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S.J.Res. 4Senate117th Congress (2021-2023)In Committee

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of not more than 9 justices.

Sponsored by Marco RubioSen. Marco Rubio (R-FL)
Introduced January 22, 2021

AI-Generated Summary

Updated February 7, 2026 at 9:31 PM UTC

The resolution proposes a constitutional amendment that would set a maximum of nine justices on the United States Supreme Court. If ratified, it would change the Court’s size and require Congress to pass laws to enforce the limit. The amendment would affect the composition of the Court and any future changes to its number of justices.

Key Provisions

  • Limits the Supreme Court to no more than nine justices.
  • Gives Congress the authority to enforce the limit through appropriate legislation.

Legislative Activity

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1 earlier action
SenateIntro Referral Latest Action

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Judiciary Committee

January 22, 2021

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SenateIntro Referral

Introduced in Senate

January 22, 2021

SenateIntro Referral

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Judiciary Committee

January 22, 2021

Bill Text

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Introduced in SenateIssued January 22, 2021

IIA

117th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. J. RES. 4

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

January 22, 2021

Mr. Rubio (for himself, Mr. Cramer, Mrs. Blackburn, Mr. Young, Mr. Romney, Mr. Crapo, Mr. Toomey, Mrs. Capito, Mr. Tillis, Mr. Portman, Mr. Cornyn, and Mr. Braun) introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

JOINT RESOLUTION

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of not more than 9 justices.

Now, therefore, be it

That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission by the Congress:

—
1.

The Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of not more than 9 justices.

2.

The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

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