H.R. 4373House118th Congress (2023-2025)In Committee

Weather Information for Agriculture Act.

Introduced June 27, 2023

AI-Generated Summary

Updated January 20, 2026 at 9:32 AM UTC

The Weather Information for Agriculture Act reauthorizes the National Integrated Drought Information System and creates a National Coordinated Soil Moisture Monitoring Network. It provides new funding for 2024‑2028 and adds modern technology and partnership requirements to improve drought forecasting and soil‑moisture data for farmers, researchers, and the public.

Key Provisions

  • Adds authority to use AI, machine learning, and cloud tools for drought forecasting and data dissemination.
  • Strengthens observational networks by addressing gaps in snowpack, soil moisture, groundwater, and rapid‑intensification monitoring.
  • Requires the Under Secretary to work with the Climate Prediction Center to shift to probabilistic forecasts and new modeling tools.
  • Authorizes $15‑$17 million annually from FY2024 to FY2028 for the drought information system.
  • Establishes a soil‑moisture monitoring network with a public website, quality‑data criteria, expanded in‑situ stations, private‑sector collaboration, citizen‑science engagement, and new nationwide data products.

Legislative Activity

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HouseIntro Referral Latest Action

Referred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.

June 27, 2023

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HouseIntro Referral

Introduced in House

June 27, 2023

HouseIntro Referral

Referred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.

June 27, 2023

Bill Text

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Introduced in HouseIssued June 27, 2023

I

118th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. R. 4373

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

June 27, 2023

Mr. Collins (for himself, Mr. Baird, and Mr. Miller of Ohio) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology

A BILL

To reauthorize the National Integrated Drought Information System, maintain a National Coordinated Soil Moisture Monitoring Network, and for other purposes.

1.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Weather Information for Agriculture Act.

2.

National Integrated Drought Information System

(a)

In general

Section 3 of the National Integrated Drought Information System Act of 2006 (15 U.S.C. 313d) is amended—

(1)

in subsection (b)—

(A)

in paragraph (5), by striking and after the semicolon;

(B)

in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(C)

by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:

(7)

advance and deploy next generation technologies related to drought and related publicly available data, such as forecasting capabilities utilizing artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cloud technologies; and

(8)

strengthen observational networks and drought indicators across a variety of spatial and temporal scales by optimizing data and resources from across the Federal Government, including investigating and addressing gaps in snowpack monitoring, in-situ soil moisture monitoring, groundwater data, and rapid intensification events.

;

(2)

in subsection (c)—

(A)

in paragraph (2), by striking and after the semicolon;

(B)

in paragraph (3), by striking the period and inserting ; and; and

(C)

by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

(4)

in partnership with the National Mesonet Program, establish memoranda of understanding to provide coordinated, high-quality, nationwide drought information for the public good.

; and

(3)

by amending subsection (f) to read as follows:

(f)

Modeling update

The Under Secretary, in partnership with the Climate Prediction Center of the National Weather Service, shall undertake an effort to migrate existing products to probabilistic forecasts and incorporate new and improved dynamical and statistical forecast modeling tools.

.

(b)

Authorization of appropriations

(1)

In general

Section 4 of the National Integrated Drought Information System Act of 2006 (15 U.S.C. 313d note) is amended to read as follows:

(d)

Authorization of appropriations

From amounts made available to Operations, Research, and Facilities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section the following:

(1)

$15,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.

(2)

$15,500,000 for fiscal year 2025.

(3)

$16,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

(4)

$16,500,000 for fiscal year 2027.

(5)

$17,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.

.

(2)

Effective date

The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall take effect and apply beginning on October 1, 2023.

3.

National coordinated soil moisture monitoring network

(a)

In general

The Under Secretary shall support the development, deployment, and maintenance of soil moisture monitoring networks by managing the National Coordinated Soil Moisture Monitoring Network of the National Integrated Drought Information System under section 3 of the National Integrated Drought Information System Act of 2006 (15 U.S.C. 313d) (in this section referred to as the network).

(b)

Activities

The Under Secretary shall ensure the network includes activities that carry out the following:

(1)

Establishing a visible, user-friendly website.

(2)

Developing a set of criteria for high-quality data sources.

(3)

Supporting research necessary to develop or improve soil moisture monitoring products at the National scale.

(4)

Increasing the number of long-term, high-quality, in situ soil moisture monitoring stations across the United States.

(5)

Sharing methodologies and validation protocols with the private sector.

(6)

Engaging with the citizen science community.

(7)

Developing, releasing, and promoting new, nationwide point-based and gridded soil moisture data products that meet the needs of diverse end-user groups.

(c)

Partnerships

In partnership with the National Integrated Drought Information System under section 3 of the National Integrated Drought Information System Act of 2006 (15 U.S.C. 313d) and the National Mesonet Program, the network may establish memoranda of understanding to acquire and provide coordinated, high-quality, nationwide soil moisture information for the public good.

(d)

Definition

In this section, the term Under Secretary has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 8501).