time frame in which income tax refunds are typically paid based upon the different filing options available to the taxpayer,
that there is no guarantee that a refund will be paid in full or received within a specified time period and that the taxpayer is responsible for the repayment of the loan even if the refund is not paid in full or has been delayed,
if the refund loan facilitator has an agreement with another refund loan facilitator (or any lender working in conjunction with another refund loan facilitator) to offset outstanding liabilities for previous refund anticipation loans provided by such other refund loan facilitator, that any refund paid to the taxpayer may be so offset and the implication of any such offset,
that the taxpayer may file an electronic return without applying for a refund anticipation loan and the fee for filing such an electronic return, and
that the loan may have substantial fees and interest charges that may exceed those of other sources of credit and the taxpayer should carefully consider—
whether such a loan is appropriate for the taxpayer, and
other sources of credit.
Fees and interest
The refund loan facilitator shall disclose all refund anticipation loan fees with respect to the refund anticipation loan. Such disclosure shall include—
a copy of the fee schedule of the refund loan facilitator,
the typical fees and interest rates (using annual percentage rates as defined by section 107 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1606)) for several typical amounts of such loans and of other types of consumer credit,
typical fees and interest charges if a refund is not paid or delayed, and
the amount of a fee (if any) that will be charged if the loan is not approved.
Other information
The refund loan facilitator shall disclose any other information required to be disclosed by the Secretary.
Fines and sanctions
In general
The Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on any refund loan facilitator who—
fails to register under subsection (a), or
fails to disclose any information required under subsection (b).
Maximum monetary penalty
Any monetary penalty imposed under paragraph (1) shall not exceed—
in the case of a failure to register, the gross income derived from all refund anticipation loans made during the period the refund loan facilitator was not registered, and
in the case of a failure to disclose information, the gross income derived from all refund anticipation loans with respect to which such failure applied.
Reasonable cause exceptions
No penalty may be imposed under this subsection with respect to any failure if it is shown that such failure is due to reasonable cause.
Definitions
For purposes of this section—
Refund loan facilitator
In general
The term refund loan facilitator means any electronic return originator who—
solicits for, processes, receives, or accepts delivery of an application for a refund anticipation loan, or
facilitates the making of a refund anticipation loan in any other manner.
Electronic return originator
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term electronic return originator means a person who originates the electronic submission of income tax returns for another person.
Refund anticipation loan
The term refund anticipation loan means any loan of money or any other thing of value to a taxpayer in connection with the taxpayer's anticipated receipt of a Federal tax refund. Such term includes a loan secured by the tax refund or an arrangement to repay a loan from the tax refund.
Refund anticipation loan fees
The term refund anticipation loan fees means the fees, charges, interest, and other consideration charged or imposed by the lender or facilitator for the making of a refund anticipation loan.
Regulations
The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as necessary to implement the requirements of this section.
.
Clerical amendment
The table of sections for chapter 77, as amended by this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:
.
Disclosure of penalty
Section 6103(k) (relating to disclosure of certain returns and return information for tax administration purposes) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
Disclosure of penalties on refund anticipation loan facilitators
The Secretary may disclose the name and employer (including the employer's address) of any person with respect to whom a penalty has been imposed under section 7529 and the amount of any such penalty.
.
Use of penalties
Unless specifically appropriated otherwise, there is authorized to be appropriated and is appropriated to the Internal Revenue Service for each fiscal year for the administration of the public awareness campaign described in subsection (d) an amount equal to the penalties collected during the preceding fiscal year under section 7529 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Public awareness campaign
The Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall conduct a public information and consumer education campaign, utilizing paid advertising, to educate the public on making sound financial decisions with respect to refund anticipation loans (as defined under section 7529 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), including the need to compare—
the rates and fees of such loans with the rates and fees of conventional loans; and
the amount of money received under the loan after taking into consideration such costs and fees with the total amount of the refund.
Effective date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Termination of debt indicator program
The Secretary of the Treasury shall terminate the Debt Indicator program announced in Internal Revenue Service Notice 9958 and may not implement any similar program.
Taxpayer access to financial institutions
Establishment of program
The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to award demonstration project grants (including multi-year grants) to eligible entities which partner with volunteer and low-income preparation organizations to provide tax preparation services and assistance in connection with establishing an account in a federally insured depository institution for individuals that currently do not have such an account.
Eligible entities
In general
An entity is eligible to receive a grant under this section if such an entity is—
an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code,
a federally insured depository institution,
an agency of a State or local government,
a community development financial institution,
an Indian tribal organization,
an Alaska Native Corporation,
a Native Hawaiian organization,
a labor organization, or
a partnership comprised of 1 or more of the entities described in the preceding subparagraphs.
Definitions
For purposes of this section—
Federally insured depository institution
The term federally insured depository institution means any insured depository institution (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813)) and any insured credit union (as defined in section 101 of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752)).
Community development financial institution
The term community development financial institution means any organization that has been certified as such pursuant to section 1805.201 of title 12, Code of Federal Regulations.
Alaska Native Corporation
The term Alaska Native Corporation has the same meaning as the term Native Corporation under section 3(m) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(m)).
Native Hawaiian organization
The term Native Hawaiian organization means any organization that—
serves and represents the interests of Native Hawaiians, and
has as a primary and stated purpose the provision of services to Native Hawaiians.
Labor organization
The term labor organization means an organization—
in which employees participate,
which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work, and
which is described in section 501(c)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Application
An eligible entity desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary of the Treasury in such form and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
Limitation on administrative costs
A recipient of a grant under this section may not use more than 6 percent of the total amount of such grant in any fiscal year for the administrative costs of carrying out the programs funded by such grant in such fiscal year.
Evaluation and report
For each fiscal year in which a grant is awarded under this section, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to Congress containing a description of the activities funded, amounts distributed, and measurable results, as appropriate and available.
Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Treasury, for the grant program described in this section, $10,000,000, or such additional amounts as deemed necessary, to remain available until expended.
Regulations
The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to promulgate regulations to implement and administer the grant program under this section.
Study on delivery of tax refunds
In general
The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the National Taxpayer Advocate, shall conduct a study on the payment of tax refunds through Treasury debit cards or other electronic means to assist individuals that do not have access to financial accounts or institutions.
Report
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to Congress containing the result of the study conducted under subsection (a).
Clarification of Taxpayer Assistance Order authority
In general
Section 7811(b)(2) is amended—
by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively, and
by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph:
chapter 74 (relating to closing agreements and compromises),
.
Effective date
The amendments made by this section shall apply to orders issued after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Clarification of standards for evaluation of compromise offers
Section 7122(d)(1) is amended—
by inserting
based on doubt as to liability, doubt as to collectibility, or equitable
consideration
after dispute
, and
by inserting at the end the following new paragraph:
Equitable consideration
In prescribing guidelines under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall compromise a liability to promote effective tax administration when it is inequitable to collect any unpaid tax (or any portion thereof, including penalties and interest) based on all of the facts and circumstances, including—
whether the taxpayer acted reasonably, responsibly, and in good faith under the circumstances, such as, by taking reasonable actions to avoid or mitigate the tax liability or delayed resolution of such liability,
whether the taxpayer is a victim of a bad act by a third party or any other unexpected event that significantly contributed to the tax liability or delayed resolution of such liability,
whether the taxpayer has a recent history of compliance with tax filing and payment obligations (before and after the situation that led to the current tax liability) or has a reasonable explanation for previous noncompliance,
whether any Internal Revenue Service processing errors, systemic or employee-related, led to or significantly contributed to the tax liability,
whether the Internal Revenue Service action or inaction has unreasonably delayed resolution of the tax liability, and
any other fact or circumstance that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that a compromise would be fair, equitable, and in the best interest of tax administration.
.