A bill to authorize the President to issue posthumously to the late William "Billy" Mitchell a commission as major general, United States Army.

Mr. President, it is a privilege to introduce the Safe Orderly Legal Visas and Enforcement (SOLVE) Act of 2004.

Much of the Nation's economy today depends on the hard work and the many contributions of immigrants. Many industries depend heavily on immigrant labor. These workers enrich our Nation and improve the quality of our lives. Yet millions of today's immigrant workers are undocumented. These workers and their families live in constant fear of deportation, and are easy targets of abuse and exploitation by unscrupulous employers and by criminals. Many risk great danger, and even death, to cross our borders.

For important reasons--to strengthen national security, to guarantee sound economic and labor practices, and to ensure fundamental fairness--it is essential to reform our immigration system. We need immigration policies that provide a safe, orderly system where legality is the prevailing norm. We need immigration policies that reflect current economic realities, that respect the core values of family unity and fundamental fairness and that uphold our proud tradition as a Nation of immigrants.

These are complex issues, deserving careful consideration and debate. But they are also issues that demand immediate attention. Our bill creates a genuine earned legalization program for undocumented workers and a revised temporary worker program with protections for both U.S. and foreign workers. It also creates a realistic path to citizenship for all deserving immigrants, and takes clear steps to reunite immigrant families.

The legislation will benefit both workers and businesses. It improves wages and working conditions, and provides an effective way for foreign-born workers to become permanent residents if they wish to do so. It benefits immigrant families by reducing the unacceptable backlogs and obstacles that have separated families for too many years.

Family unity has always been a fundamental cornerstone of America's immigration policy. Despite this fact, over three million individuals are awaiting immigrant visas in order to reunite with their families. This bill will allow immigrant families to be reunited more quickly and humanely. It also removes other obstacles in our current immigration laws that are separating families, such as the stringent affidavit-of- support requirements and the bars to admissibility.

No immigration proposal is complete without an earned adjustment program. Hard-working immigrants living in the United States contribute to the economic growth and prosperity of our Nation. Immigrant workers are, and will continue to be, essential to the success of many American businesses. Our legislation will allow these long-term, tax-paying immigrants to apply for earned adjustment of status, providing employers with a more stable workforce and improving the wages and working conditions of all workers.

A revised temporary worker program is a necessary component of any immigration reform, but it cannot stand alone. It must be enacted in conjunction with earned legalization and family unity priorities, and it must avoid the troubling legacy of exploitation that has marred past guest worker programs.

This legislation strikes a fair balance. It will ensure that individuals participating in the program receive the same labor protections as those given to U.S. workers, including the right to organize, the right to change jobs between employers and economic sectors, and the protection of wages, hours, and working conditions. Anything else would subject migrants to abuse, and undermine the jobs, wages and working conditions of U.S. workers. The bill also provides participants with an opportunity to become permanent residents, and eventually citizens, if they wish to do so. Without such an opportunity, we will be creating second class status for temporary workers.

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11th, we can no longer tolerate policies that fail to protect and control our borders. For the last decade, Congress has invested millions of dollars to vastly increase the number of immigration border patrol agents, improve surveillance technology, and install other controls to strengthen border enforcement, especially at our southwest border. Yet, almost everyone will agree that these policies have failed to stop illegal immigration. The proof is in the numbers--several hundred thousand people continue to enter the U.S. illegally each year.

Our border enforcement strategy has, in effect, diverted migration flows to the most inhospitable desert and mountain terrains, causing dramatic increases in deaths due to exposure to the elements. According to statistics from the U.S. Border Patrol, since 1998 nearly 2,000 people have died making the treacherous journey across our southern border. Desperate migrants are being drawn into criminal smuggling syndicates, increasing the danger of violence to border patrol agents, border communities, and the migrant themselves. As Stephen Flynn, an expert on terrorism, noted at a recent Congressional hearing, these ``draconian measures'' have produced chaos at our borders, which ``makes it ideal for exploitation by criminals and terrorists.''

Our borders must be safe and secure. Although no terrorists have been apprehended crossing the southern border, the conditions there are ripe for abuse. Our present enforcement policies are not effective. Our bill will replace the chaotic, deadly illegal crossings along our southwest border with orderly and safe legal avenues for immigrant workers and immigrant families. Substantially legalizing the flow of people at our borders will strengthen our security and substantially reduce criminal activities, enabling immigration enforcement agents to focus their resources on terrorists and criminals attempting to enter the country. The bill will strengthen national security by encouraging undocumented persons to come forward to become legal.

We have a unique opportunity to reform the current immigration system, and apply sensible policies that reaffirm our commitment to family unity, fundamental fairness, economic opportunity, and humane treatment.

The bill we are introducing today will achieve the full reforms we need. A good first step would be to enact two bills that are already pending--the AgJOBS bill to reform the immigration laws for migrant workers, and the DREAM Act, to enable undocumented high school students to qualify for legal status so they can attend college. The Administration's wholehearted endorsements of these two bills would guarantee their immediate passage. Let's at least get these bills done now. We cannot afford any more delays.

I look forward to working with my colleagues to reform our immigration laws. It's time to make these long-overdue reforms happen.

Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Lead-Free Drinking Water Act of 2004 with my colleague Senator Sarbanes. We are joined by our colleagues, Congresswoman Norton, Congressman Waxman, and others, who will be introducing the House companion bill today.

I was horrified, as I imagine we all were, when it was first reported that lead levels in DC public water system was significantly higher than Federal guidelines, and had been so for at least two years. I asked myself the same thing thousands of DC residents were asking themselves--why weren't we told about this sooner. How much water did I drink? How much water did my children drink? What are the effects of lead in our blood stream? What are the long-term effects? What are we going to do about it?

This is a pretty sad situation no matter where you live, but it is especially upsetting when you live in the Capital

of the free world. Clearly, mistakes were made and changes are needed-- because if it can happen in Washington, DC or Boston, it can happen anywhere.

The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, of which I am the ranking member, held a hearing on this issue last month, and we heard some pretty compelling testimony from DC residents, health experts, risk management professionals and government officials.

But we are going to do more than just hold hearings; today we are introducing the Lead-Free Drinking Waste Act of 2004.

Our bill will overhaul the Safe Drinking Water Act to strengthen the Federal rules governing lead testing and regulations in our public water systems to ensure that our most vulnerable citizens--infants, children, pregnant women, and new moms--are not harmed by lead in the drinking water.

Specifically, the bill requires the EPA to re-evaluate the current regulatory structure to figure out if it really provides the level of public health protection required.

The bill calls on the EPA to establish a maximum contaminant level for lead at the tap, and if that is not practical given the presence of lead inside home plumbing systems, the bill requires EPA to re-evaluate the current action level for lead to ensure that vulnerable populations such as infants, children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers receive adequate protection.

I look forward to working with EPA on this evaluation to determine which approach is most feasible and which provides the greatest level of public health protection.

EPA has three choices--keep current standard, an ``action level'' at 15 parts per billion; lower the current action level below 15 parts per billion; or establish a ``maximum contaminant load.''

For example, it is clear that a maximum contaminant level, which is measured at the water treatment plant, would do little to protect people from lead-contaminated drinking water at their faucets. Our bill requires that standards be measured at the top.

It is also clear that a low lead action level measured at the tap could provide more protection than a high MCL measured anywhere in the system if there were extremely strong and effective public notification procedures in place.

Public notice is the key to success of any lead regulation-parents say to me, ``If only I had known, I could have protected my family.'' It is our job to be sure the public notice system we have in place gets people the information they need when they need it.

The bill will require that information such as the number of homes tested, the lead levels found, the areas of the community in which they were located, and the disproportionate adverse health effects of lead on infants, be made public immediately upon detection of lead.

In addition, the bill requires that, as part of routine testing conducted, any residents whose homes test high for lead receive notification within 14 days, and appropriate medical referrals.

Finally, we don't want the day of an exceedance to be the first time people have heard about lead in drinking water. The bill establishes a basic public education program to ensure that people have a basic understanding that lead may be present in drinking water and what the corrective actions might be even before their water system detects a problem.

Right now, EPA can't say if we have a national problem or not. We need one-time nationwide testing for lead in drinking water at all water systems to determine if DC is an isolated case or if there are other ``sleeping giants'' out there.

The bill requires increased water testing and lead remediation in schools and day-care centers nationwide. This provision exists in law today, but it was affected by previous litigation. This bill corrects the problem by requiring the Administrator to execute this program if States choose not to. It is wholly unacceptable to do anything less than provide a learning environment for our next generation that does not degrade their intellectual capacity. Our bill provides $150 million over five years for this program. And we strengthen existing requirements to ensure that ALL lead service lines will be replaced by a public water system at a rate of 10 percent per year until they are gone. It provides more Federal funding to upgrade water distribution systems to replace lead service lines.

This is common sense--let's get rid of the lead in our distribution systems and get rid of the lead in our water.

Our bill makes the water systems responsible for replacing lead service lines, including the privately-owned sections, once a system exceeds lead standards. Homeowners have the final say in whether their line is replaced. We provide $1 billion over five years for lead service line replacement.

The EPA estimates that our Nation needs 265 billion dollars to maintain and improve its drinking water infrastructure over the next twenty years. If we don't address this, we will be facing more and more health and environmental issues as our Nation's water infrastructure degrades.

Lead service lines are only one part of the picture. Leaded solder was banned in 1987. However, ``lead-free'' plumbing fixtures are currently allowed to have eight percent lead. Our bill bans leaded plumbing fixtures and components.

It is time to get the lead out of our pipes, out of our water, out of our families and out of our lives. Safe drinking water is not a privilege; it is a right--whether you live in Washington, DC, or Washington State or Washington County, VT.

We hope to move this bill this year. My Committee is scheduled to consider water infrastructure legislation later this month, and I think the ``Lead-Free Drinking Water Act of 2004'' would be an important addition to that bill.

I just want to say it has been an honor to work with Senator Sarbanes, Congresswoman Norton, and Congressman Waxman on this vitally important issue.

Mr. President, I rise today to introduce The Working Family Tax Relief Act of 2004. I would like to thank my colleague, Senator Miller, for his support of this important legislation. His leadership has laid the foundation of bipartisan support that this critical tax bill and working American families deserve.

Tax relief has contributed to economic growth throughout our economy. We have successfully encouraged companies to create more jobs and Americans to save and spend more. The President's tax cuts and our votes here in the Senate helped to revive an economy that was sagging in 2000 and shocked by the tragedies of September 11, 2001.

We put a plan in place in 2001 to help the American family to keep more of the money they work so hard to earn. In 2003, Congress saw fit to accelerate the effective date of some of this family tax relief in order to give these families this help as quickly as possible. As a result, every American family who paid any income taxes during 2003 saw a reduction in their taxes and they will enjoy those lower taxes for this year as well. However, if we do not act this year, America's working families will face a tax increase next year. We cannot allow this to happen.

The lowest-income Americans have benefited dramatically from the new 10 percent tax bracket. Today, thanks to this new bracket, working Americans are keeping more of their hard-earned paychecks. But if we do nothing, taxpayers with as little as $7,000 in taxable income could face a tax increase next year. My legislation proposes to keep the current 10 percent tax rate bracket in place rather than allowing it to shrink and increase taxes on the working families of America. This extension could bring relief to as many as 1.2 million people in Kentucky and millions of others throughout the country.

And, if we do nothing, the child tax credit will be cut by 30 percent in 2005. We need to keep the $1,000 tax credit and not let it revert to the old $700 credit. There are over 350,000 taxpayers in Kentucky who need this tax relief and will benefit from this legislation. We can't ask millions of Americans to pay an extra $300 per child next year. Will you ask the families of this country, who have worked so hard to raise our entire economy up, to pay more in taxes simply because they have children? I know I won't, and I hope my colleagues won't either.

The accelerated marriage penalty relief will also lapse after this year unless the Senate acts. I propose keeping the current tax deduction in place, which we increased to twice that of an individual taxpayer in 2003. Without this extension, married couples will see a cut in their standardized deduction--actually penalizing couples for being married. Over 465,000 Kentuckians benefits from this legislation. We need to keep this important tax relief intact.

And finally we need to address an unintended consequence of the Alternative Minimum Tax. When the Senate passed the AMT, it was designed to ensure wealthier Americans paid at least some percentage of their income in taxes. Now that same AMT is hurting working families and middle-income America. In 2003, the Senate passed limited AMT relief that is now set to expire. This legislation will keep the current exemption levels of $40,250 for single and $58,000 for married taxpayers in place for 2005. If we fail to act, an additional $7,000 to $13,000 of middle-income taxpayers' income will be subject to this tax. We all know that the AMT is a serious issue and one that we must address--the limited relief contained in this bill is not a final solution to this large problem, but it will keep the problem from getting even worse.

There are other important tax cuts that should be extended and there are other problems with the tax code that I would like to correct. But the four provisions addressed in this bill have to be addressed today not just to provide tax relief, but to prevent an immediate tax increase. We owe it to the working families and low-income Americans who rely on these tax cuts to act quickly and extend these four provisions--the 10 percent tax bracket, child tax credit, marriage penalty relief and AMT relief. Working American families and lower to middle-income America were hit hard with the economic downturn--that is why we passed these tax cuts in the first place. And now, just as these industrious Americans have started to find new jobs and spend a little more money to grow the economy, we cannot hold them back with a tax increase.

And I can't stress this point enough. Many Americans--especially low and middle income families--will have their tax rates increased and face cuts in their deductions and credits unless we act. My bill is about extending the important tax breaks that we all agreed to in 2001 and accelerated in 2003. We made a commitment to the American family in the midst of an economic downturn--offering them tax relief to help stimulate the economy. And now that these tax cuts are starting to work, we can't afford to take them back. We must stay the course and support our Nation's families as we move the American economy forward toward renewed prosperity.

I know how tight government finances are likely to be this year. And as my colleagues know, I have always taken a hard look at spending proposals. But we built about $80 billion into the Senate-passed FY 2005 Budget proposal for these tax provisions. And there are similar provisions in the House-approved budget. I am confident that we can secure the amount we will need for this proposal over the next few years.

We find ourselves in a unique position--we must be proactive to protect the American family from an unjust tax increase. We need to take a stand for low and middle income America. This Bunning-Miller tax relief legislation will protect working Americans from what would be a devastating tax increase in 2005. I urge my colleagues to get behind this bipartisan legislation and support the Working Family Tax Relief Act of 2004.

Mr. President, today I am introducing a bill to honor one of the Nation's great military visionaries, the late William ``Billy'' Mitchell. My legislation would correct an injustice that has existed for almost eight decades by calling on the President to posthumously award Billy Mitchell a commission as major general in the United States Army.

I would like to first recognize the support this measure has received from the Senator from Alaska, Mr. Stevens, the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee and the Subcommittee on Defense Appropriations, the Senator from Virginia, Mr. Warner, the Chairman of the Armed Services Committee, and the Senator from New Hampshire, Mr. Gregg, who is a member of the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee. And I would also like to commend my colleague in the House, Mr. Bass, who, with the support of House Armed Services Chairman Duncan Hunter, steered identical legislation to unanimous passage in that chamber in the fall of last year. I am pleased to join my colleagues as we recognize the accomplishments of this important figure in our country's military history.

Billy Mitchell joined the Army at age 18 in 1898. As he quickly rose in rank, he began to realize the incredible potential for air power in establishing military superiority. After World War I, Billy Mitchell became a brigadier general and deputy commander of the Air Service, and in this position he began pressing senior military officials and the White House for increased funding for the development of a formidable air force. In fact, he conducted a test for senior Army and Navy officials in the Chesapeake Bay in 1921 that bolstered his contention that air power represented the future of combat, while embarrassing many naysayers.

Although Billy Mitchell was long on vision and foresight, he was short on tact. After the 1921 test, his relationship with his superiors deteriorated as his very public battle for Air Service funding had taken an increasingly bitter tone, and after an accident that took the lives of Navy sailors, Mitchell accused senior military leaders of ``almost treasonable administration of the national defense.'' He was court-martialed for insubordination, found guilty, sentenced to 5 years loss of pay, and demoted to the rank of colonel. Yet to the surprise of no one, Billy Mitchell continued to be a strong and effective voice in support of air power after resigning his commission in 1926 until his untimely death 10 years later.

Billy Mitchell sacrificed his career to help change the way our country defends itself and projects military force across the globe to protect and preserve freedom. We have seen over time--most recently during the war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq--how important air power is in achieving our military objectives. Mitchell's prognostications many years ago about the future of air power has been proven correct many times over, and it is now time for our nation to recognize the enormous contribution Billy Mitchell has made to the citizens and soldiers of the United States of America. I urge my colleagues to support this bill to finally give the late Billy Mitchell the rank of major general, United States Army.

Mr. President, today I am introducing a bill to honor one of the Nation's great military visionaries, the late William ``Billy'' Mitchell. My legislation would correct an injustice that has existed for almost eight decades by calling on the President to posthumously award Billy Mitchell a commission as major general in the United States Army.

I would like to first recognize the support this measure has received from the Senator from Alaska, Mr. Stevens, the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee and the Subcommittee on Defense Appropriations, the Senator from Virginia, Mr. Warner, the Chairman of the Armed Services Committee, and the Senator from New Hampshire, Mr. Gregg, who is a member of the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee. And I would also like to commend my colleague in the House, Mr. Bass, who, with the support of House Armed Services Chairman Duncan Hunter, steered identical legislation to unanimous passage in that chamber in the fall of last year. I am pleased to join my colleagues as we recognize the accomplishments of this important figure in our country's military history.

Billy Mitchell joined the Army at age 18 in 1898. As he quickly rose in rank, he began to realize the incredible potential for air power in establishing military superiority. After World War I, Billy Mitchell became a brigadier general and deputy commander of the Air Service, and in this position he began pressing senior military officials and the White House for increased funding for the development of a formidable air force. In fact, he conducted a test for senior Army and Navy officials in the Chesapeake Bay in 1921 that bolstered his contention that air power represented the future of combat, while embarrassing many naysayers.

Although Billy Mitchell was long on vision and foresight, he was short on tact. After the 1921 test, his relationship with his superiors deteriorated as his very public battle for Air Service funding had taken an increasingly bitter tone, and after an accident that took the lives of Navy sailors, Mitchell accused senior military leaders of ``almost treasonable administration of the national defense.'' He was court-martialed for insubordination, found guilty, sentenced to 5 years loss of pay, and demoted to the rank of colonel. Yet to the surprise of no one, Billy Mitchell continued to be a strong and effective voice in support of air power after resigning his commission in 1926 until his untimely death 10 years later.

Billy Mitchell sacrificed his career to help change the way our country defends itself and projects military force across the globe to protect and preserve freedom. We have seen over time--most recently during the war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq--how important air power is in achieving our military objectives. Mitchell's prognostications many years ago about the future of air power has been proven correct many times over, and it is now time for our nation to recognize the enormous contribution Billy Mitchell has made to the citizens and soldiers of the United States of America. I urge my colleagues to support this bill to finally give the late Billy Mitchell the rank of major general, United States Army.