H.R. 151House119th Congress (2025-2027)In Committee

Equal Representation Act of 2025

AI-Generated Summary

Updated April 22, 2026 at 3:41 AM UTC

The Equal Representation Act of 2025 would add a question to the U.S. Census asking whether each person is a U.S. citizen. It also requires the Census Bureau to publish separate counts of citizens and non‑citizens for each state. Finally, it changes the formula for assigning House seats and electoral votes so that only U.S. citizens are counted, not all residents.

Key Provisions

Adds a citizenship checkbox to the questionnaire used for the 2030 census and all future decennial censuses.
Mandates that, within 120 days after each census, the Secretary of Commerce must release state‑by‑state totals broken down by citizens and non‑citizens.
Amends the apportionment law to exclude non‑citizens from the population count used to allocate Representatives and electoral votes, starting with the 2030 census.
Includes a severability clause to keep the rest of the law in effect if any part is found unconstitutional.

Legislative Activity

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6 earlier actions

HouseCalendars Latest Action

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 536.

April 21, 2026

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HouseIntro Referral

Introduced in House

January 3, 2025

HouseIntro Referral

Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.

Oversight and Government Reform Committee

January 3, 2025

HouseIntro Referral

Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR E21)

January 13, 2025

HouseCommittee

Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held

Oversight and Government Reform Committee

December 2, 2025

HouseCommittee

Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 20 - 19.

Oversight and Government Reform Committee

December 2, 2025

HouseCommittee

Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. H. Rept. 119-619.

Oversight and Government Reform Committee

April 21, 2026

HouseCalendars

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 536.

April 21, 2026

Floor Debate

1 member

What members said about H.R. 151 on the floor

1 Republican

Rep. Monica De La CruzR-TX-15 · May 6, 2025

Under clause 7 of rule XII, sponsors were added to public bills and resolutions, as follows: H.R. 116: Ms. Boebert. H.R. 151: Ms. Van Duyne. H.R. 255: Mr. Gill of Texas, Mr. Self, and Ms. Crockett.…

Under clause 7 of rule XII, sponsors were added to public bills and resolutions, as follows:

H.R. 116: Ms. Boebert.

H.R. 151: Ms. Van Duyne.

H.R. 255: Mr. Gill of Texas, Mr. Self, and Ms. Crockett.

H.R. 404: Mr. Wied.

H.R. 429: Mr. Suozzi.

H.R. 479: Ms. Boebert.

H.R. 556: Mr. Wied.

H.R. 574: Mr. Van Drew, Mrs. Miller-Meeks, Mr. Stauber, and

Mr. Fitzpatrick.

H.R. 628: Ms. Davids of Kansas.

H.R. 659: Mr. Soto, Mrs. Ramirez, and Mr. Garcia of

California.

H.R. 740: Ms. Malliotakis and Mr. Kustoff.

H.R. 802: Ms. Bonamici.

H.R. 833: Mr. Hamadeh of Arizona, Mr. Moran, Mr. Barr, and

Mr. Burlison.

H.R. 842: Mr. Kiley of California and Ms. Stansbury.

H.R. 909: Mr. Subramanyam and Ms. Schakowsky.

H.R. 914: Ms. McDonald Rivet.

H.R. 942: Mr. Bresnahan and Ms. Davids of Kansas.

H.R. 956: Mr. Biggs of Arizona.

H.R. 1004: Ms. Elfreth and Ms. Kelly of Illinois.

H.R. 1024: Mr. Moran.

H.R. 1041: Mr. Ezell, Mr. Hurd of Colorado, Mr. Cline, and

Ms. De La Cruz.

H.R. 1086: Mrs. Miller-Meeks.

H.R. 1106: Mr. Himes.

H.R. 1151: Mr. Rose.

H.R. 1181: Ms. Fedorchak.

H.R. 1232: Mr. James and Mr. Pfluger.

H.R. 1241: Ms. Boebert.

H.R. 1262: Mrs. Hinson and Mr. Garamendi.

H.R. 1286: Mrs. Fischbach.

H.R. 1329: Mr. Burchett and Mr. McCaul.

H.R. 1330: Mr. Suozzi.

H.R. 1357: Mr. Morelle.

H.R. 1378: Mr. Rogers of Kentucky and Mr. Garbarino.

H.R. 1400: Ms. Perez.

H.R. 1415: Mr. Schmidt and Mr. Weber of Texas.

H.R. 1505: Mr. Min.

H.R. 1509: Ms. Houlahan, Mr. Carbajal, Ms. Lee of Florida,

and Mr. Fry.

H.R. 1521: Mr. Harder of California.

H.R. 1539: Mr. Bilirakis.

H.R. 1636: Mr. Thompson of Mississippi.

H.R. 1659: Ms. Budzinski.

H.R. 1676: Mr. Haridopolos.

H.R. 1682: Mr. James.

H.R. 1695: Mr. Rutherford.

H.R. 1709: Mr. Nunn of Iowa.

H.R. 1775: Ms. Stansbury.

H.R. 1822: Mr. Owens.

H.R. 1868: Ms. Williams of Georgia.

H.R. 1882: Mr. Gill of Texas.

H.R. 1909: Mr. Wittman.

H.R. 1918: Ms. McBride.

H.R. 2028: Ms. Van Duyne and Ms. McBride.

H.R. 2033: Ms. Malliotakis.

H.R. 2109: Mr. Costa.

H.R. 2126: Mr. Brecheen and Mr. James.

H.R. 2145: Ms. Davids of Kansas.

H.R. 2160: Mr. Schmidt.

H.R. 2189: Mr. Fry.

H.R. 2199: Ms. McBride.

H.R. 2230: Ms. Malliotakis.

H.R. 2253: Mr. Frost.

H.R. 2290: Mr. Garamendi.

H.R. 2294: Ms. McBride.

H.R. 2311: Mr. Jackson of Illinois.

H.R. 2315: Ms. Boebert.

H.R. 2355: Mr. Mann.

H.R. 2395: Ms. Hageman.

H.R. 2514: Ms. Budzinski.

H.R. 2531: Mr. Larson of Connecticut and Ms. Stansbury.

H.R. 2536: Mr. Riley of New York.

H.R. 2538: Ms. Stansbury and Mr. Graves.

H.R. 2550: Mr. Clyburn.

H.R. 2599: Mr. Issa.

H.R. 2623: Mr. Wied.

H.R. 2687: Ms. Pelosi.

H.R. 2705: Mr. Collins and Ms. Boebert.

H.R. 2729: Mr. Stauber, Mr. Rose, Mrs. Radewagen, and Mr.

Peters.

H.R. 2736: Mrs. Sykes.

H.R. 2753: Ms. Chu, Mr. Johnson of Georgia, Ms. Goodlander,

Mr. Meeks, Mr. Courtney, Ms. Escobar, Ms. Dexter, and Mr.

Pocan.

H.R. 2761: Mr. Goldman of New York.

H.R. 2767: Ms. Norton.

H.R. 2781: Mr. Bishop.

H.R. 2788: Mr. Cohen.

H.R. 2841: Ms. Boebert.

H.R. 2904: Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick.

H.R. 2941: Mr. Krishnamoorthi.

H.R. 2969: Mr. Cline.

H.R. 2979: Mr. Fitzpatrick.

H.R. 3033: Mr. Pfluger.

H.R. 3036: Mr. Takano.

H.R. 3043: Mr. McGuire.

H.R. 3048: Mr. Fitzpatrick.

H.R. 3098: Mr. Correa.

H.R. 3107: Mr. Bishop.

H.R. 3112: Ms. Perez, Mr. Peters, Mrs. Cherfilus-McCormick,

and Mr. Sherman.

H.R. 3128: Ms. Sewell.

H.R. 3131: Mr. Rogers of Kentucky.

H.R. 3142: Mr. Bacon.

H.R. 3177: Mr. Steube.

H.R. 3179: Ms. Van Duyne and Mr. Self.

H.R. 3195: Mr. Rogers of Alabama.

H.R. 3199: Ms. Omar, Ms. Meng, Mr. Boyle of Pennsylvania,

Mr. Mullin, and Mr. Sherman.

H.R. 3204: Mr. Neguse.

H.J. Res. 38: Mr. Steube.

H. Res. 155: Ms. Pingree.

H. Res. 166: Ms. Norton.

H. Res. 267: Mr. Davis of Illinois, Mr. Garcia of

California, Mr. Thompson of Mississippi, Ms. McClellan, Mr.

Bacon, Mr. Torres of New York, Mrs. Hayes, Ms. Ansari, Ms.

Tlaib, Ms. Stansbury, Mr. Johnson of Georgia, Ms. Titus, Mr.

Soto, and Mr. Fields.

H. Res. 364: Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania, Ms. Malliotakis,

Mr. Fallon, and Mr. Kustoff.

H. Res. 380: Mr. Pocan, Mr. Thanedar, Ms. McCollum, and Ms.

Tokuda.

Bill Text

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Reported in HouseIssued April 21, 2026

Union Calendar No. 536

119th CONGRESS

2d Session

H. R. 151

[Report No. 119–619]

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

January 3, 2025

Mr. Edwards (for himself, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Bean of Florida, Mr. Rouzer, Mr. Nehls, Mr. Collins, Mrs. Cammack, Ms. Hageman, Mr. Fleischmann, Mr. Higgins of Louisiana, Mr. Bost, Mr. Palmer, Mrs. Houchin, Mr. Guest, Mr. Miller of Ohio, Mr. Fitzgerald, and Mr. Moore of Alabama) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

April 21, 2026

Additional sponsors: Mr. Rose, Mr. Smith of Nebraska, Mrs. Hinson, Mr. Knott, Mr. Downing, Mr. Smith of New Jersey, Mr. Crenshaw, Mrs. Fedorchak, Mr. Issa, Mrs. Miller of Illinois, Mr. Wilson of South Carolina, Mrs. Harshbarger, Mr. Alford, Mr. Allen, Mr. Brecheen, Mr. LaMalfa, Mr. Grothman, Mr. Tiffany, Mr. Estes, Mr. Stutzman, Mr. Messmer, Mr. Fry, Mr. Cline, Mr. Scott Franklin of Florida, Mr. Norman, Mr. Ezell, Mr. Harris of North Carolina, Mr. Fallon, Mr. Dunn of Florida, Mr. Babin, Mr. Weber of Texas, Mr. Cole, Ms. Tenney, Mr. Baumgartner, Mrs. Biggs of South Carolina, Mr. Gill of Texas, Mr. Mills, Ms. Lee of Florida, Mr. Begich, Ms. Van Duyne, Mr. McClintock, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Langworthy, Mr. McCormick, Mr. Finstad, Mr. Mann, Mr. Wied, Mr. Self, Ms. Mace, and Mr. Donalds

April 21, 2026

Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed

Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic

For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on January 3, 2025

A BILL

To require a citizenship question on the decennial census, to require reporting on certain census statistics, and to modify apportionment of Representatives to be based on United States citizens instead of all persons.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Equal Representation Act of 2025.

Citizenship status on decennial census

Section 141 of title 13, United States Code, is amended—

(1)

by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and

(2)

by inserting after subsection (f) the following:

(g)

(1)

In conducting the 2030 decennial census and each decennial census thereafter, the Secretary shall include in any questionnaire distributed or otherwise used for the purpose of determining the total population by States a checkbox or other similar option for the respondent to indicate, for the respondent and for each of the members of the household of the respondent, whether that individual is a citizen of the United States.

(2)

Not later than 120 days after completion of a decennial census of the population under subsection (a), the Secretary shall make publicly available the number of individuals per State, disaggregated by citizens of the United States and noncitizens, as tabulated in accordance with this section.

Exclusion of noncitizens from number of persons used to determine apportionment of representatives and number of electoral votes

(a)

Exclusion

Section 22(a) of the Act entitled An Act to provide for the fifteenth and subsequent decennial censuses and to provide for apportionment of Representatives in Congress, approved June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)), is amended by inserting after not taxed the following: and individuals who are not citizens of the United States.

(b)

Effective date

The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to the apportionment of Representatives carried out pursuant to the decennial census conducted during 2030 and any succeeding decennial census.

Severability clause

If any provision of this Act or amendment made by this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of the provisions of this Act and amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provision or amendment to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected.

April 21, 2026

Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed