S. 1258Senate119th Congress (2025-2027)In Committee

Stephen Hacala Poppy Seed Safety Act

Sponsored by Tom CottonSen. Tom Cotton (R-AR)
Introduced April 2, 2025

AI-Generated Summary

Updated November 24, 2025 at 1:26 AM UTC

The Stephen Hacala Poppy Seed Safety Act aims to stop the sale of food containing poppy seeds that are contaminated with dangerous levels of opiate compounds. It directs the HHS Secretary to set safety thresholds for morphine, codeine, and other alkaloids in poppy seeds, and treats any seeds above those limits as adulterated, banning their interstate commerce. The law also ensures that such contaminated seeds fall under existing drug‑control regulations, affecting food producers, distributors, and retailers.

Key Provisions

  • The Health and Human Services Secretary must propose, within one year of enactment, contamination limits for morphine, codeine, and any other designated compounds in poppy seeds, and finalize those limits within two years.
  • Poppy seeds that exceed the established limits will be classified as adulterated foods and cannot be sold across state lines under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
  • Contaminated poppy seeds will also be subject to regulation under the Controlled Substances Act, meaning they are not exempt from drug‑control rules.

Legislative Activity

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1 earlier action
SenateIntro Referral Latest Action

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

April 2, 2025

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SenateIntro Referral

Introduced in Senate

April 2, 2025

SenateIntro Referral

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

April 2, 2025

Floor Debate

3 members

What members said about S. 1258 on the floor

2 Republicans1 Democrat
Mariannette Miller-Meeks
Rep. Mariannette Miller-MeeksR-IA-1 · Jul 20, 2026

Madam Speaker, I thank Representative Burlison for yielding me time and for his support of this important legislation, H.R. 1722, the Billion Dollar Boondoggle Act. I also offer special thanks to my…

Eric Burlison
Rep. Eric BurlisonR-MO-7 · Jul 20, 2026

Madam Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1722) to require an annual report of taxpayer-funded projects that are over budget and behind schedule, as amended. Madam Speaker, I…

Suhas Subramanyam
Rep. Suhas SubramanyamD-VA-10 · Jul 20, 2026

Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Madam Speaker, I, too, rise in support of H.R. 1722, the Billion Dollar Boondoggle Act of 2025. Congress has a duty to ensure taxpayer…

Bill Text

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Introduced in SenateIssued April 2, 2025

II

119th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. 1258

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

April 2, 2025

Mr. Cotton (for himself, Mr. Blumenthal, and Mr. Boozman) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions

A BILL

To prohibit the sale of food that is, or contains, unsafe poppy seeds.

1.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Stephen Hacala Poppy Seed Safety Act.

2.

Findings; purpose

(a)

Findings

Congress finds as follows:

(1)

Stephen Hacala was a 24-year-old from Fayetteville, Arkansas, who was dearly loved by family and friends when he died from morphine intoxication caused by consumption of contaminated poppy seeds.

(2)

At least 19 people in the United States have been confirmed to have died from morphine overdoses from contaminated poppy seeds.

(3)

Women in the United States have tested positive for opiates in hospitals at childbirth due to poppy seed consumption in food, leading to unwarranted scrutiny from child welfare officials.

(4)

In 2023, the Department of Defense issued a warning to all servicemembers to avoid poppy seed consumption due to opiate contamination and the risk of positive drug tests.

(5)

Studies of pharmaceutical opiates have found that a dose of just 20 to 50 morphine milligram equivalents per day increases the risk of overdose and death among patients prescribed morphine for pain treatment.

(6)

Poppy products purchased in the United States have been found to have up to 2,788 milligrams of morphine per kilogram of seeds after extraction.

(7)

While poppy seeds are excluded from the definition of opium poppy and poppy straw under the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), that definition does not exclude unwashed poppy seeds that have been contaminated with opium alkaloids from the latex of the plant. The opium alkaloids (inclusive of morphine, codeine, and thebaine), if present as contaminants on poppy seed material, are also not exempted from control under that Act.

(b)

Purpose

It is the purpose of this Act to establish levels for contamination of poppy seeds by morphine, by codeine, and by other illicit compounds, above which poppy seeds shall be considered adulterated foods that are prohibited in interstate commerce.

3.

Unsafe poppy seeds as adulterants in food

The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall—

(1)

not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, issue a proposed rule establishing levels for contamination of poppy seeds by morphine, by codeine, and by any other compound which the Secretary may designate, above which poppy seeds shall be deemed adulterated under section 402 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (42 U.S.C. 342); and

(2)

not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, finalize such rule.

4.

Poppy seeds as a controlled substance

Nothing in this Act shall be construed as exempting poppy seeds that are contaminated by morphine, codeine, another alkaloid compound, or any other compound designated by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under section 3 from regulation under the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.).