No Asylum for Criminals Act of 2021

Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman from New York from illustrating, elaborating on, detailing, and bringing to the 21st century the horrors of the Tulsa race riots, calling it what it is and not being fearful of acknowledging the riotist and violent impact of the Tulsa race riots.

Madam Speaker, it is my honor to now continue the discussion on behalf of the Congressional Black Caucus and my cochair of the Special Order hour, the Honorable Congressman Torres of New York.

Let me, first of all, thank our chair, Chairwoman Beatty, for matching her members with this process of ensuring that the history, the unbiased history of a people in all of our variations is told truthfully.

We, too, are Americans. The Tulsan residents of that time were Americans as well.

I am reminded of the early stages of my education. When Congressman

Torres' history was the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, I could almost repeat that in my sleep, the three ships that came with Christopher Columbus. He was the founder of America--over and over again.

I'm not sure during the period of our early childhood and those of recent vintage learned anything of Native American history, Korean- American history, Japanese-American, Chinese-American, African- American, slavery. I don't know if our children in periods of the 20th century and now in the 21st century knew there was more history.

I do know that the past President wanted the Smithsonian, the African-American culture, to stop teaching about African history. I know that there was a challenge to the U.S. Department of Education by Minority Leader McConnell, to stop teaching the 1619 Project. It baffles me because I believe that, if a country or a people know its history, we will not be doomed to repeat the past.

When I say ``a people,'' America is represented by many people. If we knew each other's history, if we understood each other's history, could we not--even if not those who are already past understanding, but could our children grow up with empathy and understanding?

That is why we are here on the floor of the House. We are not here to castigate and to throw untruthful hits. We are here to tell the truth.

Madam Speaker, tears come to my eyes as a series--and I only get to look at television late in the night, after all the day's work is done, and there is a series called ``The Underground Railroad.'' You cannot look at that without shaking in your boots, shaking in the chair you are sitting in, tears coming to your eyes.

That is the empathy that America can understand for all the journeys that so many of us have taken. We have taken it, and we are here in this place. The greatest experiment that the world watches.

Can they make it?

They were watching it from Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, 1863, and then General Granger in 1865.

They watched us through the 1800s. We failed. Reconstruction did not work. Even with all the Governors and Congress people that had been elected are freed slaves. That ugly head of racism, white supremacy, lynching, the tearing asunder of Black communities, the still tearing apart of families, the lynching of men and women who went off to the grocery store--when I say that, the local store, whatever it was down the road--and never came back.

In 1921--boy, I am just so proud of this picture--this is bustling Tulsa, Oklahoma. This is the example of the excitement. I am reading where it says the McGowan Variety Store. There are some McGowans in Houston. They might be related. These are the prancing people with their cowboy hats on. It looks as if students, just like we would see in our neighborhoods today or in our high schools today, dancers, they had a full holistic community. There is some cars on the street.

Can you imagine 1921?

Oh, I wish I could just take a trip back, just stand on the sidewalk, and just look with pride of history I did not know. I never imagined there were cities like Tulsa, Oklahoma, as I was growing up as a child. I never imagined we had anything, we were worth anything, except for what my mother and father and grandparents poured into me.

My big mother, which was my great-grandmother, owned property obviously destroyed by the highways and freeways that came in and took it away in St. Petersburg, Florida. I just thought that was our way of life. Just like I thought riding in the back of a train going south to visit her, sitting by my lonely with a bag of fried chicken--that is right, I am not embarrassed--to carry me through to visit my grandmother in St. Petersburg, Florida. Thank God, I got there safely. I was just about 8 or 9 or 10, and I was sitting in the colored car, and I wasn't supposed to move except for necessary purposes.

I didn't know--I didn't know I could come here and see this. And our children don't know it. That is why we are on the floor today. We are on the floor today because we have to begin to embrace each other's story.

So I am very delighted that I am leading on H. Res. 398, embraced by the Congressional Black Caucus. This will be on the floor of the House this coming Wednesday. And my counterpart in the United States Senate is a very dear friend, Senator Elizabeth Warren, who believes in this resolution, that is the recognizing of the forthcoming centennial, the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre. And it doesn't say ``riot.'' It says ``massacre.'' It was a massacre.

I Thank the House leadership. I thank them for their understanding the value and importance of this as we lead into June and begin to move on H.R. 40, the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals. It is nothing harmful. There is nothing that will undermine anyone. It is to accept what happened.

So I am so grateful we have almost 100 cosponsors, and maybe more to come into the next 24 hours, for a story that was never told.

Oh, yes, as a little Black girl, I could tell you about Columbus, tell you about Abraham Lincoln, tell you about George Washington. And most of them today in the 21st century, they are not hearing about the wide diversity of our history, Madam Speaker--yours and mine and the many people that are on this side of the aisle or that side of the aisle.

So let me just recount very briefly again. A century ago, White rioters, local law enforcement, and self-appointed vigilantes claim to be acting reasonably and in self-defense against what they feared was an upcoming Black uprising.

Same as January 6, where there are people who had the audacity to say it looked like tourists on any normal day, when we were laying flat on the floor in this building while banging and screams and guns drawn on this side of that door. We didn't know whether we would live. And a lifesaving shot for that person who did not know what was happening, attempting to save lives. Sadly, someone lost their life.

Members in near panic--rightly so--leaving these Chambers and walking down and seeing AK-47s in the hands of individuals laying flat on the ground, that our brave officers had under their watch.

Yes, rioters. But in Greenwood, I want this picture to be embedded in your DNA, because you will see economic prosperity, self-sufficiency. Yes, it was known as the Black Wall Street. They viewed, however, black males as fearsome, physical threats to their personal safety, and the rivals of White women. I don't know what happened in an elevator, allegedly. The story, you know, it is always a mystery, but some claim of some insult that occurred.

And all of a sudden the word went out enraging leaders of the White community, fine citizens, probably in some church over the weekend. When I say in their church in that time, because they were always using the Bible wrongly and incorrectly. And I will say that because I believe in a merciful redemptive Jesus, as a Christian. There are many other faiths, Torah and Koran and others.

But I know in the redemptive faith of Christianity, we believe in redemption. We don't go out because we know that we have had one to sacrifice for us on the cross so that we might be redeemed. We sing that song in our community, ``Let the Redeemed Say So.'' But apparently they didn't have that memory.

100,000 Black people lived in that area, sold luxury items. Twenty- one restaurants, 30 grocery stores, a hospital, savings and loan, a post office, three hotels, jewelry and clothing, two movie theaters, a library, pool halls, bus and cab service, a nationally recognized school system. A nationally recognized school system, when all of us are fighting for our children to be educated.

Today, I left Houston. And guess what? We have a new resident of Texas: Curtis Jackson, known as 50 Cent.

We were standing together because he was producing with Mayor Turner and Al Kashani and the School Superintendent Grenita Lathan, and all elected officials to announce an entrepreneurial program.

Can you imagine, to be able to build up our children?

They had two Black newspapers, six private planes. And I want to say it again, a recognized school system.

On May 31 of that year, 35 city blocks went up in flames and 300 persons were

murdered and, to my knowledge, buried in an unmarked grave; 800 were injured and 9,000 were left homeless.

Yes, one cannot ignore this history, but it has been ignored, it has been snuffed out, it has been put under.

I never knew about it until people like Dr. Crutcher, from this great city, and various leaders that have brought to our attention even more. But over the years, obviously, in my study of reparations, I have seen the insults that have happened when no one bothered to respond.

Brutality that we are now trying to correct by acknowledging in H. Res. 398, and I hope my colleagues will come to the floor of the House to be able to address it.

Let me show you what that massacre generated, and you will understand.

Madam Speaker, how much time is remaining?

Madam Speaker, you saw the bustling town. You saw the bustling town. This is a charred Negro who suffered in the Tulsa riots.

Yes, I am like Emmett Till's mother, Let the world see it. This is what happened to an innocent Black person.

By the way, the dead included children. Tulsa Historical Society. This is America. And this is a story that we failed to tell. This is what happened.

We have more stories to tell. We believe that a picture is worth a thousands words. We can never, never overcome that burned, charred body.

I showed you what Tulsa looked like, the Black Wall Street, and the burned-out ruins of Greenwood. Tulsa, Oklahoma library--they even got it in the library. I don't know how many people have seen it. It is a wasteland, a literal wasteland. Smoke is coming up. People's homes are gone. Wealth is gone. People were never to be presented with any relief. None. I don't even think they got a thank-you--not even a thank-you.

So our resolution condemns violence and destruction perpetrated against the African-American community of Greenwood. Our resolution has a rejection and active opposition to the false ideology of white supremacy and condemnation of all groups. Our resolution believes in promoting tolerance and unity, and taking action to ensure governmental policies and action to promote tolerance and unity.

Our resolution is calling for all Americans to celebrate the ethnic, racial, and religious diversity that has made the United States great. Our resolution encourages all persons of the United States to reflect upon the history of the United States as an imperfect but committed journey to establish a more perfect union. Our resolution is recognized as a commitment of Congress to acknowledge and learn from the history of racism and racial violence in the United States.

Our resolution lays the groundwork for moving to H.R. 40, the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals, because we can see it in real life.

So this is part of the Tulsa that never got acknowledged.

Madam Speaker, let me show you additional fires so you can see the buildings going up in smoke. We are not making it up. All of these buildings--brick buildings--were burned to the ground.

Can you imagine someone who survived the post-traumatic stress, the horrors of their life, the willingness not to live anymore, and the giving up of hope?

People wonder, oh, those lazy Negroes and colored people who worked for over 250 years in bondage.

Finally, I am going to put the picture of the slaves, the individuals. So this is the story we tell tonight. We don't even tell it with a sense of vengeance. We tell it with a sense of dignity, respect, and honor. The courage of those people, and the genius of those people--they weren't even freed slaves for 100 years and look what they created.

There is a story on CNN: ``My great-grandmother survived the 1921 Tulsa massacre. We are not heeding her history.'' For what was once the wealthiest Black neighborhood in America became charred ash in a matter of hours. But we have not come to a conclusion to end this kind of White supremacy and racism.

Madam Speaker, I include this in the Record.

[From CNN, May 14, 2021]

Opinion: My Great-Grandmother Survived the 1921 Tulsa Massacre. We're

Not Heeding Her History

A century ago, my Black brothers and sisters were decimated

by one of the worst occurrences of racial violence in our

nation's history. On May 31 and June 1, 1921, White gangs

flooded into the thriving Greenwood neighborhood and murdered

up to 300 Black men, women and children. According to the

Tulsa Historical Society, 1,500 Black homes were burned,

along with over 600 businesses, and places of worship,

healing, learning and gathering.

My great-grandmother, Rebecca Brown Crutcher--a woman who

was the picture of Black excellence--lived and worked in the

Greenwood community. But in 1921, she fled in fear of her

life as White Tulsans burned her neighborhood to the ground.

What was once the wealthiest Black neighborhood in America

became charred ash in a matter of hours. 10,000 Black

residents were left homeless--and an entire generation of

Black Tulsans were robbed of their wealth and prosperity they

had built. To this day, not one person has ever been held

accountable and not a single cent of reparations has been

paid to the survivors or the victims' descendants.

Without this necessary reckoning with the past, we're

already repeating it. As Oklahoma and many around the world

are preparing to mark the centennial of the 1921 Tulsa Race

Massacre, last month, Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt signed a

law criminalizing peaceful protesters and giving immunity to

drivers who ``unintentionally'' kill or injure protesters.

This law is, according to the count kept by the International

Center for Not-For-Profit Law, just one of 81 anti-protest

bills introduced in 34 states during the 2021 legislative

session alone--most of them framed as a response to last

summer's Black Lives Matter protests. But instead of tackling

the root causes of these nationwide protests against police

brutality, racism and anti-Blackness, many lawmakers are

attempting to intimidate, malign and criminalize peaceful

protesters.

Laws like this one will undoubtedly have painful and long-

lasting consequences in Oklahoma and the rest of the nation.

Black, brown and Indigenous people will surely be locked up,

ripped apart from their families, and may lose their jobs for

exercising their First Amendment right to peacefully assemble

in a protest. They will surely receive harsher punishments

for protesting police brutality and racial injustice than,

for instance, White protesters demonstrating for gun rights

or for their desire to control a woman's body.

This isn't the only bill introduced in Oklahoma this

session that's followed the Tulsa Race Massacre's sinister

legacy of suppression and erasure of Black Oklahomans. Half a

dozen bills have already been introduced to restrict absentee

voting and require identification to vote, echoing the

growing trend of voting restrictions around the country.

Historically in our state as elsewhere, these tactics have

been used to disenfranchise Black and brown, poor and older

communities and people with disabilities, with the precedent

being set in one state and spreading like wildfire to the

rest of the country.

On May 7, Governor Stitt signed HB 1775 into law, which

will prohibit Oklahoma schools from teaching critical race

theory--or in other words important lessons about systemic

racism and diversity. The measure is meant to essentially

stifle important discussions about, among other things, the

1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, the Trail of Tears and the Osage

murders in classrooms and beyond. Erasing our history, yet

again, will have devastating consequences. And Oklahoma isn't

alone--bills banning or restricting the teaching of critical

race theory have been drafted in Iowa, Louisiana, Missouri,

New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and West Virginia and

already passed in Utah, Arkansas, Idaho and Tennessee.

Bills like HB 1775 attempt to obscure the fact that heinous

instances of racial violence, from slavery to Jim Crow laws

to the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, are not blemishes on our

history but consequences of discriminatory systems that

continue to harm Black people today.

Such laws are designed to prevent a full and honest

accounting of how systemic racism works. The bill says it

will prohibit the teaching that ``an individual, by virtue of

his or her race or sex, bears responsibility for actions

committed in the past by other members of the same race or

sex,'' thereby upholding White supremacy and helping absolve

the city of Tulsa and the state of the moral obligation of

paying reparations to the survivors and descendants of the

Tulsa Race Massacre. HB 1775 also flies in the face of

reality--as if the wealth and security stripped from Black

Tulsans a century ago doesn't have a direct relationship to

the widening gaps in home ownership, education, life

expectancy and arrest rates today.

Each of us should learn the hard lessons of the 1921 Tulsa

Race Massacre and the continued harm shouldered by the

survivors, the descendants and the neighborhood of Greenwood.

We should learn that race, racism and discrimination have

very real, concrete effects on our history, our culture, our

politics and our current lives. But we can't learn the truth

or grow from it if it's hidden from us--and that's precisely

what HB 1775 attempts

to do. In so doing, this measure continues the harm of the

1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, because a century later, Stitt and

our elected officials are still trying to bury the lessons

that our ancestors would want us to carry forward.

As a descendant of a Tulsa Race Massacre survivor, it's

painful to see Oklahoma's governor refuse to learn from our

history and acknowledge its continuing impact today. Instead,

he's chosen to saddle our teachers and educators with even

more baggage, and potentially penalize them for doing what's

right.

My hope is that our teachers will look this evil in the eye

and refuse to give in or back down. I hope they will continue

teaching the truth about topics like the 1921 Tulsa Race

Massacre--including that it was borne from White supremacy, a

mortal threat to our democracy that remains with us today.

Our students deserve the unbridled truth, not a polished

facade that makes us feel good about ourselves.

Madam Speaker, I include the KJRH article in the Record.

[From KJRH]

Gov. Stitt Responds to Letter From Tulsa Race Massacre Commission

Tulsa, OK, May 14, 2021.--Gov. Kevin Stitt has officially

been removed from the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Centennial

Commission.

This comes after Stitt signed a bill limiting race and

gender curriculums in Oklahoma schools earlier in May. House

Bill 1775 prohibits state public schools, colleges, and

universities from incorporating certain messages about sex

and race into any course instruction.

This also comes on the 100th anniversary of the 1921 Tulsa

race massacre, where a white mob attacked Black residents and

businesses in the Greenwood District of Tulsa, also known as

Black Wall Street.

The governor's office released the following statement

Friday afternoon:

``Governor Stitt's role as a member of the 1921 Tulsa Race

Massacre Centennial Commission has been purely ceremonial and

he had not been invited to attend a meeting until this week.

It is disappointing to see an organization of such importance

spend so much effort to sow division based on falsehoods and

political rhetoric two weeks before the centennial and a

month before the commission is scheduled to sunset. The

governor and first lady will continue to support the

revitalization of the Greenwood District, honest

conversations about racial reconciliation and pathways of

hope in Oklahoma.''

The commission sent 2 News the following statement:

``The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Centennial Commissioners met

Tuesday and agreed through consensus to part ways with

Governor Stitt. No elected officials, nor representatives of

elected officials, were involved in this decision. While the

Commission is disheartened to part ways with Governor Stitt,

we are thankful for the things accomplished together. The

Commission remains focused on lifting up the story of Black

Wall Street and commemorating the Centennial. With just weeks

before the Centennial of one of the worst Race massacres in

the history of the U.S., Commissioners stand united in

focusing time, energy and efforts on descendants, survivors,

education, economic development and progress this year and

beyond. We hope to see many of you in person or virtually at

some of our events that we hope will drive change for years

to come.''

The commission previously issued Stitt a letter after he

did not join a special meeting Monday night to discuss the

signing of HB 1775 into law.

Phil Armstrong, the project director of the 1921 Tulsa Race

Massacre Centennial Commission, said HB 1775 ``chills the

ability of educators to teach students, of any age, and will

only serve to intimidate educators who seek to reveal and

process our hidden history. You know that. We delivered this

message to you before you signed the measure. We were joined

by educators, school boards, universities, faith, and

community leaders, all of whom vigorously objected to HB

1775. You seemingly disregarded and dismissed this chorus of

voices aligned against HB 1775.''

The governor responded by saying, in part, ``it is

disappointing that some commission members feel that a

common-sense law preventing students from being taught that

one race or sex is superior to another is contrary to the

mission of reconciliation and restoration.''

C.J. Webber-Neal, president of the Greenwood Arts &

Cultural Society, INC., also called for the governor's

resignation as a commission member. In a statement, Webber-

Neal said he was satisfied with having Stitt removed from the

commission.

``The Greenwood Arts & Cultural Society, INC. is very

pleased that the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Centennial

Commission has with one concise voice taken action to remove

Kevin Stitt, Governor of Oklahoma, from it body.

Based upon the stated mission of this body, we stand in

solidarity with their action regarding Governor Stitt's role

as a member of this Commission, based upon his signing of HB

1775 into law. The truth of the horrific story of 1921's Race

Massacre (as well as other history of the experiences of

minorities in America) must be taught honestly and

unequivocally, so that future generations will learn of the

demons of our past so we as a society will not be doomed to

repeat this evil act.

At this time, we also encourage this body to add in the

Governor's place survivors and descendants of the massacre,

so that representation of this painful period in our history

can be reflected thru the experiences of those who were

directly impacted by this tragic event.

Furthermore, we encourage any available monetary relief be

given by this organization to the three survivors of the 1921

Tulsa Race Massacre. This should be done as both a sign of

reconciliation and the rising of the eternal spirit of

Greenwood. This we believe is long overdue.''

Madam Speaker, I include a detailed account of the Tulsa Race Massacre in the Congressional Record.

Detailed Account of Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921

Then I want to salute those who will be honoring 100 years in the next couple of weeks. I want to very quickly say that remember what I said, I knew the history of Christopher Columbus. I didn't know the history of my Native American brothers. I didn't know the history of my own self, slavery. I know Big Mother, which is what we called her. She owned land, and then I knew it disappeared. I knew I rode in the back of a train to visit her as a little girl.

Guess what, Madam Speaker?

Governor Kevin Stitt of Oklahoma was on the commission on the Tulsa race massacre, but he signed the bill limiting race and gender curriculums in Oklahoma schools earlier in May.

Madam Speaker, can you believe it?

It was House bill 1775. As well, he goes on to not stand for what this commission is all about: truth.

So tonight we come to the floor. Remember what I said: I am not in any way throwing darts or stones at anyone. I am here to raise up the dignity of this man, this person, this body, burned because he was Black, prosperous, and ready to serve America.

No one can tell me how many in that 1921 massacre had been in World War I, had worn the uniform and come home and made a new life.

How many can tell us out of those who would have lived, would have been ready to go serve in World War II and then on, and their progeny continue to build this wonderful economic engine?

Today those who remain are three living descendants of those who were there. They tell me as I will go to Tulsa, there is one door left.

It is a crying shame. So I lift this story up, and I let you know, Madam Speaker, that the Congressional Black Caucus, yes, the conscience of this Nation, has a vital purpose to be able to tell the story. Someone I hope is listening. Someone I hope is listening. Someone I hope heard Brother Torres. I hope they heard Hank Johnson and Barbara Lee. I hope they have heard all of us. Because if we do not know our history, we are doomed to repeat it. We must take the reins, lift up the dignity, honor these courageous saints, and we must fight on.

Pass this resolution on the centennial. Pass H.R. 40 to establish a commission to study reparations. Pass the American Jobs Plan, pass the American Rescue Plan, and lift all boats. For as we do so, God will be the witness for what we have done and the journey we have made.

Madam Speaker, I am honored to have been here today. I am honored to be part of the Congressional Black Caucus. I am honored to be part of this House of Representatives. I am honored to be an American, and I will not have my history denied or my children failing to know that history. That is why we are here today. Let us march on until victory is won.

Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding.

Madam Speaker, on behalf of the Congressional Black Caucus, I rise to anchor this most important Special Order remembering one of the darkest moments in American history, the Tulsa-Greenwood Race Massacre, that occurred in the African American Greenwood community of Tulsa, Oklahoma, on May 31-June 1, 1921.

I am pleased to be joined by Congressman Torres of New York, who will co-anchor this Special Order and my several members of the Congressional Black Caucus, which under the leadership of our Chair, Congresswoman Beatty of Ohio, was unified and determined that the reign of racial terror, carried out under color of law, that was visited on the black citizens of Greenwood not be forgotten and that the injuries they suffered be redressed.

Madam Speaker, earlier this year, I introduced a resolution (H. Res. 215 later modified as H. Res. 398), joined by 84 cosponsors, recognizing the centennial of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre.

As the great southern writer William Faulkner reminded us: ``The past is never dead. It's not even past.''

Madam Speaker, as I and other Members will elucidate this evening, the hatreds, prejudices, resentments, and white supremacy that Black Americans witnessed and suffered in Greenwood a century ago are not dead; they are not even past.

A century ago, White rioters, local law enforcement, and self- appointed vigilantes claimed to be acting reasonably and in self- defense against what they feared was an upcoming Black uprising.

They resented the economic prosperity and self-sufficiency of the Greenwood community, which was known nationally as ``Black Wall Street.''

They viewed Black males as fearsome physical threats to their personal safety and as rivals to white women.

These baseless, irrational concerns are not a relic of the past, they are with us today and are what resulted in the deaths of George Floyd, Tamir Rice, Deonte Wright, Stephon Clark, Amidou Diallo, and hundreds of others too numerous to list.

In 1921, Tulsa, Oklahoma's Greenwood District, known as ``Black Wall Street,'' was one of the most documented prosperous African American communities in the United States.

The Greenwood community with a population of over 100,000 Black people had stores that sold luxury items, 21 restaurants, 30 grocery stores, a hospital, a savings and loan bank, a post office, three hotels, jewelry and clothing stores, two movie theaters, a library, pool halls, a bus and cab service, a nationally recognized school system, six private airplanes, and two black newspapers.

On May 31st of that year, the 35 city blocks of Greenwood went up in flames, at least 300 Black persons were murdered and more than 800 were injured; it is estimated that not less than 9,000 were left homeless and destitute.

These rioters reenacted the brutality of the mob from a hundred years ago in the hallowed halls of the Citadel of Democracy.

It should not be overlooked that the source of their irrational anger, hatred, and violent reaction was that Black Americans voted in overwhelming numbers in Atlanta, Philadelphia, Milwaukee, and Detroit to oust the most negative, divisive, racially hostile, and incompetent president's history, the 45th President,

who presided over the deaths of more than 500,000 Americans, disproportionately Black and Brown.

The legacy of white mob violence inflicted upon the Black community of Greenwood has scarred the descendants of the victims of this American pogrom.

Madam Speaker, the events of January 6th have given us insight into what the people of Greenwood, Oklahoma, faced when they were attacked by a similar murderous mob.

H.R. 398 is a reminder to the nation of the ultimate cruelty inflicted upon a people for dare believing that the promise of America was attainable by them and their achievements would be respected and protected by law.

But it does more than that, it puts the House of Representatives on record that the United States can achieve a more perfect union:

1. by condemning the violence and destruction perpetrated against the African-American community of Greenwood, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the scene of the then-largest single instance of domestic terror against American citizens;

2. through the rejection and active opposition to the false ideology of White supremacy and condemnation of all groups and organizations that ascribe to this false system of belief and seek to perpetuate their views through violence and unlawful conduct;

3. by promoting tolerance and unity and taking actions to ensure that governmental policies and actions do not foster division, disharmony, or intolerance;

4. by calling upon all Americans to celebrate the ethnic, racial, and religious diversity that has made the United States the leader of the community of nations and the beacon of hope and inspiration to oppressed persons everywhere;

5. encouraging all persons in the United States to reflect upon the history of the United States as an imperfect but committed journey to establish a more perfect union and to cherish and exercise the rights, privileges, and responsibilities guaranteed by the Constitution; and

6. recognizing the commitment of Congress to acknowledge and learn from the history of racism and racial violence in the United States, including the Tulsa Race Massacre, to reverse the legacy of White supremacy and fight for racial justice.

Madam Speaker, I will now briefly recount the horrific events cited in H. Res. 398 that were experienced by the law-abiding Black community of Greenwood on those terrible days.

In 1921, White supremacy and racist violence were common throughout the United States and went largely unchecked by the justice system.

In Tulsa, Oklahoma, reports of an alleged and disputed incident on the morning of May 30, 1921, between two teenagers, a Black man and a White woman, caused the White community of Tulsa, including the Tulsa Tribune, to call for a lynching amidst a climate of White racial hostility and White resentment over Black economic success.

On May 31, 1921, a mob of armed White men descended upon Tulsa's Greenwood District and launched what is now known as the ``Tulsa Race Massacre.''

Tulsa municipal and county authorities failed to take actions to calm or contain the violence, and civil and law enforcement officials deputized many White men who were participants in the violence as their agents, directly contributing to the violence through overt and often illegal acts.

Over a period of 24 hours, the White mob's violence led to the death of an estimated 300 Black residents, as well as over 800 reports of injuries.

The White mob looted, damaged, burned, or otherwise destroyed approximately 40 square blocks of the Greenwood district, including an estimated 1,256 homes of Black residents, as well as virtually every other structure, including churches, schools, businesses, a hospital, and a library, leaving nearly 9,000 Black residents of the Greenwood community homeless and effectively wiping out tens of millions of dollars in Black prosperity and wealth.

In the wake of the Tulsa Race Massacre, the Governor of Oklahoma declared martial law, and units of the Oklahoma National Guard participated in the mass arrests of all or nearly all of Greenwood's surviving residents, removing them from Greenwood to other parts of Tulsa and unlawfully detaining them in holding centers.

Oklahoma local and state governments dismissed claims arising from the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre for decades, and the event was effectively erased from collective memory and history until, in 1997, the Oklahoma State Legislature finally created a commission to study the event.

On February 28, 2001, the commission issued a report that detailed, for the first time, the extent of the Massacre and decades-long efforts to suppress its recollection.

None of the law enforcement officials nor any of the hundreds of other White mob members who participated in the violence were ever prosecuted or held accountable for the hundreds of lives lost and tens of millions of dollars of Black wealth destroyed, despite the Tulsa Race Massacre Commission confirming their roles in the Massacre, nor was any compensation ever provided to the Massacre's victims or their descendants.

Government and city officials not only abdicated their responsibility to rebuild and repair the Greenwood community in the wake of the violence, but actively blocked efforts to do so, contributing to continued racial disparities in Tulsa akin to those that Black people still face today across the United States.

Madam Speaker, the pattern of violence against Black people in the United States, often at the hands of law enforcement, shows that the fight to end State-sanctioned violence against Black people continues.

As the American Historical Association stated, ``What happened in Tulsa was extreme, but not unusual. It is part of our nation's heritage. We must acknowledge that heritage, learn from it, and do whatever each of us can do to ensure that it is just that--heritage, rather than a continuing practice.''

Madam Speaker, I will include in the Record a more detailed account of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre that is based on the ``Final Report of the Oklahoma Commission to Study The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921,'' issued February 28, 2001.

Madam Speaker, I also ask the House to observe a moment of silence in memory of the victims and survivors of the Tulsa Race Massacre, and their descendants to carry the terrible memories of that horrific day and still grieve over the loss of so many loved ones and of faith in the American system of justice.

Madam Speaker, I rise today to follow up on the remarks of my friend from California, who just noted the crisis we have at the border and the danger that that puts the American people in, and not just the American people, but the immigrants who seek to come here.

I rise today, in particular, to bring the public's attention to that border crisis, which my friend rightfully recognized is being driven by that guy who runs that outfit over there.

Now, I do not mean, in saying that, the Secretary of Defense, Lloyd Austin. I know who he is. I mean that other guy who runs that outfit over there, down Pennsylvania Avenue, and that is the President of the United States.

I say this because the President cannot possibly have any idea what is going on because no American President entrusted with the safety and well-being of the United States and her citizens would purposely empower cartels or would purposely empower illegal organizations to harm American citizens for profit, to flood our streets with dangerous fentanyl and narcotics, to cause high-speed chases like the ones that have occurred in the district I represent, where Americans are in danger, or the murder of Americans through wide-open borders. No American President would purposely do that, would they?

No American President would purposely lie to immigrants and cause them to get raped and abused on long, dangerous journeys across the desert, upon the promise of amnesty, for crass political purposes. No American President would possibly do that, would he or she?

No American President could be so callous, so indifferent to the lives of Americans and immigrants who seek to come here, that he would allow his staff and the Secretary of Homeland Security to lie, repeatedly, to the American people that there is no crisis at our border.

No American President would do that, so no American President could know that this is happening and take that position, could understand what is happening and then ignore it, could understand what is happening at the border and then deny it and encourage it through reckless policies.

No, that guy who runs that outfit over there cannot possibly know what is happening at our border because no American President would do that.

But I assure you, we Texans know; our neighbors in other border States

know; and the American people across the country affected by this crisis know. We see it every day, the brutal conditions along the border ravaged by the deceit and the lies of politicians governing by sound bite and pretending they are compassionate. We do see it every day.

Who is this that I am showing here on the floor of the United States House of Representatives? This is the Vargas family. I have come to know Lori, and I have come to know other members of this family because Jared, depicted in this picture, was murdered by a colleague at a restaurant who was in this country illegally, who had been caught, let go, caught, let go, caught again, let go, and then murdered Jared. He was from San Antonio, Texas, which I represent.

This is real. This happens every day. We, in Texas, are on the front lines while the people in this body fiddle, and endanger the lives of American citizens, to prostrate themselves to a crass political left that could care less about the American citizens getting killed or raped. And they do it for political purposes.

The arrogance of leftist Democrats destroying our own Nation with trillions of dollars of spending; the reckless disregard of our energy independence and strength; the reckless disregard of the small businesses getting destroyed by shutdowns and the livelihoods destroyed while peddling fear and panic; the reckless disregard of our children, as their futures are destroyed by teachers' unions and the devastating masking of their innocent faces; the reckless disregard of our fundamental inalienable rights to worship, to speak freely, to defend ourselves with firearms, to pursue happiness by working to provide for our families; the reckless disregard for our safety while defunding police and attacking our rights to defend ourselves under the Second Amendment at the same time, done on this floor today; the reckless disregard for our national security, while empowering China to undermine our way of life; the reckless disregard for public health, as we rejoin the very World Health Organization that lied to us to protect China.

But perhaps the most reckless, by my leftist Democratic colleagues, is the arrogance of using crass political selfishness to encourage parents to send their children to be raped, to be abused, to ride on train cars, and even to die along dangerous journeys, while simultaneously facilitating or encouraging the destruction of our neighbors to the south, in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras. It is happening in real time and in extraordinary arrogance, for purposes of crass political gain or perceived gain.

Our neighbors to the south lament the mass exodus of their people under the lies and false compassion being sold from American Democrats.

This is the truth of what we are dealing with.

Let's talk about some of the real issues going on on our border. Uvalde, Texas, the mayor, Don McLaughlin said, ``The 2019 border crisis will look like a cakewalk to what is coming with Biden's border crisis.''

He said they are seeing 10 to 12 high-speed chases each week, with speeds up to 105 miles an hour. The local government has to take it on the chin because this administration refuses to secure the border. That is the mayor in Uvalde, Texas, just outside of the district I represent. My friend, Mr. Gonzales, represents that district.

Don calls me all the time saying, ``Where's the help?''

Where is the Federal Government, whose job it is to secure the border of the United States? You know where it is?

Nowhere to be found. In fact, actually found at a border making it worse for the citizens of this country, making it more dangerous, purposely or incompetently, either one unacceptably endangering the lives of Americans and the immigrants who seek to come here.

Del Rio mayor Bruno Lozano said, ``I am pleading and requesting you to please put a halt to any measures regarding the release of immigrants awaiting court dates into the city of Del Rio and surrounding areas.''

Madam Speaker, the American people are pleading with their leadership. They are begging for the people in this body, the people's House, to recognize what is happening to them.

It is real. People bury their head in the sand up here protected by fences with razor wire, walking through magnetometers, tweeting out how they somehow compare or have compassion for immigrants, ``Look at us.'' And in this photo is what is happening to immigrants in south Texas.

There are mass graves where cartels kill people along the Rio Grande. There are people dying in the desert, seeking to come here like any normal person would do around the world, seeking to come to the United States of America, but being fed irrational hope from an administration for political purposes, endangering lives of immigrants and American citizens.

Yuma, Arizona, mayor Douglas Nichols said, ``I am urging the Federal level for additional resources for United States Customs and Border, the need for more space at migrant holding facilities that will allow for adherence to CDC guidelines, more COVID testing. There is no capacity in our current nonprofit system in Yuma.''

Our colleague, my friend from Texas, Mr. Cuellar, has said thousands of migrants have not been tested. Over 10,000 people have come in through the lower Rio Grande Valley. He said, ``Those folks aren't being tested.''

There are folks--my friends on the other side of the aisle who recognize what is happening.

My colleague, Mr. Gonzales, sent a letter to Biden, requesting a meeting, stating, ``It is imperative we get this situation under control or we are looking at another crisis on our hands.''

Well, that crisis is here, citing the large number of unaccompanied children and increased hospital admissions. This is happening right now.

Where is the President? Where is the Homeland Security Secretary? Where is anyone in this administration recognizing the crisis at our border, the death toll, the impact on citizens and immigrants who seek to come here?

Texas State senator, Chuy Hinojosa, Democrat, said, ``I don't think, quite frankly, the Biden administration was aware of what is happening on the ground here, which you can understand because they are just coming in and trying to get people up to speed with what is happening. But I don't think they were aware there were that many coming across. The Border Patrol is overwhelmed. They are throwing their hands up because they don't know what to do.''

That is all from my Democrat friend from Texas.

The CBP has already encountered nearly 400,000 illegal immigrants since October, and the numbers are rising. For contacts in the first 5 months of fiscal 2020, the CBP encountered 200,000. That is twice as many this year, twice as many.

What changed?

The administration's absurd, embarrassing, incompetent or, worse yet, purposefully malicious policies.

Just last month, February, the CBP encountered over 100,000 aliens at the border. One month. That is who they encountered. That is not got- aways. This is real.

Come do like I have done and go spend the night on the border. Go sit down at the river at the Rio Grande. Talk to the immigrants, in my case in broken Spanish. If you are fluent, talk to them or have somebody who can and talk to them about why they are coming. Talk to them about what the cartels are doing to them.

Have a conversation with a young man, like I did last year, about the pack of girls behind him, about whether they were abused on the journey. He said, ``Yes,'' ``Si.''

Or just continue to bury one's head in the sand and pretend it is compassionate to have open borders, because that is what is happening today in the people's House. These are human beings, y'all.

As of last month, the number of families encountered is the highest since January 2019. In January, 7,200--almost 7,300 family units were encountered. In February, that number skyrocketed to 19,246. That is not an accident. These are families.

Encounters with what we call UACs--unaccompanied alien children-- increased 74 percent year to date. Just last month, some 6,000 migrants aged 16 and 17 were caught. The Department

of Homeland Security currently projects there will be 117,000 unaccompanied child migrants crossing the border this year.

The number of migrant children is on pace to exceed the all-time record by 45 percent, and the administration does not have enough beds. The Biden administration needs another 20,000 beds to shelter the minors.

Now, I have a couple friends here, a couple colleagues, who I think are waiting to join.

Is the gentleman from California looking to add a few remarks?

I will yield to the gentleman from California in just one minute, and then my friend from Virginia after him.

But what I would say, when we are talking about these numbers, people get lost in the numbers, 20,000 beds, talking about 45 percent increase. Let's just be very clear. For those of us who spend time on the border--I am going back on Monday--these are human beings. These are people. They are not political pawns. And that goes for American citizens and for the immigrants who seek to come here.

And this is the dirty little secret. My Democratic colleagues know full well that what is happening at the border is going to be a catch- and-release organization. The Department of Homeland Security is turning the CBP into a catch-and-release organization. So you will see some of these numbers going down.

But don't kid yourself, the American people watching this. When the numbers go down in these facilities, it is because the Biden administration is purposefully catching and releasing folks, whether they have been tested or not, regardless of what kind of security threat they might pose, regardless of fully checking whether a child goes with a family member or not, whether they can be abused, put into the sex trafficking trade, because it is rote incompetence. When you see those numbers go down, just know what is happening.

11,000 people were caught and released in January and February, immediately caught and released from the CBP rather than being put in facilities.

Madam Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from California.

Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman for his remarks. He rightfully points out the impact on Miss Steinle and her family and American citizens in California being negatively impacted by illegal immigration.

I talked before about Jared Vargas from San Antonio, the city I represent, who was murdered a couple years ago. His twin brother just graduated from college. He is going on. His family is a beautiful family. They have a strong faith, and they are persevering, but their family was turned upside down by a brutal murder. He was beaten to death and burned. Beaten to death and burned by a guy who came here illegally, was caught and let go, caught and let go, caught and let go again. He beat and burned to death Jared Vargas.

These are real people. We can do hundreds of these. We can talk to the angel families who have lost loved ones. We can talk to the parents of law enforcement officers and others in Border Patrol who have lost loved ones along our border. We could do a whole hour, we could do a whole day just going through that impact and, as I pointed out before in the other slide, the impact on the immigrants who seek to come here.

This is the story, all in the false name of compassion by this administration.

I will be happy to yield in just 1 minute to the gentleman from Virginia.

My friend from California was raising the important points of the impact of illegal immigration. Now we are seeing it in real time, particularly in Texas, among all four States along the border and throughout this country, empowering cartels, endangering the lives of the immigrants who seek to come here, endangering American citizens for one reason and one reason only, and that is the crass political interests of the American Democratic Party and this administration.

Madam Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from Virginia.

Madam Speaker, in a moment I will yield to the gentlewoman from Georgia, and I thank the gentleman from Virginia for those remarks that are directly on point.

What we are seeing right now--you used the phrase that we are creating a ``sanctuary Nation,'' is a sanctuary country. Well, that is what is happening. That is what this administration is doing. You talk about sanctuary cities; this administration is just going right past sanctuary cities, and they want to make the United States of America a sanctuary Nation.

They are turning the Department of Homeland Security and the CBP into the welcoming center for a sanctuary Nation. And not a welcoming center in the sense that we would all agree we want to do as Americans, to make sure that those who are truly seeking refuge following our laws, seeking asylum, the things that our laws provide for people truly under persecution. No. They are using that as an excuse and cover for wide- open borders and, essentially, people seeking economic opportunity, which no one I know begrudges those who seek economic opportunity. But we do take issue with those who seek to violate our laws to come here, overwhelm our border, and an administration whose job it is to enforce the laws of the United States to refuse to do so.

It begs the question whether the President of the United States, as I said before, either has no idea what is happening at the border or whether it is purposeful. And if it is purposeful, is it the President of the United States choosing to refuse to defend the Constitution and the laws and to refuse to take care to see that the laws of the United States are faithfully executed as is required under the Constitution of the United States? I think it is a question this body ought to be asking.

The people's House ought to be asking: Is the President of the United States refusing to take care to ensure that the laws of the United States with respect to our borders are being faithfully executed?

I would posit that that is precisely what is happening, or the President of the United States has no idea what is happening at our border. Because, again, no American President can be so callous as to use raw, crass politics to allow what is happening at our border to happen to human beings, American citizens and immigrants alike. ``That guy who runs that outfit over there.''

I yield to the gentlewoman from Georgia.

Madam Speaker, I appreciate the gentlewoman from Georgia coming down and joining us in this conversation.

I did not realize that the gentlewoman had the pleasure of meeting with and getting to know the Vargas family or at least maybe the aunt and uncle, I think is what you said. And what I would tell you is that it is a truly wonderful family. They embody all that is right and good about the American Dream, about opportunity.

These are American citizens, American citizens who happen to have, you know, Hispanic family members, which is so ironic because--you know, those of us who really try to take and honor the idea of judging people by the content of their character and not their skin color or race or creed, I find it ironic that my colleagues on the other side of the aisle seem to only view the purpose of the legislative body to view human beings by the color of their skin and to make all of our policies based on segmenting us out.

To quote the Supreme Court Justice John Roberts in a seminal Supreme Court case, Divvying us up by race is a sordid business.

And my colleagues on the other side of the aisle often use words like ``voter suppression'' when we talk about believing we should have voter identification. Believing we should have rules in place about how we run our election systems, heaven forbid.

And would the gentlewoman agree that too often those words like ``voter suppression'' are code words, buzz words for the allegation that those of us who believe a secure border is better for immigrants and American citizens believe that voter ID and systems that make sure American citizens are the ones voting that we are labeled bigots, and that words like ``voter suppression'' are code words and buzz words, dog whistles that we are bigots and that the agenda of my colleagues on the other side of the aisle is often directed to label us as such. Would the gentlewoman agree with that?

Madam Speaker, a brief moment, a side-step away from the issue of border security--and I know the gentleman is here and is waiting patiently--and I would just ask one more question.

The gentlewoman was here on Monday when we let it be known our desire to not allow 13 bills--10 Democratic bills, 3 Republican bills--to move off of the House floor by voice vote, that is without a roll call vote. And you would have thought that we, you know, lit a match on the floor of the House of Representatives or had done something extraordinary to just break this hallowed institution from its smooth operations of today.

You would think that we were, you know, up-ending our Constitution as we know it because, believe it or not, we demanded the yeas and nays, a roll call vote, on 13 bills. The gentlewoman has also often taken to using motions to adjourn--and I believe I have heard she has done so and the gentlewoman stipulates she has done so--to force another hour of consideration when we have a bill like the $1.9 trillion monstrosity that reshapes the American economy, reshapes the American healthcare system, funds money for people in prison, up-ends our entire fiscal stability, I could go on and on.

Is the gentlewoman in agreement with me that what we are trying to do is to simply put our colleagues on notice that perhaps the people's House should debate, vote, amend, be present, not vote by proxy from your home districts, actually be here, not have fences with razor wire, actually do our job, actually represent the people that elect us to come here, would the gentlewoman agree with that? I yield to the gentlewoman.

Madam Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Georgia. I know I have my friend who has been waiting patiently, and so I will yield to that gentleman.

Madam Speaker, I would just note that the gentlewoman from Georgia mentioned video taken from southeast Texas this morning. I am looking at that on social media at the moment, a huge line of people waiting for smugglers to ferry them across the Rio Grande into the United States, video courtesy of Tripwires and Triggers, which is run by a fellow named Jaeson Jones, who is a good friend of mine, formerly with the Department of Public Safety in Texas.

Jaeson is on the job, on the spot, much like my friend Brandon Darby and others who work for Breitbart Texas who are on the spot, always trying to look out for the interests of Texans and American citizens, but also the immigrants who seek to come here.

These immigrants are being abused by cartels while my Democrat colleagues use them as political props. It is unconscionable that we are allowing that to continue in the greatest Nation in the history of the world, again, all for crass political purposes.

Madam Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from Montana (Mr. Rosendale).

Madam Speaker, reclaiming my time.

Would the gentleman be surprised if I recounted to him the story of when I was at the border last year at Laredo, and we were having a conversation with Border Patrol and went into one of the facilities, and we were talking to one of the fellows there. While we were there, through conversations with one of the young men who had come across-- frankly, encouraged to do so and come in and meet with Border Patrol in order to get across. He then gave up the location of a stash house in Houston, Texas, where we then went and found, that day, 50 immigrants in a basement, in a stash house in Houston, Texas, being held essentially for ransom.

These were human beings, the product of a broken system that my colleagues on the other side of the aisle hail as somehow pro-immigrant when it is decidedly the opposite of pro-immigrant.

Would the gentleman agree with that?

Madam Speaker, it certainly goes without saying.

I started my remarks earlier about the knowledge and the engagement of this President and the President's administration, that the policies of this administration, the policies of Democrat cities, the policies of Democrat States, with sanctuary cities and sanctuary States, and now, effectively, a sanctuary Nation, are directly causing the movement and the migration of human beings to come here, being exploited by cartels for profit, endangering their lives, endangering American citizens.

Yes, for any understanding of law, you are complicit in what is happening to the people in question.

Madam Speaker, and I would say to my friend that the scourge of human trafficking, in all of its elements--and human trafficking in the sense of the sex trafficking trade, modern-day slavery right here in the United States, people being under the thumb of dangerous organizations, cartels, and illegal organizations embedded in this country. It all has its roots and connections, in many ways, to the trafficking of human beings across our border for profit.

The power being put over these people, in which they are working in subpar conditions or put into the sex trade, that is happening in the greatest country in the history of the world, and it is all a direct consequence of accepting and embracing that lawlessness.

That lawlessness starts at our border and is also tied to our lack of enforcement and interior enforcement, through ICE, and the other cutbacks by my colleagues on the other side of the aisle.

Madam Speaker, may I inquire how much time is remaining.

Madam Speaker, what I would like to expand upon is an extension of what my friend from Montana was just talking about, what is happening to human beings here in the United States.

But now let's talk a little about the impact with respect to COVID and the pandemic that we are dealing with. The Biden administration, in its infinite wisdom directly causing what we are seeing at the border, relaxed title 42 to allow illegal alien minors to enter the country, leading to a massive surge of illegal immigrants at the border in total.

In February, CBP encountered nearly 9,500 unaccompanied alien children at the southern border. That is a 28 percent increase over January, more than 2,000 over last year, and, incredibly, almost 30,000 UACs have been encountered in just the first 5 months of the fiscal year, 30,000 children. That is nearly a thousand more UACs than the first 5 months of last year, but it is a 74 percent increase over fiscal year 2020 numbers.

Here is the thing: It is harming these kids, but it is also distracting Border Patrol from their job. They are turning Border Patrol into an entity that has to manage people, kids in facilities, but they are no longer doing their job between the ports of entry.

Do you know what that means? Fentanyl, narcotics. Why do we have a mass opioid crisis in this country? Now we are feeding into that as a literal, direct, and obvious result of the policies of this administration.

It has to be, as I said as I opened, either complete incompetence or purposeful. Either one of those is unacceptable.

Madam Speaker, Mexico is closing their Migrant Protection Protocol shelters where migrants are supposed to be tested and confirmed negative for COVID before being let into the United States. Reports have indicated at least 108 COVID-positive illegal aliens were released by CBP in one fell swoop. According to reports, at least 185 immigrants released in the past month in Brownsville tested positive.

Madam Speaker, 25 Border Patrol agents have died of COVID, but the administration is taking no major steps to prioritize those frontline workers for the vaccine in the last 2 months. Most of them are having to go into the communities to go get the vaccine, even though they are on the front lines, dealing with COVID-positive individuals coming across our border.

Madam Speaker, it is for this reason that my colleague from New Mexico, Yvette Herrell, introduced H.R. 471, the Protecting Americans from Unnecessary Spread upon Entry from COVID Act of 2021, or the PAUSE Act.

Title 42 must remain in effect under her act until all State and Federal lockdowns, stay-at-home orders, curfews, and other COVID mandates end; all public and Federal public health emergencies for COVID-19 end; and the CDC's COVID-19 travel health risk level for Canada and Mexico is reduced to level 1.

Madam Speaker, that is a good bill. We should continue to enforce title 42. There are 44 cosponsors to this bill, only Republicans.

Yesterday, I filed H. Res. 216, which is a rule to discharge this bill. When it ripens, which is another 8 or so legislative days, we are going to be pushing to discharge that bill from committee and vote on it on the floor of the House of Representatives.

I hope my Democrat colleagues will agree that we should enforce title 42 to protect American citizens and make sure that we don't have an epidemic at our southern border.

Madam Speaker, this is what we are facing, and it is a direct consequence of

an administration peddling amnesty and the false hope to immigrants to come here through dangerous channels, being abused by cartels in the process.

Madam Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Gohmert), my friend.

Madam Speaker, I thank my friend from Texas for his remarks.

Madam Speaker, I think the gentleman who has spent time at the border, as I have, would appreciate the story that I can recount. When I was last there, there was a conversation involving a young man who had come across, and he was being questioned, as the gentleman just described. He was questioned about where he came from and all the things to go through, his age and so forth, and then at one point the young man said he needed to use the bathroom.

The Border Patrol agent said: Oh, sure, it is no problem. Let me get up and show you where it is.

He said: Oh, I know.

He knew. He knew where the bathroom was. This wasn't his first rodeo. This is happening every day at our border, literally every day.

But the media just goes about its business, ignoring the crisis now that it is not politically expedient to do so. My colleagues on the other side of the aisle spent the last 3 years saying that it is all a manufactured crisis and that there is no crisis at the border. Then with Trump, there was a crisis suddenly. There wasn't a crisis, and then there was a crisis.

Then there were people drinking out of toilets--a lie. Then it was kids in cages--a lie. Fences and barriers were put up in facilities to protect these kids and separate them from the dangerous elements to make sure someone claiming that they are this kid's uncle is actually the kid's uncle.

Those chain-link barriers that were put up in these facilities were put up by whom?

Madam Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Gohmert).

That is exactly correct.

Yet for 4 years under the Trump administration, my colleagues on the other side of the aisle went around ranting about the treatment of migrants, whom we are dealing with because of very broken policies, trying to protect the kids, keep them from being abused, put them in air-conditioned facilities with airflow, the chain-link barriers so you can see them--oh, no. Kids in cages. Oh, drinking out of a toilet. It was a lie. It was a straight-up lie.

I sent my chief of staff down the next day. He went to where they were talking about it, and it was one of those devices that is a toilet with a water fountain off the back of it, which we have in all of our facilities and in a lot of our prison facilities and ICE facilities in this country.

By the way, in every bathroom in America, the water supply behind the drywall is supplying the water to your faucet and the water to your toilet, Madam Speaker. Oh, but this is kids drinking out of toilets.

``Never let a crisis go to waste,'' say my colleagues on the other side of the aisle. We are seeing that right now with $1.9 trillion. We are seeing that right now. And we are seeing the result of that right now with a Biden border crisis directly of the making of this administration.

It is the direct consequence of undoing and refusing to enforce their laws; undoing the migrant protection protocol working with Mexico; refusing to fully enforce title 42; refusing to go through what you are supposed to do on asylum determinations; refusing to limit catch and release and instead turning the Department of Homeland Security into a catch-and-release organization, trumpeting an amnesty bill; and then attracting families to come through dangerous channels, risking their own children and lives at the hands of cartels, all to profit and enrich cartels; and then have the audacity to say that is compassion and the audacity to say that that is pro-immigrant.

Meanwhile, the people I represent, the Texans we represent, are having to foot the bill. We are having to deal with it. We are having to deal with schools. We are having to deal with high-speed chases. We are having to deal with crime, drug trafficking, and the reach of cartels in south Texas. And no one in this people's House gives a whit because of political expediency.

Madam Speaker, how much time do I have remaining?

Madam Speaker, I ask my friend from Texas if he has anything else he would like to add.

Madam Speaker, I will close my last minute to just say that it is currently easier for the cartels to exploit our Southern border and to allow gang members and dangerous narcotics to come into this country than it is for the American people to get access to the people's House. Fences with razor wire surround this building. We are apparently so afraid of what might happen to us in this body that we need fences and razor wire, but, meanwhile, our Southern border is wide open for exploitation.

I am only just reminded of when I started that the guy who runs that outfit over there in the White House, that the guy either is blatantly ignoring his duty to defend the border of the United States purposely or he has no idea what is going on, because no American President--no American President--

should or would allow this kind of activity to be happening at our Southern border, endangering American citizens and endangering immigrants in the name of the United States.

Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Speaker, I rise in sadness and heartbreak in remembrance of the Tulsa-Greenwood Race Massacre, that occurred in the African American Greenwood community of Tulsa, Oklahoma on May 31-June 1, 1921 and is perhaps the preeminent example in this nation's history of man's inhumanity to man.

I was honored to be in Tulsa this past week and take part in the Black Wall Street Legacy Fest,'' held to remember the souls lost in Tulsa-Greenwood Race Massacre and to mark the centennial of those days of horror and evil.

I was doubly honored to be asked, as the author and sponsor of H. Res. 398, to give the keynote address at the Black Wall Street Legacy Fest Luncheon honoring the victims and remaining survivors of this American Kristallnacht.

I include in the Record the text of my speech on that occasion.

Madam Speaker, not a single member of the invading, riotous, and murderous white mob that destroyed Greenwood in 1921 was ever sent to prison for any of the murders or arson committed against the Black residents.

Adding insult to this injustice, the 1921 Tulsa grand jury indicted 85 people, the majority of whom were African Americans, with massacre- related offenses.

Why? Because in the eyes of the grand jury, a group of armed Black residents standing up for equal rights understandably provoked the White crowd, and therefore, the entire Black community in Greenwood essentially deserved what happened.

But we know that no lie can live forever and, as the poet William Cullen Bryant prophesied, ``truth crushed to earth will rise again.''

That is why we came to Tulsa.

We came to tell the world that we know what really happened, and that we will always remember, and never stop pursuing justice for the victims and survivors of the Tulsa-Greenwood Race Massacre and their descendants.

Whatever it takes and for how long it takes.

Some might ask'' ``Why dwell on the past? Let us forget unpleasant things and move on into the future.''

My answer is to quote the great southern writer William Faulkner: ``The past is never dead. It is not even the past.''

The hatreds, prejudices, resentments, and white supremacy that Black Americans witnessed and suffered in Greenwood a century ago are not dead; they are not even past.

We wanted to remind the nation that in 1921, Tulsa's Greenwood I District, known as ``Black Wall Street,'' was one of the most documented prosperous African American communities in the United States.

The Greenwood community with a population of over 100,000 Black people had stores that sold luxury items, 21 restaurants, 30 grocery stores, a hospital, a savings and loan bank, a post office, three hotels, jewelry and clothing stores, two movie theaters, a library, pool halls, a bus and cab service, a nationally recognized school system, six private airplanes, and two black newspapers.

But on May 31st of that year, the 35 city blocks of Greenwood went up in flames, at least 300 Black persons were murdered and more than 800 were injured; it is estimated that not less than 9,000 were left homeless and destitute.

The message of the Tulsa Race Massacre was clear to Black America: ``Stay in your place. Do not attempt to accumulate and bequeath wealth or own property. Remember your history in America is as chattel property.''

Were they still alive, the domestic terrorists of the mob in I Greenwood would see their evil reenacted--and then followed by a similar attempt to cover-up it and foster collective amnesia--a century later in the siege and desecration of the hallowed halls of the U.S. Capitol, the `Citadel of Democracy'.

It should not be overlooked that the source of the January 6 white mob's irrational anger, hatred, and violent reaction was that Black

Americans voted in overwhelming numbers in Atlanta, Detroit, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, and other enclaves to oust the most pro-White supremacy President since the Civil War.

So my message to the descendants of the survivors and victims of the Greenwood Race Massacre is to keep fighting for justice, to never be silent, to affirm the truth, and seek accountability.

To accentuate this point, I shared the story of how we were able to pass H.R. 398, the House resolution recognizing the centennial of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre when no one thought it possible because it appeared to violate a long-standing rule of the House prohibiting consideration of legislation ``commemorating'' dates, events, persons, and places.

How did we get it done? By not taking no for an answer. By marshalling our allies and demonstrating our commitment and resolve.

And by developing an alternative that was, if anything, more effective but not subject to a challenge that it violated the anticommemorative prohibition.

And in the end, we won as opponents capitulated and acquiesced to the adoption of the resolution, which now stands for all time as a rebuke and condemnation of the utter moral depravity inflicted on the Black residents of Greenwood community of Tulsa, Oklahoma.

This would not have happened without the steely determination of two special members of my personal staff: Lillie Coney, my Director of Policy, and Gregory Berry, my Chief Counsel.

They were guided by the advice of the great Harriet Tubman, a black woman who risked her life to shepherd slaves along the Underground Railroad:

If you hear the dogs, keep going.

If you see the torches in the woods, keep going.

If they're shouting after you, keep going.

Don't ever stop. Keep going.

If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.

I thank all of the Members, 99 in total, who joined me as sponsors of H. Res. 398 and the House leadership for their cooperation and assistance in ensuring that the condemnation of the 1921 Tulsa Greenwood Race Massacre is forever recorded in the annals of this body, and for their help in the work that lies ahead to bring justice to the survivors and to overcome and dismantle all remaining badges and vestiges of slavery, America's Original Sin.

Madam Speaker, I also ask the House to observe a moment of silence in memory of the victims and survivors of the Tulsa Race Massacre, and their descendants who carry the terrible memories of that horrific day and still grieve over the loss of so many loved ones and of faith in the American system of justice.

Honoring Descendants and Survivors of 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre

Thank you for that generous introduction and to your team

for putting together this important and impressive event.

As was just said, I am Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee

representing the 18th Congressional District of Texas,

hailing from the great city of Houston.

I am also a senior member of the Congressional Black Caucus

and the House Judiciary Committee and its Subcommittee on the

Constitution, Civil Rights and Liberties, and the Chair of

the Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Homeland Security, and

Terrorism.

So from these perches, I can tell you that there was no

way, no how, that I was going to let centennial of the one of

the greatest injustices in human history, the 1921 Tulsa Race

Massacre, be ignored or go unrecognized.

And neither was the Congressional Black Caucus.

And we were not going to let the Congress turn a deaf ear

to the cries of justice--and just compensation--to the

victims and survivors of perhaps the worst example in

American history of man's inhumanity to man.

Not a single member of the invading, riotous, and murderous

white I mob was ever sent to prison for any of the murders or

arson committed against the Black residents of Greenwood on

May 31 and June 1, 1921.

Adding insult to this injustice, the 1921 Tulsa grand jury

indicted 85 people, the majority of whom were African

Americans, with massacre-related offenses.

Why? Because in the eyes of the grand jury, a group of

armed Black residents standing up for equal rights

understandably provoked the White crowd, and therefore, the

entire Black community in Greenwood essentially deserved what

happened.

But we know that no lie can live forever and, as the poet

William Cullen Bryant prophesied, ``truth crushed to earth

will rise again.''

That is why we are here.

We are here to tell the world that we know what really

happened, and that we will always remember, and never stop

pursuing justice for the victims and survivors of the Tulsa-

Greenwood Race Massacre and their descendants.

Whatever it takes and for how long it takes.

Some might ask ``Why dwell on the past? Let us forget

unpleasant things and move on into the future.''

My answer is to quote the great southern writer William

Faulkner: ``The past is never dead. It is not even the

past.''

The hatreds, prejudices, resentments, and white supremacy

that Black Americans witnessed and suffered in Greenwood a

century ago are not dead; they are not even past.

A century ago, White rioters, local law enforcement, and

self-appointed vigilantes claimed to be acting reasonably and

in self-defense against what they feared was an upcoming

Black uprising.

They resented the economic prosperity and self-sufficiency

of the Greenwood community, which was known nationally as

``Black Wall Street.''

They viewed Black males as fearsome physical threats to

their personal safety and as rivals to white women.

These baseless, irrational concerns are not a relic of the

past, they are with us today and are what resulted in the

deaths of George Floyd, Terence Crutcher, Tamir Rice, Deonte

Wright, Stephon Clark, Amidou Diallo, and hundreds of others

too numerous to list.

Were they still alive, the domestic terrorists of the mob

in Greenwood would see their evil reenacted a century later

in the siege and desecration of the hallowed halls of the

U.S. Capitol, the `Citadel of Democracy'.

It should not be overlooked that the source of the January

6 white mob's irrational anger, hatred, and violent reaction

was that Black Americans voted in overwhelming numbers in the

Atlanta, Philadelphia, Milwaukee, and Detroit to oust the

most negative, divisive, racially hostile, and incompetent

President in history, the 45th President, who presided over

the deaths of more than 500,000 Americans, disproportionately

Black and Brown.

So we will not be silent, we will not be still, we will not

ever forget what happened to the peaceful, law-abiding, and

America-loving Black residents of Greenwood a century ago.

That is why earlier this year I introduced a resolution--

some of you may have heard of it (H. Res. 215 later modified

as H. Res. 398)--joined by 86 cosponsors, recognizing the

centennial of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre.

We wanted to remind the nation that in 1921, Tulsa's

Greenwood District, known as ``Black Wall Street,'' was one

of the most documented prosperous African American

communities in the United States.

The Greenwood community with a population of over 100,000

Black people had stores that sold luxury items, 21

restaurants, 30 grocery stores, a hospital, a savings and

loan bank, a post office, three hotels, jewelry and clothing

stores, two movie theaters, a library, pool halls, a bus and

cab service, a nationally recognized school system, six

private airplanes, and two black newspapers.

But on May 31st of that year, the 35 city blocks of

Greenwood went up in flames, at least 300 Black persons were

murdered and more than 800 were injured; it is estimated that

not less than 9,000 were left homeless and destitute.

The legacy of white mob violence inflicted upon the Black

community of Greenwood has scarred the descendants of the

victims of this American pogrom.

H.R. 398 is a reminder to the nation of the ultimate

cruelty inflicted upon a people for dare believing that the

promise of America was attainable by them and their

achievements would be respected and protected by law.

But it does more than that, it puts the House of

Representatives on record that the only way the United States

can achieve a more perfect union is:

1. by condemning the violence and destruction perpetrated

against the African-American community of Greenwood, in

Tulsa, Oklahoma, the scene of the then-largest single

instance of domestic terror against American citizens;

2. through the rejection and active opposition to the false

ideology of White supremacy and condemnation of all groups

and organizations that ascribe to this false system of belief

and seek to perpetuate their views through violence and

unlawful conduct;

3. by promoting tolerance and unity and taking actions to

ensure that governmental policies and actions do not foster

division, disharmony, or intolerance;

4. by calling upon all Americans to celebrate the ethnic,

racial, and religious diversity that has made the United

States the leader of the community of nations and the beacon

of hope and inspiration to oppressed persons everywhere;

5. encouraging all persons in the United States to reflect

upon the history of the United States as an imperfect but

committed journey to establish a more perfect union and to

cherish and exercise the rights, privileges, and

responsibilities guaranteed by the Constitution; and

6. recognizing the commitment of Congress to acknowledge

and learn from the history of racism and racial violence in

the United States, including the Tulsa Race Massacre, to

reverse the legacy of White supremacy and fight for racial

justice.

But we must also ensure that the survivors and their

descendants finally receive the direct financial compensation

to redress the horrific injuries and losses sustained in the

Tulsa Race Massacre.

Earlier this month, the House Judiciary Committee held a

hearing on the Tulsa Race Massacre and heard powerful and

heart-rending testimony from the remaining three survivors of

the Tulsa-Greenwood Race Massacre of the atrocities they

lived through and the malignant neglect of governmental

officials who failed in their duty to provide equal

protection under law.

For any persons questioning why we will not move on or why

we continue the quest

for justice or who suggest that talking about the Tulsa Race

Massacre is racially divisive, they need to put themselves in

the shoes of 7-year old `Mother Fletcher' or 6-year old

`Mother Randle' or an infant `Uncle Red,' the three remaining

survivors of an 'American Kristallnacht,' that occurred on

United States soil 17 years before it was repeated in Nazi

Germany in 1938.

Listen to Viola (``Mother'') Fletcher:

``On May 31st, 1921, I went to bed in my family's home in

the Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa. The neighborhood I feel

asleep in that night was rich--not just in terms of wealth,

but in culture, community, and heritage. My family had a

beautiful home. We had great neighbors and I had friends to

play with. I felt safe. I had everything a child could need.

I had a bright future ahead of me. Greenwood could have given

me the chance to truly make it in this country.

``Within a few hours, all of that was gone. The night of

the Massacre I was woken up by my family. My parents and five

siblings were there. I was told we had to leave. And that was

it.

``I will never forget the violence of the white mob when we

left our house. I still see Black men being shot, and Black

bodies lying in the street. I still smell smoke and see fire.

I still see Black businesses being burned. I still hear

airplanes flying overhead. I hear the screams. I live through

the Massacre every day.

``When my family was forced to leave Tulsa, I lost my

chance at an education. I never finished school past the

fourth grade. I have never made much money.''

And listen to Lessie Evelyn Benningfield (``Mother'')

Randle:

``100 years ago, in 1921, I was a 6-year-old child. I was

blessed to live with my grandmother in a beautiful Black

community in Tulsa Oklahoma, called Greenwood. I was lucky. I

had a home. I had toys. I didn't have any fears as a young

child, and I felt very safe. My community was beautiful and

was filled with happy and successful Black people. Then

everything changed.

``It was like a war. White men with guns came and destroyed

my community. We couldn't understand why. What did we do to

them? We didn't understand. We were just living. But they

came, and they destroyed everything.

``They burned houses and businesses. They just took what

they wanted out of the buildings then they burned them. They

murdered people.

``We were told they just dumped the dead bodies into the

river. I remember running outside of our house. I ran past

dead bodies. It wasn't a pretty sight. I still see it today

in my mind--100 years later.

``I was so scared--I didn't think we would make it out

alive. I remember people were running everywhere. We waited

for the soldiers to come, and when they finally came, they

took us to the fairgrounds where we would be safe. It felt

like so long before they came.

``I survived the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre. And I have

survived 100 years of painful memories and losses.''

Or listen to World War II veteran Hughes (``Uncle Red'')

Van Ellis:

``I am 100 years old. And I am a survivor of the Tulsa Race

Massacre. Because of the Massacre, my family was driven from

our home. We were left with nothing. We were made refugees in

our own country.

``My childhood was hard, and we didn't have much. We

worried what little we had would be stolen from us. Just like

it was stolen in Tulsa. You may have been taught that when

something is stolen from you, you can go to the courts to be

made whole. You can go to the courts to get justice. This

wasn't the case for us. The courts in Oklahoma wouldn't hear

us. The federal courts said we were too late.

``We were made to feel that our struggles were unworthy of

justice. That we were less valued than whites, that we

weren't fully American. We were shown that in the United

States, not all men were equal under law. We were shown that

when Black voices called out for justice, no one cared.''

Rarely have we seen a fellow citizen who exemplifies the

spirit of America--indomitable will, moral courage, faith,

determination, and optimism--as we saw `Mother Randle',

`Mother Fletcher', and `Uncle Red'.

In addition to surviving the Tulsa-Greenwood Race Massacre,

Mother Fletcher and Mother Randle also lived through the 1918

and 2020 global pandemics, the era of racial terror against

Black Americans, and Jim Crow; and Uncle Red survived combat

in the Far East during World War II in the 234th AAA Gun

Battalion, an all-black battalion in the segregated U.S.

Army.

So we should heed the wisdom of these remarkable Americans

who have retained their love for America but have yet to

receive just compensation for the horrendous crimes committed

against them and their community and honor their urgent plea

to enact H.R. 40, legislation I introduced establishing a

national commission to examine: (1) slavery and

discrimination in the colonies and the United States from

1619 to the present.

As important, H.R. 40 also mandates that the Commission

recommend appropriate remedies to address and ameliorate the

lingering negative effects of slavery on living African-

Americans and society.

In closing, let me share with you the story of how we were

able to pass the House resolution recognizing the forthcoming

centennial of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre when no one

thought it possible because it appeared to violate a long-

standing rule of the House prohibiting consideration of

legislation ``commemorating'' dates, events, persons, and

places.

How did we get it done? By not taking no for an answer. By

marshalling our allies and demonstrating our commitment and

resolve. And by developing an alternative that was, if

anything, more effective but not subject to a challenge that

it violated the anti-commemorative prohibition.

And in the end, our opponents capitulated and gave in and

acquiesced to the adoption of the resolution, which now

stands for all time as a rebuke and condemnation of the utter

moral depravity inflicted on the Black residents of Greenwood

community of Tulsa, Oklahoma.

So I close by leaving you with the advice we followed and

that you should always remember.

It comes from the great Harriet Tubman, a black woman who

risked her life to shepherd slaves along the Underground

Railroad:

If you hear the dogs, keep going.

If you see the torches in the woods, keep going.

If they're shouting after you, keep going.

Don't ever stop. Keep going.

If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.

Thank you very much for inviting me to join you for this

important remembrance of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre and

your fellowship to get justice for the victims and survivors

and their descendants.

It is an honor to be with you today.

Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members have 5 legislative days to revise and extend their remarks and include any extraneous material on the subject of this Special Order.

Madam Speaker, I am honored to share today's Special Order hour on Black Wall Street on behalf of the Congressional Black Caucus, which is chaired by our great leader, Congressmember Joyce Beatty.

I want to extend my condolences to Congressmember Beatty and her family for the loss of her husband.

On May 30, 1921, a single scream in an elevator became the spark that ignited a powder keg of racial terror that set on fire Black Wall Street. A young Black man enters an elevator, and an elevator operator, a young White woman, screams, giving the impression that she had been assaulted.

A local newspaper, the Tulsa Tribune, accuses the young Black man of raping the young White woman. The headline of the article was an incitement to racial violence: ``Nab the Negro Who Attacked the Girl in the Elevator.''

As a result of the incitement, a White lynch mob descended on Black Wall Street and set on fire the wealthiest Black community in the United States, reducing it to ashes. The ashes of Black Wall Street are a metaphor for the failure of Reconstruction.

In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, there were newly emancipated African Americans who set out to build a better life for themselves and their family, only to be held back by racial terror and violence that ultimately came to be codified in the form of Jim Crow.

We, as the CBC, are not only here to recite the facts of the Tulsa Race Massacre, but we are also here to reflect on the deeper meaning. The massacre in Tulsa tells a larger story about false accusation as an incitement to violence. It tells a larger story about the failure of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow. It tells a larger story about domestic terrorism and white supremacist extremism as a form of domestic terror. It tells a larger story about the systematic denial and destruction of Black wealth. And, finally, it tells a larger story about the legacy of discrimination and the need for restitution.

It is worth noting that here in the United States Congress there is no greater champion of reparations than the chair of the Special Order hour, Congressmember Jackson Lee.

Madam Speaker, I yield to the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee).

Madam Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Johnson).

Mr. Speaker, I thank Mr. Johnson for his deep insight and kind words earlier.

Some background on Tulsa, Oklahoma: The district of Greenwood in its time was famously described by Booker T. Washington as ``Black Wall Street.'' It was so named because it was the most vibrant and affluent African-American community in the United States. It was an oasis of opportunity in a desert of du jour discrimination.

For many African Americans in search of a better life, it was a promised land amid the broken promise of Reconstruction. It was home to 10,000 residents. There were 30 vibrant restaurants, 45 vibrant grocers and meat markets. There was a 54-room hotel. There was a theater and a hospital.

Black Wall Street was a self-contained, self-sufficient community of Black wealth, a community of Black entrepreneurship and Black ownership.

And Black Wall Street, at the hands of racial terrorism, at the hands of racial violence, the wealthiest Black community in the United States became a scene of mass murder, looting, and arson. It became a scene of death, destruction, and displacement. Nothing was spared in the Tulsa Race Massacre.

Churches, schools, and hospitals were burned down. Twelve thousand homes were burned down. Thirty-five blocks burned down. The Tulsa burning had a death toll of 300 and a displacement toll of 10,000. Ten thousand people lost their homes, their businesses, and their livelihoods. And 6,000 of those people were relegated to internment camps.

Then, after the internment camps, Black professionals, Black business owners who lost everything, were forced to live in tents and shacks. It was the worst act of racial terrorism and one of the worst acts of domestic terrorism in the history of the United States.

Now, I see a parallel between the Tulsa Race Massacre and January 6. The insurrection against the United States Congress on January 6 was not simply an attack on a physical structure, it was an expression of racial rage and resentment against multiracial democracy. And the same is true of the Tulsa Race Massacre.

We have to recognize that the domestic terrorism that we saw unfold on January 6 did not happen in a vacuum. It has a history, and that history includes the KKK; it includes Jim Crow, and, yes, it includes the Tulsa Race Massacre. And it is a scandal in America that most Americans have never heard of the Tulsa Race Massacre.

Madam Speaker, as Congressman Johnson noted earlier, it has been referred to as a race riot, which is an attempt to whitewash the white supremacist, domestic terrorism at the heart of the massacre. And so we are here to tell the truth about the Tulsa Greenwood Massacre because we see a proper revision of history away from whitewashing as part of our national reckoning with race in America.

It is worth noting that in 2021, Black homeownership is at historic lows. The rate of Black homeownership is lower today than it was before the Fair Housing Act in the 1960s. The gap between Black and White homeownership has never been greater. According to the Federal Reserve, White households on average have eight times more wealth than Black households. And part of the reason is the Tulsa massacre, and the systemic racism that it represents.

There is a racial income gap between White households and Black households, but there is an even greater wealth gap. And the wealth gap is not an accident, it is a product of public policy. It is a consequence of systemic racism.

During the post-war era, we saw Black Americans systematically excluded from programs providing homeownership and higher education, which are the pillars of wealth-building. And if you have no home to own, then you have no home equity to build. And if you have no home equity to build, then you have no wealth to pass down from one generation to the next.

And so, instead of realizing the dream of intergenerational wealth, too many Black Americans were condemned by public policy, condemned by systemic racism to the nightmare of intergenerational poverty. The Tulsa Race Massacre should be understood as a microcosm of what white supremacy has done to Black people and Black property, to Black business and Black

community. And the ghosts of Jim Crow, the ghosts of the Tulsa and Greenwood massacre hunts us till this day.

I represent a neighborhood named Arthur Avenue in the Bronx, and many of the businesses on Arthur Avenue have been owned by the same family for more than 100 years, but those businesses--all of them are white.

And I thought to myself, what if Black Wall Street had been left alone, had been left to survive and thrive. It may very well be the case that some of those businesses would have endured until 2021. We could have had businesses owned by Black families for more than a century had it not been for the racial terrorism that took hold in 1921. And we know that when it comes to business, longevity is often the basis for resilience. Established businesses which tend to be wealthier and whiter had greater resilience in the face of COVID-19; whereas, newer businesses, which tend to be Black and Brown, were too fragile to survive the cataclysm of COVID-19.

In the first two months of the outbreak, 44 percent of Black businesses were wiped out, which raises the question, what if Black Wall Street were left to thrive, and what if we could have had businesses that would have endured for more than a century and could have had the resilience, the longevity, to overcome even a cataclysmic event like COVID-19.

Madam Speaker, I want to provide some more historic background, on May 31-June 1, 1921, a White mob attacked America's Black Wall Street, the Greenwood district of Tulsa, Oklahoma, and what is known as the Tulsa-Greenwood Race Massacre. The White mob of thousands of people shot and murdered Black residents, looted their homes and businesses, and burned more than 1,000 homes, churches, schools, and businesses. Not only did local authorities and law enforcement fail to maintain civil order and protect Tulsa's Black residents, some government agents aided the White mob in carrying out the massacre.

Many of the residents who fled the massacre were detained in internment camps immediately following the massacre. And local officials later made, and ultimately failed, an attempt to block the ability of the Black community to rebuild the Greenwood commercial district by enacting a restrictive building ordinance.

Less than a month after the massacre, a grand jury placed the blame entirely on the Black community and indicted 85 people--mostly African- Americans--with massacre-related offenses. No White person was ever held individually accountable for crimes committed during the massacre, and the vast majority of survivors and their descendants were never directly compensated for these harms.

So not only did a White lynch mob set the most vibrant, Black community on fire, but then the United States proceeded to whitewash the history of the Tulsa massacre, claiming that it was a race riot rather than the act of domestic terrorism that it was and should always be seen as. No White person was held to account, and no Black person was made whole.

Despite the acute challenges of racism in the late 19th and early 20th century, Black residents have been able to create thriving community in the Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma. However, this community was literally burned to the ground in one of the worst incidents of racial violence in American history. And to this day, no one has been truly held responsible. And it is worth noting, even though Greenwood has rebuilt itself, Greenwood does have among the highest rates of poverty and unemployment in the city of Tulsa, which demonstrates the legacy of systemic racism, how hard it can be to overcome that legacy.

The Tulsa Massacre resulted in property damage valued anywhere from $25 million to $100 million when adjusted in today's dollars. As the descendants of the white mob that looted Tulsa businesses have had the opportunity to benefit from the wealth of their ancestors, many Black survivors of the Tulsa Massacre and their descendants have not been able to recoup the wealth that had been lost or destroyed during the massacre.

Despite the Oklahoma Commission to study the race massacre of 1921 stating, ``Reparations to the historic Greenwood community in real and tangible form would be good public policy and do much to repair the emotional and physical scars of this terrible incident in our shared past.'' Despite that finding, neither the State of Oklahoma nor the city of Tulsa has provided direct compensation to survivors or their descendants.

Discrimination against Black Tulsans did not end following the massacre. Over the local decades, local ordinances to prevent rebuilding, redlining, urban renewal, and slum clearance, gentrification, highway construction, tearing apart communities.

I will offer a note of personal reflection. I represent the South Bronx, which has been ravaged by a racist highway known as the Cross Bronx Expressway. It was built by Robert Moses and largely funded by Federal dollars. And the Cross Bronx Expressway has left behind decades of displacement and environmental degradation.

There are children who are born in the Bronx who live near the Cross Bronx Expressway, who breathe in pollutants every day that cause respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. And we saw those diseases become lethal during COVID-19.

As a son of the Bronx, I was often in three places. I was at home, I was at school, and I was in the emergency room, because I was repeatedly hospitalized for asthma. And the asthma epidemic in the Bronx, again, is not an accident. It is a consequence of the Cross Bronx Expressway, which is both literally and metaphorically a structure of racism. The South Bronx has a childhood asthma hospitalization rate that is double to three times the national average.

So like the South Bronx, the neighborhood of Greenwood has its own racist highway. And one of the most exciting features of the American Jobs Plan is a proposed $20 billion fund that would rebuild neighborhoods that have been divided and devastated by the structural racism of highways. And I hope neighborhoods like Greenwood and the South Bronx will benefit from our national reckoning with race.

The impact of the massacre and the ongoing systemic discrimination is clear when you compare North Tulsa, where many Black residents of Tulsa now live, to other areas. North Tulsan residents are significantly poorer than residents in other parts of the city. There are fewer businesses and large-scale employers in North Tulsa than in other cities.

According to a 2018 city study, North Tulsa had the fewest jobs of any region of Tulsa. The unemployment rate is 2.37 percent times higher for Black Tulsans than for White Tulsans. The lowest life expectancy in Tulsa occurs in the poorest regions with the greatest concentration of Black residents.

The United States has a responsibility to both acknowledge the harm caused by the Tulsa Massacre and to enact legal remedies and policy proposals to compensate survivors and their descendants. And as many of you know, there is no greater champion of making the victims of systemic racism whole, no greater champion of reparations than the chair of our Special Order hour, Congress Member Jackson Lee.

Madam Speaker, I yield to the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. Jackson Lee).

Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Speaker, I thank Congressman Torres for anchoring this very important Special Order hour today.

I also want to extend my deepest condolences to the chair of the Congressional Black Caucus and my friend, the Honorable Joyce Beatty, who lost her dear husband a few days ago. He passed away. He was a fine public servant and a fine civil rights champion, and he will be missed. We are there in prayer and in spirit with our dear sister.

It has been said that sunlight is the best disinfectant, yet the terrible atrocity that took place in Tulsa, Oklahoma, 100 years ago, on May 31 and June 1 of 1921, has lived in the shadows for far too long. It is time that the truth be told. We must know our past or we are bound to repeat it.

In 1921, the Black community in Tulsa, Oklahoma, was prospering, despite a racist system designed to marginalize and exclude it and its residents from the fruits of those citizens' labor. It was a community known as Greenwood, and it was also known as the Black Wall Street.

It was a thriving community. There were restaurants, grocery stores, hotels, theaters, banks, insurance companies, all owned by Black people. This community was self-sufficient. It was prospering, despite the fact that segregation was the norm and the lynching of Black men was as common as the white hoods of the KKK.

The simple fact is this: The Black community was succeeding in Tulsa, so White people burned it down. White supremacy and Jim Crow were the sparks that lit the fire. The massacre occurred over a 24-hour period, from May 30 to June 1 of 1921. And it all began like so many other racially motivated events: A false allegation against a Black man.

In response, a White mob of thousands shot, beat, and murdered Black residents, and they did it with impunity.

They looted Black homes and businesses and set fires in their wake, this White mob. They were aided and abetted by the National Guard and also deputized killers, looters, and arsonists.

Twenty-four hours after the violence began, 35 city blocks lay in ruins. Not a single dwelling or business or building was left standing.

Within months of the Greenwood massacre, the KKK's Tulsa chapter became one of the Nation's largest, because what better recruiting tool than plundering and killing Blacks with impunity?

No person has ever been held accountable on the State, local, or Federal level, in the criminal courts, or in the civil courts for the atrocities committed against the Black community and the Black people of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

And here we are today, 100 years later, still challenged by state- sanctioned violence against Black people. Some things have changed, but some things remain the same.

The events of January 6, when Confederate flags flew inside and out of the Capitol, and where a hangman's noose was draped over a functional gallows constructed on the Capitol Grounds to intimidate and terrorize, that proves that not much has changed.

And I stand here today to tell you that we have had enough. It is time to fix America and rid racism from its soil. We must fix our country, and that starts with examining our past and looking at how we can heal together as a Nation, and, yes, reparation. Justice delayed is justice denied, and Black Americans in this country have been denied justice for far too long. Enough is enough.

At this time, I would like to read from the Tulsa Historical Society and Museum website. It is at TulsaHistory.org. I want to read the following information that it publishes, which comes from the 2001 Tulsa Race Riot Commission report.

``On the morning of May 30, 1921, a young Black man named Dick Rowland riding in the elevator at the Drexel Building at Third and Main with a White woman named Sarah Page. The details of what followed vary from person to person. Accounts of an incident circulated among the city's White community during the day and became more exaggerated with each telling.

``Tulsa police arrested Rowland the following day and began an investigation. An inflammatory report in the May 31 edition of the Tulsa Tribune spurred a confrontation between Black and White armed mobs around the courthouse where the sheriff and his men had barricaded the top floor to protect Rowland. Shots were fired, and the outnumbered African Americans began retreating to the Greenwood district.

``In the early morning hours of June 1, 1921, Greenwood was looted and burned by White rioters,'' as they are called. ``Governor Robertson declared martial law, and National Guard troops arrived in Tulsa. Guardsmen assisted firemen in putting out fires, took African Americans out of the hands of vigilantes and imprisoned,'' locked them up, ``all Black Tulsans not already interned. Over 6,000 people were held at the convention hall and the fairgrounds, some for as long as 8 days.

``Twenty-four hours after the violence erupted, it ceased. In the wake of the violence, 35 city blocks laid in charred ruins, more than 800 people were treated for injuries, and contemporary reports of deaths began at 36. Historians now believe as many as 300 people may have died.

``In order to understand the Tulsa Race Massacre, it is important to understand the complexities of the times. Dick Rowland, Sarah Page, and an unknown gunman were the sparks that ignited a long-smoldering fire. Jim Crow, jealousy, white supremacy, and land lust all played roles in leading up to the destruction and loss of life on May 31 and June 1, 1921. . . .

``Black Tulsans had every reason to believe that Dick Rowland would be lynched after his arrest. His charges were later dismissed and highly suspect from the start. They had cause to believe that his personal safety, like the defense of themselves and their community, depended on them alone. As hostile groups gathered and their confrontation worsened, municipal and county authorities failed to take actions to calm or contain the situation.

``At the eruption of violence, civil officials selected many men, all of them White and some of them participants in that violence, and made those men their agents as deputies. In that capacity, deputies did not stem the violence but added to it, often through overt acts that were themselves illegal. Public officials provided firearms and ammunition to individuals, again, all of them White. Units of the Oklahoma National Guard participated in the mass arrests of all or nearly all of Greenwood's residents.

``They removed them to other parts of the city and detained them in holding centers. Entering the Greenwood district, people stole, damaged, or destroyed personal property left behind in homes and businesses. People, some of them agents of government, also deliberately burned or otherwise destroyed homes credibly estimated to have numbered 1,256, along with virtually every other structure-- including churches, schools, businesses, even a hospital and library-- in the Greenwood district. Despite duties to preserve order and to protect property, no government at any level offered adequate resistance, if any at all, to what amounted to the destruction of the Greenwood neighborhood. Although the exact total can never be determined, credible evidence makes it probable that many people, likely numbering between 100 to 300, were killed during the massacre.''

I am reading to you from the report of the Tulsa commission that was set up by the city of Tulsa to report on the events that happened in Greenwood 100 years ago.

``Not one of these criminal acts was then or ever has been prosecuted or punished by government at any level: municipal, county, State, or Federal. Even after the restoration of order, it was official policy to release a Black detainee only upon the application of a White person, and then only if that White person agreed to accept responsibility for that detainee's subsequent behavior. As private citizens, many Whites in Tulsa and neighboring communities did extend invaluable assistance to the massacre's victims,'' to their credit.

``Despite being numerically at a disadvantage, Black Tulsans fought valiantly to protect their homes, their businesses, and their community. But in the end, the city's African-American population was simply outnumbered by the White invaders. In the end, the restoration of Greenwood after its systematic destruction was left to the victims of that destruction. While Tulsa officials turned away some offers of outside aid, a number of individual White Tulsans provided assistance to the city's now virtually homeless Black population. . . .

``In recent years, there has been ongoing discussion about what to call the event that happened in 1921. Historically, it has been called the Tulsa Race Riot. Some say it was given that name at the time for insurance purposes. Designating it a riot prevented insurance companies from having to pay benefits to the people of Greenwood whose homes and businesses were destroyed.''

Now, this is not me talking. I am still reading from that report.

``It also was common at the time for any large-scale clash between different racial or ethnic groups to be categorized a race riot.

``What do you think?'' the report asks.

``Definition of `riot': a tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by three or more persons assembled together and acting with common intent.

``Definition of `massacre': the act or an instance of killing a number of usually helpless or unresisting human beings under circumstances of atrocity or cruelty.''

So, that is why I personally refer to it as the Tulsa Greenwood massacre, as opposed to a race riot.