Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003

Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleague very much for yielding me time to speak on this issue, and I do so with a great deal of regret because on the House floor today we should be backing a bill on a bipartisan basis without any dissent because, whether one is a Democrat or a Republican, all of us want to encourage people in the health care and first responder community to get the vaccination for smallpox so they can be of service to all of us should, God forbid, there be a smallpox attack.

I am forced now to rise in opposition to this bill, and I want to point out that the bill is on the suspension of the rules, which is ordinarily reserved for noncontroversial matters. As a matter of fact, this bill is very controversial. It should have been debated and considered under the rules of the House. That would have given Members an opportunity to put forward alternatives so that the Members of the House of Representatives could listen to a debate and make choices on policies.

Instead, what we have is a suspension calendar being used to close off any opportunity for amendments, to prevent alternatives from being put forward so our colleagues who have been duly elected in 435 districts in this country, could have the right to choose what they thought was the best policy. This suspension of the rules procedure is nothing more than a gag to prevent Members, Democrats and Republicans, from being able to make choices, which is what they were elected to do.

The reason I oppose this bill is substantive. This bill will not adequately compensate nurses, firefighters, police officers, and other first responders who are injured by the smallpox vaccine, a vaccine that they take voluntarily in order to make sure that the country is prepared for a bioterrorist attack.

We have tried to work with the Republicans to craft legislation that all of these groups can support. However, the Republicans were unwilling to agree to a meaningful compensation program and have put forward H.R. 1463, a bill that is opposed by every one of these groups.

The issue of how to compensate people for smallpox vaccine injuries is only hard if someone decides to make it hard, and that seems to be what the House Republican leadership and the Bush administration have done. The science is not hard. For every million people who are immunized against smallpox, one of two will die and 10 to 20 will become severely ill or disabled.

The policy is not hard. If people get injured in the line of public duty, the public should compensate them, and the administration has asked nurses and firefighters and other first responders to take smallpox shots, not for their own good, but to protect all Americans in case of a bioterrorist attack.

The substance is not hard. A compensation program should be clear about what it covers. It should provide decent benefits if someone is disabled or killed, and it should have guaranteed funding.

The law is not hard. We have a successful program of no-fault compensation for children who are injured by vaccines. We have programs for Federal workers and even Federal volunteers who are disabled or killed. We even have a program for compensation of people hurt or killed on September 11, 2001.

The budgeting is not hard. If every nurse or firefighter got the average award from the September 11 fund, which they will not, we would only be committing $18 to $33 million per million vaccinations. At most, that is 400ths of 1 percent of what the administration has requested for the war.

The process is not hard. If there is honest disagreement about legislation, which there is, then the House should be allowed to debate amendments and make choices. This should be an easy one, but the House leadership and the administration are making it very hard.

H.R. 1463 includes a lifetime cap on wage assistance for injured first responders and their families. This means that the families of nurses or other first responders may have to fend for themselves without a bread winner after just a few years of compensation. The lump-sum payment offered by H.R. 1463 is clearly inadequate for death or permanent disability for a nurse who has a family to support.

A second problem is that H.R. 1463 requires that funding for the compensation program be subject to the uncertainties of the appropriations process. A guaranteed funding stream is a linchpin of a successful and meaningful

compensation program. Without it, Congress is making a promise that it may not keep.

A third problem with this legislation is that it limits eligibility for compensation for those people who are vaccinated within a short time period after the implementation of the program. This provision is not only vigorously opposed by all of the groups being asked to take the vaccine but also by the State and local officials running the vaccination program.

I genuinely do not understand why the House leadership and the administration have decided to draw this line. The smallpox immunization program is not working. Everyone agrees that one of the reasons that there is not a compensation program in place to reassure nurses and firefighters and other first responders, that if they are injured by the vaccine, they and their families will be provided for, and the representatives of those organizations agree that the Republican bill is not enough to reassure their members.

Those same representatives agree that the proposals made by the gentlewoman from California (Mrs. Capps) and some of the others of us who were working with her will succeed. It is very disappointing that the legislative process has been cut short and that the gentlewoman from California (Mrs. Capps) has been denied the chance, even the chance, to offer her amendment.

Why are the leadership and the administration making this so hard? I do not have an answer to that question, but I do know what we need to do next. Let us defeat this bill, negotiate a reasonable one, and then move on to the genuinely tough problems facing our country.

I would like to respond to the comparisons of H.R. 1463 with the Public Safety Officers Benefit program. This was alluded to by the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin). This is a false comparison. The Public Safety Officers Benefit program is meant to supplement what police officers and others receive when injured in the line of duty. There are many other State and local programs that also provide compensation.

In contrast, H.R. 1463 is the sole source of compensation for many health care workers and their contacts who may be injured.

And let me emphasize that point. It is not just the first responders who may be injured, but the family members who may be injured as well, by the vaccine taken by the nurse or firefighter or police officer, because they can be subject to injury by exposure to the person who has been immunized.

A true comparison would compare H.R. 1463 with other compensation programs. By a true comparison, H.R. 1463 is clearly not adequate. This bill provides far less than benefits provided to Americans injured by childhood vaccines in the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. H.R. 1463 provides far less than what Federal employees receive, civilian or military, if injured under the Federal Employee Compensation Act. And H.R. 1463 also provides far less than what Members of Congress can get if injured or disabled.

If it is good enough for Members of this body, we should not hesitate to provide it to those Americans on the front lines of any bioterrorist attack who are protecting all Americans. We are subject to compensation without caps. We ought to do the same for those who are standing up for all Americans should there be a terrorist attack of smallpox.

People have told us they need to have a program that will counsel them and educate them, because some people should not be immunized at all. But there is no such provision for that kind of screening mechanism, an educational effort in the Republican bill, even though it would save money because people would not be immunized if they knew they might be at a high risk. And people have told us that if they are going to be asked to be at risk, we ought to stand behind them. The Republican bill does not stand behind these first responders.

This should be negotiated on a bipartisan basis, or at least let the House work its will. I urge our colleagues to vote against this H.R. 1463, defeat it on the suspension calendar and insist that we go back and work on legislation that will accomplish the purpose that all of us have in mind in providing legislation for such a Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act.

Mr. Speaker, I wish to provide for the Record two letters, one from the Service Employees International Union and one from the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, which I think further elaborates on this issue.

American Federation of State, County and Municipal

Employees, AFL-CIO,

Washington, DC, March 28, 2003.

Dear Representative: On behalf of the 1.3 million members

of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal

Employees (AFSCME), including over 360,000 health care

workers and first responders, we are writing to urge you to

oppose H.R. 1463, introduced by Representative Richard Burr

and scheduled on the suspension calendar for Monday, March

31.

H.R. 1463 would establish a deeply flawed smallpox

compensation program for health care workers and first

responders injured by the smallpox vaccination. However, this

legislation fails to safeguard the health and safety of

workers asked to volunteer for the smallpox vaccination

program. Moreover, the bill fails to address the concerns of

workers who fear that a serious injury or death from the

smallpox vaccine would lead to economic catastrophe for

themselves and their families.

While the Administration had hoped to vaccinate up to 10.5

million workers, only about 21,000 workers have been

vaccinated thus far. Clearly, there has been a great

reluctance among health care workers and first responders to

risk the loss of health and income without an adequate safety

net for themselves and their families. While the legislation

is premised on the assumption that workers will be eligible

for workers' compensation in the event of an injury, the

reality is that, in most states, workers cannot depend on

this. In fact, there are only 14 states where it appears at

all certain that claims for benefits will be honored by the

state workers' compensation system.

Therefore, workers in most states who are permanently and

totally disabled will be eligible only for this bill's

maximum lump sum payment of $262,100. This represents about

five years' wages for the average nurse--not enough to

sustain an individual or family over a lifetime. For a worker

who suffers partial or temporary disability, the benefit is

also capped at $262,100 over a lifetime. Health care workers

and first responders who suffer injuries that limit their

ability to earn a living must be compensated at a level that

reflects their reduced earnings capability for the duration

of their injury. If the aim of the legislation is to

encourage workers to be vaccinated, H.R. 1463 will not do the

job. Workers will continue to be reluctant to be vaccinated

in the absence of assurances that they will not face economic

ruin should they become injured.

While the bill provides medical benefits for the treatment

of injuries or illnesses, it does not provide medical

benefits for rehabilitation, palliative care or long term

care that may be needed. This is a significant gap in health

coverage for workers asked to risk their health.

Another significant flaw in the bill is that funding for

compensation and medical benefits are not mandatory. Workers

who have lost their health and livelihood should not have to

wage a fight for compensation each year during the

appropriations process.

The legislation fails to ensure that the smallpox program

will be carried out safely, in stark contrast to the program

in place for military personnel. The bill does not require

that health departments make medical tests, such as pregnancy

tests, available to workers in order to screen out those who

ought not to be vaccinated. The legislation also fails to

include requirements for monitoring those who are vaccinated

to catch adverse reactions before they develop into life

threatening complications, similar to the military plan.

There is also no funding for state and local public health

departments to carry out this expensive program safely.

The legislation also fails to include a table of injuries

that ensure that workers will be awarded compensation

quickly. After years of experience with the smallpox vaccine,

there are injuries, that occur within specific time periods,

that are known to be caused by the vaccine. This schedule of

injuries must be included to ensure that compensation will be

quick and certain. Otherwise, workers cannot be certain

before receiving the vaccine that the most likely serious

injuries will qualify for compensation.

We also object to the bill's requirement that workers

receive the vaccination within 180 days of the date

regulations are issued. Any worker that is vaccinated under

the Secretary's declaration must be eligible for federal

compensation. It is punitive to deny compensation to a worker

who opts to participate at a later date.

H.R. 1463 is deeply flawed. We strongly urge you to oppose

this bill.

Sincerely,

Charles M. Loveless,

Director of Legislation.

Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding this time to me.

The administration has asked people to take this immunization in the health care area and first responders have not been doing it. One of the reasons, according to the Institute of Medicine, is because they do not feel that they are going to be backed up by the government when they take the risk of some adverse event.

Now, I want to point out to my good friend, the gentleman from Louisiana, the chairman of the committee, that he should not personalize this whole matter and have it on his conscience that we cannot pass this bill today. Of course, this could have come under the rules and we could have had opportunity for amendments to consider. But I want to point out that we asked for smallpox compensation as part of the bioterrorism bill in 2001, we asked for smallpox compensation as part of the homeland security bill in 2002, we formally requested an administration proposal in December 2002, and we proposed our own bill in February of this year. Only in March, 2 weeks ago, did the majority respond. And now, of course, it is take it or leave it. Take it or leave it. That is what we are being told.

This is a bad policy and a bad process by which to protect the public health. We had negotiations by staff. It might have helped for Members to sit down and talk this through. And if Members and staff cannot agree, then we have committees and subcommittees to consider the details of legislation. And if it is too urgent for committees and subcommittees to act after all this time, at least let the House consider a bill and consider various alternatives.

I think we are now engaged in a very bad process, and I think that we are being asked to take very bad policy that is going to be self- defeating. Because if many of the nurses do not want it, and the firefighters do not want it, and the police members do not want it, and other first responders do not feel it is adequate and they are not going to be compensated, then we are not accomplishing the goal that we should for all of us.

Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent, and I hope the gentleman on the other side will appreciate this since we were misinformed on the time, that we be given an additional 5 minutes on each side.

Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

That may well work, but again we have another example of trying to say no more than a certain amount. And it may be adequate, but let us be generous to our colleagues and let us be generous to the first responders.

Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1463) to provide benefits for certain individuals with injuries resulting from administration of a smallpox vaccine, and for other purposes.

Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their remarks and include extraneous material on the bill, H.R. 1463.

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 5 minutes.

Mr. Speaker, I rise today to urge all Members to support H.R. 1463, the Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003, a critical bill introduced by the vice chairman of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the gentleman from North Carolina (Mr. Burr).

In January of this year, our HHS Secretary Tommy Thompson called on health personnel and emergency responders from across the Nation to join smallpox emergency response teams in order to ensure that our country was better prepared to deal with any outbreak of this deadly disease caused by terrorists or rogue regimes such as Iraq. These patriots have been asked to volunteer to get the smallpox vaccine now so that they can administer the vaccine to the public should the need arise. Since then, roughly 25,000 American volunteers have indeed volunteered for this vaccine.

These health personnel and emergency responders are indeed to be saluted for their service to the country. However, we do not need tens of thousands of Americans to respond, we need hundreds of thousands, if not millions; and we need these many, many Americans, health personnel, and emergency first responders to heed the Secretary's call.

The legislation before us today, which was requested by the administration, provides incentive for such individuals to roll up their sleeves and get a shot. The bill does a number of important things:

First, it provides for a total disability and death benefit equal to the amount payable under the Public Safety Officers Benefit, the PSOB, the existing Federal program that currently pays $262,000 in a lump sum, indexed for inflation, to public safety officers who are killed or totally disabled in the line of duty.

Given the sacrifice that we are asking from these smallpox volunteers, a small number of whom may indeed suffer severe adverse reactions which could include death, it makes sense to provide these similar benefits.

But this bill goes further than the PSOB. It also provides coverage for all reasonable and necessary medical expenses that are incurred by individuals who are vaccinated and suffer adverse

effects, to the extent that such expenses are not picked up by their own individual primary health insurance. The bill provides also lost employment income if an individual misses more than 5 days of work due to adverse effects of the vaccine. Under this benefit, the individual could receive up to 75 percent of his monthly salary and up to $50,000 a year in supplemental wages capped at the maximum amount of the PSO death benefit.

It is important to emphasize that the death and total disability benefits are additive to any other death or disability benefit the individual is already entitled to under Social Security, under State and local government, under employers, or under private insurance plans. And the lost wage income under this program, while secondary to other similar benefits the person may have, supplements those benefits to the extent the Federal program is more generous. For example, many States and employers have much lower annual and lifetime caps on workers' compensation benefits, which means the higher Federal figures in our bill would supplement those other benefits.

And finally, the legislation provides most sensible and noncontroversial technical amendments to last year's Homeland Security Bill to provide better liability protections to the hospitals, doctors, nurses, and public health officials at the State and local levels who we are asking to participate in this most important program.

I must say I am disappointed, however, that despite the good faith efforts on both sides of the aisle, and they have been good faith efforts, we are not able to reach a bipartisan agreement on the package. I strongly disagree that there should be any doubt as to the commitment of the administration or the commitment of the Congress to pay these benefits to injured volunteers as these bills become due.

I also disagree with the notion that the $262,000 caps for disability and lost wages do not in fact provide a sufficient compensation package. If these caps are good enough for our public police officers and our firefighters who die in the line of duty, then I submit to you that indeed they are good enough for this program as well.

A few people have in fact died after taking the vaccine, although we do not know they died as a result of vaccine. But either way, we should not delay in establishing a compensation program that would help with these people, simply because we cannot agree right now on whether a $262,000 figure is sufficient or not. We still need to provide, we need to move forward with this incentive to make sure people are adequately vaccinated to meet this threat.

Now, let us get the help to the people who need it now. If we find out down the road that the program is inadequate or certain respects need to be changed, we can always fix it later. This is an emergency. This will make sure that we have the people available, ready to vaccinate all of America if, God forbid, the worst should happen and we suffer a smallpox attack.

Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.

Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Boehner), the distinguished chairman of the Committee on Education and the Workforce.

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 2 minutes to briefly set the record straight.

There has been extraordinary negotiations with the minority on this bill, over 2 weeks of it. The administration brought this bill to us as an emergency. It called upon us immediately to give authority to provide these benefits to people who would volunteer to vaccinate American citizens in the event of an attack of smallpox in this country, which could come at any time, as we know, particularly as hostilities are engaged in the Middle East and Iraq.

It brought it to us as an emergency and we took over 2 weeks to negotiate. And we negotiated over a dozen changes, I am told. The most important change we made was to bring up that disability cap from $50,000 a year, that out-of-work cap, to the same level we provide for policemen and firemen in this country. And, Mr. Speaker, I would say to the gentleman from California (Mr. Waxman) that this is a supplemental program, just as that program is. It is on top of. It is full secondary coverage of medical benefits with no deductibles. That is a lot better than most plans. It is primary lump sum disability and death benefit that, under the Federal Public Safety Officers and Employees is equal to $262,000. It is secondary coverage for temporary and partial disability from $50,000 a year, again we raised it from the administration provision, all the way up to the $262,000 level. It is on top of disability benefits under Social Security; on top of the benefits available in the State Employee or Private Disability Benefits, and we still preserve the right to sue in Federal torts claim court.

Doggone right we are behind those volunteers. Doggone right this is an emergency. But we took 2 weeks, and I took it with a great deal of pain on my conscience because I thought every night, when we were negotiating this thing with our colleagues over here, I thought every night, what happens if tomorrow we get hit and we have not passed this bill yet and we do not have enough volunteers out there to vaccinate all of America. What happens if every day I take negotiating with the other side is a day we put our country at risk. And I suffered every night with that thought for 2 weeks. We have negotiated this bill to a point that it ought to get passed today.

Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Burgess).

Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, why do we not take such time as the gentleman consumed. I think the gentlewoman yielded the gentleman 2 minutes. And what time did the gentleman just use, Mr. Speaker?

Mr. Speaker, I would suggest, instead, that we add an additional 2 minutes to each side, in fairness.

So, Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that each side be granted 2 additional minutes to make up for the inaccurate call of the Chair.

I would be happy to yield to the gentleman from California.

Mr. Speaker, reclaiming my time, I will be happy to just object and not have any extension, if the gentleman wants to argue about a couple of minutes.

Otherwise, I ask unanimous consent that each side be accorded 2 additional minutes to make up for the error of the Chair.

Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from California (Mr. Cox), chairman of the Select Committee on Homeland Security.

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time.

Let me address the two principal objections to this bill. The first is that some of the first responders would like more coverage. They would like more coverage than we currently provide for police officers and firefighters who take the chances to go out and fight fires and sacrifice their lives, to go out and fight the criminal elements on the street and take the bullets and sometimes die and sometimes end up disabled and have a lifetime of lost wages. They would like to have more benefits than those individuals. But this is not a management- labor union discussion. This is an emergency. When the other side asked for time, for 2 weeks to work with us in a bipartisan fashion to up the benefits comparable to what police and firemen have, we did that. It is now in the bill.

The other objection they raise is that, well, this is not due process. We have taken this bill to the floor under suspension. We are not taking it through all the committees of jurisdiction. How many committees claim jurisdiction on this bill, Mr. Speaker? Let us start with the Committee on Education and the Workforce. We heard from the chairman who instead worked with us cooperatively to get this bill to the floor. Judiciary could have a claim on this bill. Judiciary worked with us cooperatively to get this bill to the floor. Appropriations could certainly have a claim on this bill, but they have worked with us to get this bill to the floor.

Why have all the committees worked with us to get this bill to the floor without all the markups and all the committees that might have jurisdiction on it? Because they know the emergency. They understand how important it is to get this bill done and signed by the President immediately. We have all been briefed. We have all been briefed about the danger of smallpox terrorism. We have all been briefed about how easy it would be for a country like Iraq, which we know probably has smallpox virus, to slip it into this country, to expose someone and then begin exposing our general population. They know that in 2 weeks, everyone once exposed becomes a carrier and exposes more people and that second- and third- and fourth-generation exposure occurs and we lose 30 percent of the population of America potentially. They know the danger. They know the emergency. Every committee has cooperated with us.

For 2 weeks we negotiated with the other side, a fair negotiation to get this bill in a way that you could accept

it. We made a dozen changes, raised the amount of the benefits, changed the percentages to 75 percent for those with dependents. We built a program as good as any program for anyone in the Federal service, and we built it as good as the policemen and firemen.

But that is not enough. Enough is never enough. But we do not have time to quibble about what is enough here. Do not come to this floor saying that no one supports this bill in the health care community. Let me read to my colleagues the supporters: The American Hospital Association, people who will be on the front line taking care of all these people infected with smallpox if we are not careful; the American Medical Association, the doctors who have to deliver the care; the American College of Emergency Physicians who are going to meet every sick person coming in with smallpox to an emergency room; the Alliance of Specialty Medicines, representing 160,000 physicians, among many others who support this bill.

This is an emergency. The administration, the Homeland Security Office, have told us we need to give this benefit to those people who will volunteer to take this vaccine to protect themselves and then to protect us. No one is coerced to do this. This bill does not mandate a single person take the vaccine. It simply gives the same rich mix of benefits to those who will volunteer to take this vaccine and protect the rest of us, to be ready to go into action to prevent the second- and third- and fourth-generation exposures that could wipe out so many in this country. It simply says to them, if you volunteer, we give you this coverage. If you volunteer, if you want to be one of those who serve this country in this special way, you get the benefits of this bill.

This bill needs to get passed now. It is an emergency. That is why it is on suspension. We ought to have the courage to pass it. If it does not pass today, it is only because somebody on the other side thinks enough is never enough and you want to quibble about numbers when the country is at stake.

Mr. Speaker, this bill ought to get passed. It needs to get passed now.

Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.

Mr. Speaker, this is an important issue, important to the health and safety of our Nation.

Recent tragedies in the health care community have underscored the need for us to address it and pass a robust compensation package for victims. The President has called for America's nurses, firefighters, and other first responders to be vaccinated against smallpox. Ensuring our frontline health care responders are resistent to smallpox would enhance our ability to respond to an attack resulting from this kind of an outbreak. But this initiative is failing, and to make the program work we need to guarantee our first responders that they and their families will be compensated if they are harmed or killed by the vaccine.

If the administration insists that these people be vaccinated against the disease, then now more than ever it is critical that we provide the peace of mind that these frontline people deserve and need. They do not want handouts. They just want to know that if something happens to them, they and their families will be taken care of. It is not too much to ask. But I can tell you that the bill before us, as it is currently drafted, will not provide that level of assurance.

Before I came to Congress I worked as a public health nurse for many years. These are my colleagues that we are speaking of. And I know what it is like to be on the front line. If you will not take my word for it, listen to the American Nurses Association. They represent the interests of 2.7 million nurses across this country, and they have heard from their members. They oppose this bill because it is insufficient to make the program work.

First, the bill before us does not guarantee that this compensation program will be funded, and without a guarantee of funding, nurses and other first responders who serve their country and become harmed by the vaccine will have no assurance that the bill's promises will be kept.

Second, this bill puts unfair caps on the wage compensation an injured nurse or other first responder can receive. These caps would unfairly penalize those families who lose their main source of income.

We should reject this bill; and instead, we should pass legislation such as the gentleman from California (Mr. Waxman) and I have crafted with our colleagues and with input with direct guidance from these first responders. Our legislation would ensure that medical benefits and the compensation in this bill are funded for years to come. It would recognize and compensate the longer-term loss of wages that could result from such an adverse effect, and it would allow families who lose their main source of income because of the vaccine that they be fully compensated for their loss.

This bill would tell nurses that if they take this risk and serve their country that their families will not be left without resources or hope. Ultimately, the risk of adverse effects is low. Perhaps 200 people out of the 10 million that we want to vaccinate could be affected, but it is so important that we provide the assurance that if a person is one of those 200 people they will be compensated adequately.

Congress now has before it the opportunity to instill, first, confidence in our first responders and truly prepare us for the possible nightmare of a smallpox outbreak. The administration has been disappointed thus far in the turnout for the vaccine. If the wrong kind of legislation is passed, the turnout runs the risk of remaining small, thus, not meeting the goal of the administration.

If this bill before us is not effective, this is our opportunity to fix it. Let us take the time to get it right so that we can create this shield against a bioterrorist attack in the form of smallpox.

I urge my colleagues to support their first responders, to protect America from the threat of smallpox. Defeat this bill. Let us take the time to get this right.

Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.

(Mrs. CAPPS asked and was given permission to revise and extend her remarks, and include extraneous material.)

Mr. Speaker, I insert for the Record letters from the following groups which I have before me. These letters are written by the American Public Health Association; the International Union of Police Associations; the American Nurses Association; the International Association of Firefighters; the American Federation of Teachers; the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees; the Service Employers National Union; and the Infectious Disease Society of America.

American Nurses Association,

March 28, 2003.

Dear Representative: On behalf of the American Nurses

Association (ANA), I urge you to oppose the Smallpox

Emergency Personnel Protection Act (H.R. 1463). This bill

does not provide adequate education, prescreening,

surveillance, and compensation--therefore it will not result

in an increase in the number of nurses volunteering for

vaccinations. As this bill will be considered under the

suspension of the rules, you will be denied the opportunity

to vote in favor of the Capps/Waxman substitute that ANA

supports.

The ANA is the only full-service association representing

the nation's RNs through our 54 state and territorial

constituent member organizations. Our members are well

represented in the Administration's plan to vaccinate 10.5

million health care workers and first responders.

ANA supports efforts to ensure that our nation is prepared

for a possible terrorist attack. ANA has, since November

2002, been trying to work with the Administration to

formulate a strong smallpox vaccination program that will

encourage nurses to volunteer to be immunized. Since the

Administration's plan was first announced, ANA has repeatedly

raised questions about the health and safety of nurses who

are vaccinated, as well as their patients and families. ANA's

concerns have been echoed by many in the public health

community and reinforced by an expert panel from the

Institute of Medicine. Unfortunately, the Smallpox Emergency

Personnel Protection Act (H.R. 1463), fails to address these

questions.

The smallpox vaccine is a live virus. It has the worst

record of negative side effects of any vaccine in the world.

It is imperative, as a matter of public health, that those

being vaccinated understand the risks of the vaccine to

themselves and their loved ones, and be prescreened for

conditions that require them to refuse the vaccine. The

smallpox inoculation site can shed the live virus for up to

three weeks. In the 1960s, more than 20% of the adverse

vaccination events occurred in secondary contacts. Therefore,

the vaccination program poses a risk not only to nurses, but

also to their patients and families.

Members of the armed services have received personalized

education, and free and confidential prescreening prior to

the administration of the vaccine. This process properly

screened out one-third of the potential recipients. The

Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act fails to require

a similar program. In addition, H.R. 1463 fails to require

sufficient funding needed to ensure that state and local

public health officials can actually implement the crucial

education, prescreening, and surveillance programs. The

recent death of a Maryland nurse, a Florida nurse aide, and a

National Guardsman only underscore the need for this robust

education, prescreening, and surveillance effort. Nurses and

other first responders will continue to feel uncomfortable

about the vaccine until they receive the reliable information

needed to make an informed decision.

Furthermore, H.R. 1463 contains an insufficient, unfunded

compensation program. The Administration is basically asking

healthy nurses to place themselves (as well as their patients

and families) at risk for the common good. The vaccination

has no tangible benefits for nurses; it is sought in the name

of homeland security. ANA does not believe that nurses should

be made to bear this public risk without the guarantee of a

real compensation program. H.R. 1463 contains an unacceptable

lifetime cap on wage replacement and fails to ensure that

funds will be available for the compensation fund.

ANA urges you to vote against H.R. 1463. Your no vote does

not mean that you oppose a smallpox compensation program. In

fact, the solid disapproval of this bill will demonstrate

needed support for a real smallpox vaccination program, such

as the Capps/Waxman substitute. Please feel free to call Erin

McKeon (202) 651-7095 or Christopher Donnellan (202) 651-7088

on my staff with any questions regarding this letter.

Sincerely,

Rose Gonzalez, MPS, RN,

Director, Government Affairs.

Mr. Speaker, could I inquire what time remains?

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume to

say, with all due respect to my chairman, for whom I have a great deal of respect, that I commend him for his sense of urgency about the timing of this. The first responders, my colleagues who are nurses, have told us that they want confidence before they are going to roll up their sleeves and take this vaccine, and that this bill does not give them the confidence and that is why we stand in opposition to this bill.

Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from California (Mr. Waxman) for a response.

Could I beg of the Chair to consider then, because I was generous in yielding to my colleague, that we be given more time, because we have several people who still wish to speak?

Mr. Speaker, could I now inquire how much time is remaining?

Mr. Speaker, I am happy to yield 1\1/2\ minutes to the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Strickland), a member of the Subcommittee on Health.

Mr. Speaker, I yield 1\1/2\ minutes to the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Markey).

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time.

I stand here with my colleagues in opposition to this bill, drafted by the leadership with a kind of arrogance that presumes to know what is best for our first responders than they themselves know. With their testimony, with their letters, with their anguish, they implore us to give them the confidence that they need if they are going to be asked to take a risk to become a part of the shield to protect this Nation against terrorist attack.

We need to defeat this legislation for them so that they can have confidence in this House that we can do what is right, not just for them but for our Nation in this time of peril. And so I will close by using some of the language of my colleague, the ranking member of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell) who says in his written statement, ``Right after we defeat this bill, I hope that we can set about the task of creating bipartisan legislation that all Members of the House can support. The very people this bill purports to help, nurses, EMTs, police officers, firefighters, find this hastily crafted legislation lacking. Why? Because it fails to address their very significant concerns.''

Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.

Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to H.R. 1463. The House should be considering a bill today that responds to two basic questions: how do we encourage first responders--nurses, emergency room doctors, police, and firefighters--to volunteer for smallpox vaccinations; and second, how do we compensate them for any injury, disability or fatality they suffer in the event of an adverse reaction. Instead, the bill we are voting on--with no opportunity to amend or offer a substitute--accomplishes neither.

Last week, a 57-year-old nurse from my own state of Maryland died within 5 days of receiving the smallpox vaccine. The CDC is still investigating the nexus between the vaccine and her death. But to date, 12 health care workers who received the vaccine have experienced severe heart problems within day of inoculation, and 3 have died. These deaths and complications are sending waves of panic through the health care community.

On January 24, the President and HHS Secretary Thompson called for 450,000 first responders to be inoculated against smallpox. Today, as we come to the floor to consider this bill, the Administration has reached only 5 percent of its goal. The response has been dismal not because these workers lack dedication to public health and safety, but because they have justifiable doubts that this vaccine is safe and that if they are injured or die, they and their survivors will be compensated fairly.

Initial risk assessments by HHS did not come close to estimating the percentage of workers who would be at risk of illness or death from the smallpox vaccine. Many individuals are well on their way to heart disease, even though they have no symptoms and feel fine. Many Americans who have high blood pressure and diabetes are completely unaware of their condition.

Both high blood pressure and diabetes increase the risk for heart disease. Unfortunately, these serious problems usually don't cause symptoms until they've already done their damage. They silently harm many organs, including the heart and kidneys. Often people are not diagnosed with these problems until it is too late to prevent damage. By the time symptoms are present, the condition may be critical.

Scientific studies have indicated that for every 100,000 who are immunized against smallpox, 2 or 3 will die. But the U.S. has only immunized 29,000 persons so far, and three deaths have already occurred. Why the decrepancy? HHS's initial risk assessments were based on immunization of much younger subjects, who are at far lower risk of heart disease. But the three workers who died were all in their fifties, and the average age of nurses in our workforce is 45. Those who would be immunized under the president's plan are at much higher peril of adverse reactions.

The CDC had already announced a temporary medical deferral for persons diagnosed with heart disease, and late last week it expanded that category to include individuals with three of more ``major risk factors'' for heart disease, including smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Small wonder that the participation rate among our health care workers is so low. It is likely to remain low until workers gain confidence that government has a better understanding of risk factors.

Our nation's first responders should be protected against smallpox. But a vaccination program can only succeed to the extent that government succeeds in assuring workers that potential side effects will be minimized, and that they will be treated fairly and compensated adequately in the event of illness, disability, or death.

The underlying bill fails these tests. It limits payments for lost income to any annual maximum of $50,000. There is no wage replacement for those who suffer permanently disability or death. Why would nurses, who earn an average salary of $40,000, risk their families' future for so little?

The Burr bill won't begin replacing lost wages until 5 days have passed. A national program ought to provide first dollar compensation, not last-resort coverage. The Burr bill also imposes a deadline of 180 days for workers to qualify for compensation. Those vaccinated after that time would not qualify. How can we know how long it take our States and localities to vaccinate a sufficient number of volunteers?

In addition, the bill provides no funding for education, screening, or surveillance. The National Association of County and City Health Officials has estimated that to provide pre-vaccination education and screening, and surveillance for adverse reactions would cost between $154 and $284 per person. If the Administration plans to vaccinate 500,000 workers in Phase I and another 10 million in Phase II, we are taking about a $2 billion unfunded mandate to our localities.

Mr. Speaker, our towns' and cities' budgets are already strained as they conduct other bioterrorism preparedness activities. Our localities do not have sufficient funds to prepare for chemical, biological and radiological terrorism, and more than half of our local governments have reported that smallpox and other bioterrorism planning has negatively affected other local public health services. They are delaying programs, turning down community requests, and reducing the frequency of client visits.

Mr. Speaker, we have asked America's first responders to put their lives on the line to protect the rest of us. The compensation we offer

must be adequate; it must be immediate; it must be guaranteed. I believe the House is united in its appreciation of an support for our first responders. Legislation to compensate them for their illness, disability or death should reflect that level of support. I am disappointed that the bill before us does not do that. I urge the House to reject this bill and I call upon the leadership to return with legislation that will provide a meaningful compensation program for those on the front line against bioterrorism.

Mr. Speaker, I had hoped to come to the Floor today with a bill I could recommend to my colleagues on both sides of the aisle.

We had been working together, over the past few days, in serious negotiations over what would be required of a vaccine program in order for our nurses and first responders to feel secure enough to put their health, their lives, and their livelihoods on the line by taking a smallpox vaccination.

There was progress on some features that are reflected in this bill. We are grateful for that.

But unfortunately, those talks broke down last week and we find ourselves instead in a process that restricts our discussion of this issue and does not allow us to consider a Democratic alternative-- proposed by colleagues Lois Capps and Henry Waxman--that is based on the recommendations of the nurses, the firefighters, the police, the emergency medical technicians, and other first responders.

They are being asked to step forward and take a vaccination that has the potential for dangerous side effects--including the possibility of death.

Make no mistake about it. The votes that count are not the votes that we will cast here in this body. The votes that count are the votes of those men and women who are nurses, medical workers, firefighters, EMTs, police officers, and others who will go to the state health department and roll up their sleeves and take a risk to help improve the nation's prepareness against terrorist attack.

These are not people who avoid risk. They take risks almost every day. You know who they are. They are the caregivers who tend to the sick, rescue the victims, and walk the streets to make us safer.

They are the night-duty emergency room nurses who crawled through the rubble of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City to try to find someone--anyone--who was still alive.

They are the firefighters who ran up the stairs instead of down the stairs in the World Trade Center to help the last of the people trapped in that horrific nightmare to escape.

They are the police officers who walk the beat every day and who risk their lives to keep us safe.

They are also mothers and fathers, caregivers for elderly parents, and breadwinners for their families. And they have a very human and understandable desire to protect their families in case something goes wrong.

It is an unfortunate fact that some of the people who will take the smallpox vaccine will suffer serious adverse effects that could cause them to be unable to continue their current job, see their pay reduced or--if they were to become totally and permanently disabled--lose the ability to work altogether.

They could even lose their lives. We have all seen the news reports of the National Guardsman, the nurse's aide in Florida, and the nurse on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Each of them received the vaccine, but then later died of cardiac arrest.

We don't know, yet, whether there is a direct link between the smallpox vaccine and these heart problems. The Centers for Disease Control have not been able to definitively rule a connection in or out.

But the CDC has now recommended that anyone who has a known heart ailment not receive the smallpox vaccination.

And New York State and Illinois--as well as a number of municipalities--have temporarily suspended any further vaccinations until there is a more thorough investigation.

The bottom line is, whether any connection is proven between the smallpox vaccine and heart disease, there will ultimately be injuries and deaths from the vaccine. There is no question of that.

The choice of whether to get vaccinated is up to the nurses and the other first responders themselves based, in part, on the adequacy of the vaccine program we provide for them.

That is why we believe an adequate smallpox vaccine compensation package has to have a clear education component so that the health care workers and other first responders will know what the most likely side effects will be and what the effects could be on their families.

Legislation of this kind should have the strongest possible pre- screening program based upon the most up-to-date information.

It should have an aggressive monitoring program so that health experts can follow up the vaccinations and look out for patterns of adverse reactions so we can adjust the pre-screening program.

And it should provide a level of financial security so those who take the vaccination can be assured that their families will receive compensation if they become disabled or lose their lives protecting Americans from the horrific effects of a terrorist-sponsored smallpox attack.

The Republican bill falls short on each of these counts.

There is a better way. We can defeat this bill under the suspension of the rules. We can go back to the negotiating table or we can bring a new bill to the Floor with a substitute amendment that the nurses and first responders say will truly respond to their concerns.

My colleagues, I urge you to defeat the Burr bill today. Let us have a vote on the Capps-Waxman proposal that will better protect our public servants--our heroes and our heroines--and better produce the desired effect of having more frontline workers inoculated against a smallpox attack.

Mr. Speaker, I urge a ``no'' vote on the Republican bill.