H.R. 3857

Snow Water Supply Forecasting Reauthorization Act of 2025

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II

Calendar No. 661

119th CONGRESS

2d Session

H. R. 3857

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

December 11, 2025

Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

September 17, 2026

Reported by Mr. Lee, with an amendment

Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic

AN ACT

To amend the Snow Water Supply Forecasting Program Authorization Act.

1.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Snow Water Supply Forecasting Reauthorization Act of 2025.

2.

Snow Water Supply Forecasting Program

The Snow Water Supply Forecasting Program Authorization Act (43 U.S.C. 1477) is amended—

(1)

in subsection (c)(2)—

(A)

in subparagraph (A), by striking culminating in the report required under subsection (d)(3) and inserting with an emphasis on deployment of technologies that provide integration of snowpack measuring and modeling; and

(B)

in subparagraph (B), by striking after submitting the report required by subsection (d)(3),;

(2)

in subsection (d)—

(A)

in paragraph (1)—

(i)

in the heading, by adding with integrated modeling after data;

(ii)

by striking emerging technologies for snowpack measurement, such as and inserting technologies that provide complete integration of accurate, timely, and spatially complete snowpack measurements and models, including the integration of; and

(iii)

by striking subparagraphs (A) through (C) and inserting the following:

(A)

airborne laser altimetry;

(B)

imaging spectroscopy;

(C)

integrated physics-based snowpack and hydrologic modeling; and

(D)

other technologies that the Secretary determines are likely to provide more accurate or timely snowpack measurement data commensurate with operational water management needs.

;

(B)

in paragraph (2) by inserting , including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Natural Resources Conservation Service, after other Federal agencies; and

(C)

by striking paragraph (3);

(3)

in subsection (e)—

(A)

in paragraph (1), by striking After submitting the report required under subsection (d)(3), the and inserting The; and

(B)

by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

(2)

Focus

The program shall focus on activities that will maintain, establish, expand, or advance snowpack measurement and integrated modeling, with an emphasis on—

(A)

enhancing activities to achieve improved snow and water supply forecasting results that are more responsive to changing weather and watershed conditions;

(B)

real-time integration of activities described in this section with water supply forecasts;

(C)

activities in river basins where activities described in this section can produce snow and water supply data to inform water management decisions, including interstate water management decisions; and

(D)

building program partners’ capacity to implement and adapt to the new measurement and forecast capabilities enabled under this program.

;

(4)

in subsection (f)—

(A)

by striking of this Act and inserting of the Snow Water Supply Forecasting Reauthorization Act of 2025;

(B)

in paragraph (1)—

(i)

by striking and sub-basins;

(ii)

by striking technologies and inserting and integrated modeling technologies; and

(iii)

by striking technology used and inserting application, outcome, and data resources used; and

(C)

in paragraph (2), by striking or sub-basin; and

(5)

in subsection (g), by striking $15,000,000, in the aggregate, for fiscal years 2022 through 2026 and inserting $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.

1.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Snow Water Supply Forecasting Program Reauthorization Act of 2026.

2.

Snow Water Supply Forecasting Program

The Snow Water Supply Forecasting Program Authorization Act (43 U.S.C. 1477) is amended—

(1)

in subsection (c)(2)—

(A)

in subparagraph (A)—

(i)

by striking develop and inserting continue developing; and

(ii)

by striking culminating in the report required under subsection (d)(3) and inserting with an emphasis on development and deployment of more accurate, timely, and cost-effective snow monitoring technologies and water supply forecasting, including technologies that integrate snowpack measuring and modeling; and

(B)

in subparagraph (B)—

(i)

by striking after submitting the report required by subsection (d)(3),; and

(ii)

by inserting and to improve water supply forecasting after watersheds;

(2)

in subsection (d)—

(A)

in paragraph (1)—

(i)

in the paragraph heading, by inserting and water supply forecasting after data;

(ii)

in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking emerging technologies for snowpack measurement, such as and inserting technologies for snowpack measurements and methods to forecast water supply, including;

(iii)

in subparagraph (B), by striking and at the end; and

(iv)

by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:

(C)

imaging spectroscopy;

(D)

machine learning;

(E)

snowpack and hydrologic modeling; and

(F)

other technologies that the Secretary determines are likely to provide more accurate or timely snowpack measurement data or analytical methods utilizing snowpack data that can improve water supply forecasting to inform water management and reservoir operations.

;

(B)

in paragraph (2), by striking emerging technologies for snowpack measurement and inserting technologies for snowpack measurement and models, including the Department of Agriculture and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and

(C)

by striking paragraph (3);

(3)

in subsection (e)—

(A)

in paragraph (1)—

(i)

by striking After submitting the report required under subsection (d)(3), the and inserting The; and

(ii)

by striking in particular watersheds and inserting and water supply forecasts in particular watersheds and to explore new statistical, machine learning, or physical models to generate improved water supply forecasts utilizing snowpack data; and

(B)

by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

(2)

Focus

The program shall focus on activities that will maintain, establish, expand, or advance snowpack measurement and modeling projected water supply, with an emphasis on—

(A)

enhancing activities to achieve improved snow and water supply forecasting results that are more responsive to changing weather and watershed conditions;

(B)

activities in river basins where activities described in this section relating to snowpack measurement and water supply forecasting can inform water management decisions or models at a multi-water user, multi-basin, or multi-State scale, including interstate water management decisions; and

(C)

building the capacity of program partners to implement and adapt to the new measurement and forecasting capabilities enabled under the program.

;

(4)

in subsection (f)—

(A)

in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking this Act and inserting the Snow Water Supply Forecasting Program Reauthorization Act of 2026;

(B)

in paragraph (2), by striking or sub-basin;

(C)

by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (4); and

(D)

by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

(1)

a list of basins for which snowpack measurement and integrated modeling technologies are being used under the program, including a description of each application, outcome, and data resource used;

(2)

an assessment of which technologies best inform water supply forecasting for multiple water districts, communities, or States;

(3)

an assessment of forecasts generated using new technologies authorized under this Act compared against water supply forecast benchmarks from the Department of Agriculture and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and

; and

(5)

in subsection (g), by striking $15,000,000, in the aggregate, for fiscal years 2022 through 2026 and inserting $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.

September 17, 2026

Reported with an amendment