I thank the gentleman from Indiana. Madam Speaker, I rise to urge my colleagues to support S. 1055, which honors the thousands of Japanese-American veterans who served during World War II, and I thank my colleague, the gentleman from…
I thank the gentleman from Indiana.
Madam Speaker, I rise to urge my colleagues to support S. 1055, which honors the thousands of Japanese-American veterans who served during World War II, and I thank my colleague, the gentleman from California (Mr. Schiff), for introducing the legislation in the House and for his eloquent words today in support of the Senate bill.
At a time when many of their fellow Americans questioned their loyalty to the United States, these Japanese-American soldiers enlisted and put their lives on the line to defend our freedoms overseas while fighting against fear and discrimination at home. S. 1055 awards the Congressional Gold Medal to the 100th Infantry Battalion, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and the Military Intelligence Service in honor of their military service.
Many of the soldiers comprising these units were Nisei, the American- born sons of Japanese immigrants. Some served in the University of Hawaii's Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), which aided the wounded, buried the fallen, and helped defend vulnerable areas in Hawaii after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
In spite of these acts of loyalty and courage, the U.S. Army discharged all Nisei in the ROTC unit, changed their draft status to ineligible, and segregated all Japanese Americans in the military on the mainland out of their units. During this time, more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated from their homes to internment camps.
Undaunted, members of the Hawaii Provisional Battalion joined the 100th Infantry Battalion in California to train as soldiers. The sheer determination and pursuit of excellence displayed by this battalion in training contributed to President Roosevelt's decision to allow Nisei volunteers to
serve in the U.S. military again, leading to their incorporation into the 442nd.
Members of the 100th and the 442nd risked their lives to fight for our country and allies in Europe. The 442nd ``Go For Broke'' unit became the most decorated in U.S. military history for its size and length of service, with its component, the 100th Infantry Battalion, earning the nickname ``The Purple Heart Battalion.''
In addition, the 6,000 or so Nisei that comprised the Military Intelligence Service made vital contributions to wartime successes by conducting critical classified intelligence operations. Only in recent years has their invaluable service come to light, and it is long past due to acknowledge and honor the MIS's critical role during the war.
In the spirit of celebrating these courageous soldiers, I would like to share the stories of three men from Hawaii who overcame humble beginnings and adversity to become successful scholars and community leaders in Hawaii.
Kobe Shoji was a junior at Pomona College when he and his family received orders to go to an internment camp in Arizona. They brought nothing more than a suitcase with them to the camp. Kobe enlisted the next year and went to Germany to fight as a member of the 442nd. Although he was wounded twice, he came back to the States, never complaining about the discrimination that he and his family had faced, or about the wounds he suffered in the war. Kobe returned to complete his studies as though ``nothing had happened. . . . except we were all much more mature due to the wartime experience. We all had the feeling we must do something to make the world a better place to live.''
Kobe earned his doctorate in plant physiology from UCLA and moved to Hawaii thereafter to teach at the University of Hawaii and work as a respected agricultural expert. He later enjoyed watching his oldest son, Dave, coach the university's Rainbow Wahine volleyball team to many national championships.
Ken Otagaki is another example of resilience and success. As the second son of a field laborer on the island of Hawaii, Ken left home at the age of 12 to work in Honolulu on the island of Oahu as a houseboy before putting himself through college. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Ken enlisted and joined the 100th Infantry Division, serving overseas as a litter bearer. In January 1944, Ken was near Cassino, Italy, when he and six other litter bearers were called upon to help soldiers in front of them. Ken and seven other soldiers faced a barrage of mortar shells from the enemy. Three were killed. Four, including Ken, were seriously injured and were not evacuated until nearly a day later.
Ken recuperated at Walter Reed Hospital and later received the Combat Infantry Badge and the Purple Heart. Ken wrote to his sweetheart, Janet, telling her that he had lost his right leg, two fingers on his right hand, and the sight in his right eye. Their daughter, Joy, recalled that her mother thought that her father ``wasn't going to sit around feeling sorry for himself.'' Ken and Janet married later that year.
Because of his war injuries, Ken had to give up his plans to become a medical doctor, instead earning a PhD in animal science. The Otagakis began their life together on the mainland and had five children before moving back to Hawaii, where Ken taught at the University of Hawaii and later led the Hawaii State Department of Agriculture. Ken never let what others perceived to be his physical disabilities stop him from being active. He climbed trees to pick ripe mangoes and taught his kids how to swim and ride a bike.
The last veteran I would like to talk about is Yoshiaki Fujitani who Pauwela, Maui.
A second generation Japanese-American, Yoshiaki was taught ethics at Japanese language school, where he learned about honesty and perseverance by hearing stories about George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. He was also taught what is known in Japanese as ``kuni no on,'' or gratitude to one's country, America.
After serving in ROTC at the University of Hawaii, Yoshiaki rose through the ranks in the Hawaii Territorial Guard, becoming squad leader. Of course the guard was later disbanded without any explanation, but they believe it was because the Japanese Americans in the guard were viewed as potential traitors.
On December 7, 1941, while preparing to play softball, Yoshiaki saw smoke and planes flying above Pearl Harbor before learning about the attack on the radio. He volunteered for the civilian Varsity Victory Volunteers but quit when he learned that his father was being held at a Department of Justice camp for being a potentially dangerous enemy alien.
When his friends joined the 442nd, Yoshiaki's initial anger about his father's incarceration subsided, and he decided to join the MIS. Yoshiaki served in Tokyo on assignment for the Pacific Military Intelligence Research Section. After the war ended, he got married, raised a family, returned to Maui as a minister of the Buddhist faith, and he focused on fostering interfaith cooperation, eventually becoming the bishop of the Hawaii Kyodan. In 1976, he established a program called the ``Living Treasures of Hawaii'' to recognize the cultural contributions of individuals in Hawaii.
The life stories of these three men serve as an inspiration for all of us, and they certainly exemplify the history and the courage and the Americanism, the love of America, exhibited by the people we are honoring.
This legislation also honors Senator Daniel Inouye and the late Senator Spark Matsunaga, who served in the 442nd and 100th units, and of course they later went on to serve the people of Hawaii for many decades, and the people of our country.
Again, I urge all of my colleagues to vote in support of S. 1055. It is long overdue.