Clean Trucks Act of 2004

Mr. President, in 1996, over eight years ago, the Senate passed without opposition the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) to make the Regulatory Flexibility Act more effective in curtailing the impact of regulations on small businesses. One of the most important provisions of SBREFA is a requirement that agencies produce compliance assistance materials to help small businesses meet the requirements of their regulations. Unfortunately, over the years, agencies have done a poor job of meeting this requirement. Consequently, small businesses have been forced to figure out on their own how to comply with these regulations. This makes compliance that much more difficult to achieve, and therefore reduces the effectiveness of the regulation.

The GAO found that agencies have ignored this requirement or failed miserably in their attempts to satisfy it. GAO also found that the language of SBREFA is unclear in some places about what is actually required. That is why today I am introducing the Small Business Compliance Assistance Enhancement Act of 2004 to close those loopholes and make it clear that we were serious when we first told agencies we want them to produce quality compliance assistance materials to help small businesses understand how to deal with regulations.

My bill is drawn directly from the GAO recommendations and is intended only to clarify an already existing requirement--not to add anything new. Similarly, the compliance guides that the agencies will produce will be suggestion about how to meet a regulations requirements, not further requirements, or subject to enforcement. Nor does this bill, in any way, interfere or undercut an agency's ability to enforce its regulations to the full extent they currently enjoy. Bad actors must be brought to justice, but if the only trigger for compliance is the threat of enforcement, then agencies will never achieve the impact their regulations must have to be effective.

The key to helping small businesses comply is to provide assistance-- show them what is necessary and how they will be able to tell when they have met their obligations. Too often, small businesses do not maintain the staff, or have the resources to figure out the answers to these questions. This puts them at a disadvantage compared to larger businesses, and reduces the effectiveness of the agency's regulations. SBA's Office of Advocacy has determined that compliance with regulations cost small businesses with less than 20 employees almost $7,000 per employee, compared to almost $4,500 for companies with more than 500 employees. If an agency cannot describe how to comply with its regulation, how can we expect a small business to figure it out? This was the reason the requirement to provide compliance assistance was included in SBREFA originally, and this reason is just as valid today as it was in 1996.

Specifically, my bill would do the following: Clarify when a guide is required: To clarify when an agency must prepare a compliance guide section 212 of SBREFA would be amended to require a guide whenever the agency does not certify the rule under section 605(b) of title 5, United States Code (i.e. whenever an agency determines that a rule will have ``a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities''). This would avoid confusion about whether the agency should produce a compliance guide when the agency produces a Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis voluntarily (i.e. even though the agency certified that the regulation would not have ``a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities'').

Clarify how a guide shall be designated: Section 212 currently says that agencies must ``designate'' the publications prepared under the section as small entity compliance guides. However, the form in which those designations should occur is not clear. This term would be changed to ``entitle.'' Consistent use of the phrase ``Small Entity Compliance Guide'' in the title could make it easier for small entities to locate the guides that the agencies develop. This would also aid in using online searches--a technology that was not widely used when SBREFA was passed. Thus, agencies

would be directed to publish guides entitled ``Small Entity Compliance Guide.''

Clarify how a guide shall be published: Section 212 currently says agencies ``shall publish'' the guides, but does not indicate where or how they should be published. At least one agency has published the guides as part of the preamble to the subject rule, thereby requiring affected small entities to read the Federal Register to obtain the guides. Agencies would be directed, at a minimum, to make their compliance guides available through their websites in an easily accessed way. In addition, agencies would be directed to forward their compliance guides to known industry contacts such as small businesses or associations with small business members that will be affected by the regulation.

Clarify when a guide shall be published: Section 212 does not indicate when the compliance guides should be published. This means that even if an agency was required to produce a compliance guide, they can claim that they have not violated that requirement since there is no deadline established for when they had to produce that guide. Agencies would be instructed to publish the compliance guides coincident with, or as soon as possible after, the final rule is published, provided that the guides must be published no later than the effective date of the rule's compliance requirements.

Clarify the term ``compliance requirements'': The term ``compliance requirements'' also needs to be clarified. At a minimum, this term means what a small business has to do to satisfy the regulation, and when they will know they have met these requirements. This should include a description of the procedures a small business might use to meet the requirements. If, as is the case with many OSHA and EPA regulations, testing is required, the agency should explain how that testing would be conducted. The bill makes clear that the procedural description should be merely suggestive--an agency would not be able to enforce this procedure if a small business was able to satisfy the requirements through a different approach.

It is time we got serious about making sure small businesses have the assistance they need to deal with the maze of federal regulations we expect them to handle on a daily basis. The Small Business Compliance Assistance Enhancement Act will make a significant contribution to that effort.

I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record.

Mr. President, I rise today to introduce the Angel Island Immigration Station Restoration and Preservation Act, with Senator Boxer as cosponsor.

This legislation authorizes the use of up to $15 million in Federal funds for ongoing efforts to restore the Angel Island Immigration Station located on Angel Island within the San Francisco Bay.

I offer this as companion legislation to H.R. 4469 which has been introduced by Congresswoman Lynn Woolsey and to date has 45 cosponsors. Last week this bill was reported out of the House Resources Committee by unanimous consent.

The Angel Island Immigration Station is an important piece of American

history, especially to our Nation's Asian American and immigrant communities.

In the mid 19th Century millions of people, including ancestors of my own staff, came to America in pursuit of the American dream. Most people are familiar with Ellis Island and the stories of immigrants coming to America and seeing the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor, but often forgotten are the experiences of those who made it to America by way of Angel Island. Just like those who came to New York City, there are many stories of triumph and tribulation associated with Angel Island.

However, for the Chinese and those from other Asian countries the story goes a bit further.

The economic downturn in the 1870s brought political pressures to deal with the increasing population of Chinese who were coming through the Golden Gate in search of a better life. Amongst the harshest of measures taken was the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

The passage of this law and its subsequent implementation led to the creation of a national system to regulate the immigration of the Chinese.

Part of this process included opening the Angel Island Immigration Station in 1910 on Angel Island. The purpose of this new facility was to isolate Chinese immigrants from the City of San Francisco and the rest of the Bay Area.

After a difficult journey across the Pacific Ocean, potential immigrants were brought to the Station where they faced separation from their family, embarrassing medical examinations, grueling interrogations and long detainments that lasted months, even years, in living conditions that were considered deplorable.

Testaments to these experiences can be found today on the wooden walls of the barracks. Many of the detainees told their stories through poems that they carved on the barrack walls.

Using allegories and historical references, they described their aspirations for coming to America as well as expressed their anger and sadness at the treatment they received.

Concerns about the safety of the Station were realized when part of the Administration Building burned down in 1940 and all those being held were moved to a mainland facility.

Three years later Congress repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act. For the next 20 years the Station remained mostly unused except for a short term during World War II, when it was used as a prisoner of war camp.

In 1963, Angel Island became a State park and the California Department of Parks and Recreation assumed stewardship of the Immigration Station.

In 1997, the Station was a declared a National Historic Landmark and in 1999, Save America's Treasures named the Angel Island Immigration Station one of its Official Projects and provided $500,000 for the preservation of poems carved into the walls.

The Station is supported by the people of California as well as numerous private interests. The voters of California voted in 2000 to set aside $15 million for restoration of the Station through Proposition 12 and in addition approximately $1.1 million in private funds has been raised so far.

The amount authorized by this bill and the committed State resources will raise about half the amount needed to restore the Station. The remaining money will be raised through private means making this a true public-private partnership.

Today, approximately 200,000 visits are made each year to Angel Island by ferry from San Francisco, Tiburon and Alameda. In addition, 60,000 visits are made to the Immigration Station, about half of which are students are on guided tours.

The resources secured so far have set in motion designing and planning efforts to restore the Station.

The bill I am introducing today will allow the State park to accept Federal funding to complete the restoration of the Angel Island Immigration Station, so that the stories of immigration on Angel Island will be preserved for future generations.

Mr. President, by now everyone is well aware of the destruction Florida has endured over the past 45 days. First, Tropical Storm Bonnie struck the panhandle. Then Hurricane Charley crashed into Florida's west coast. That was followed by Hurricane Frances, which wreaked havoc throughout the State. And last week Hurricane Ivan tore through the panhandle. As a result of these storms, today 61 of the State's 67 counties have been declared disaster areas.

Floridians are grateful for the Senate's quick action in providing the initial $2 billion in relief funds. They also look forward to the Senate's quick consideration of the President's supplemental request for additional assistance. As important as this Federal assistance is, however, it represents only a fraction of the money needed for Florida's families to rebuild.

The Insurance Information Institute estimates that insurance companies will pay out more than the $15.5 billion in insurance claims paid as a result of Hurricane Andrew. Of course, that amount is not the entirety of losses

Floridians have suffered. In fact, as a result of the magnitude of the claims incurred from Hurricane Andrew Floridians will be responsible for a larger share of the losses from these storms than they incurred in 1992.

Many Floridians will face thousands of dollars in out-of-pocket costs as a result of these storms. Those families with money in a retirement account, e.g. 401(k) or IRA, are quite likely to be forced to look to that money to rebuild their homes and their lives. Doing so, however, will come at a significant cost. First, any funds withdrawn are subject to the income tax. That's appropriate, since these funds have not been taxed previously.

In addition to the income tax due on these withdrawals, taxpayers under age 59\1/2\ will face a 10 percent penalty for early withdrawal. Under normal circumstances this penalty serves a very worthwhile purpose. It encourages workers to leave funds in their retirement accounts for their intended purposes. The situation in Florida is far from normal, however, and in this instance the penalty serves as a ``ransom'' imposed by the Federal government on workers access to funds in times of desperation.

The bill I am introducing today with Senator Nelson is a small but important step that we can take to help Floridians help themselves. It waives the 10 percent penalty for families that have suffered a loss as a result of a disaster. Although it was inspired by the storms that have ravaged our State, it is not exclusive to the victims of these storms.

The penalty waiver is available to any taxpayer who suffered a loss as a result of a major disaster declared under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act. To qualify for this relief the taxpayer must have sustained a loss that has not been compensated by insurance or otherwise. The bill also gives taxpayers a five-year window within which they can reinvest these funds for their retirement.

Mr. President, I rise today to introduce, along with Senator Mikulski, a bill that would designate Poland as a program country under the visa waiver program under section 217 of the Immigration Nationality Act.

As our soldiers preserve America's beliefs and values which have been threatened by terrorists at home and abroad, it is important to appreciate the sacrifices our allies have made during the War on Terror. America must continue to solidify the bond with its allies by assisting their government and citizens when possible. This legislation brings us closer to a country that has been by our side through a time of war and continues to be a partner in the fight for global freedom.

Since the founding of the United States, Poland has proven its steadfast dedication to the causes of freedom and friendship with the United States. This has been exemplified by the brave actions of Polish patriots such as Casimir Pulaski and Tadeusz Kosciuszco during the American Revolution. Polish history provides pioneering examples of democracy and religious tolerance, and this is reflected in their constitution that states, ``Freedom of faith and religion shall be ensured to everyone.''

Poland's revolt from the Soviet Union's communist stranglehold is a more recent example of their dedication to freedom. They are a prime example of Ronald Reagan's vision to end the Cold War. As I met this morning with Lech Walesa, the tenacious leader of Poland's Solidarity movement and former President of Poland, I was reminded of the hard and inspiring struggle the country endured to bring democracy to their people.

And their commitment to preserving freedom and global security continues today. On March 12, 1999, Poland became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. This was followed by admission into the European Union on May 1, 2004. Poland was a staunch ally to the United States in Operation Iraqi Freedom and has committed 2,300 troops to help with the ongoing peace efforts in Iraq.

In addition to Poland's efforts as a global ally, its people have contributed greatly within our borders. Nearly 9 million people of Polish ancestry live in the United States. Polish immigrants have been a contributing factor to the success of industry and agriculture in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States.

Currently, the United States administers the visa waiver program to citizens of 27 countries. The program allows citizens from visa waiver program countries to visit-the United States as tourists, and Poland has earned the right to participate. For the 100,000 Polish citizens that visit the United States annually, I ask through this legislation that Poland be deemed a designated program country for the purposes of the visa waiver program. I thank my colleagues for their support.

Madam President, today I am introducing legislation to protect communities from pollution

emitted by heavy-duty diesel trucks. I am pleased to be joined in this effort by Senators Feinstein and Jeffords. The Clean Trucks Act will require all trucks operating within the United States to comply with Federal clean air requirements. It will also require the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to collect and provide information on long-haul heavy-duty truck travel and fuel consumption to the United States Environmental Protection Agency to enable the EPA to estimate emissions.

More than 130 million Americans continue to breathe dirty, unhealthy air. The Los Angeles and San Joaquin Valley air basins have the highest levels of ozone, or smog, pollution in the Nation, and are among the most polluted from particulate matter, or soot. Many other areas of California also face severe air quality threats, including the Imperial Valley as well as Riverside, Sacramento, and Ventura Counties.

According to the California Air Resources Board, almost 59 percent of California's pollution is from mobile sources. Although overall mobile source emissions have decreased since 1975, the percentage contributed by diesel vehicles has increased. In California, heavy-duty diesel trucks account for 4 percent of vehicle traffic, but cause 40 percent of all nitrogen oxide emissions, which is a cause of smog. Emissions from diesel-fueled engines include over 40 other cancer causing substances, particulate matter, and ozone-forming pollutants.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, hazardous pollutants in the air increase the risk of cancer--and 78 percent of that increased risk is due to diesel exhaust. Individuals are also at greater risk of developing asthma, respiratory conditions, and cardiovascular disease.

Pursuant to the NAFTA and a recent Supreme Court decision, the United States will begin allowing foreign heavy-duty diesel truck to operate freely within the United States. But, under current law, those trucks will not be required to meet Federal or state air quality standards. This will only make the air quality problem and the health risk worse.

The Clean Trucks Act is a reasonable measure to protect our communities as millions of foreign trucks are added to our highways. It simply says that all trucks, foreign and domestic, must meet the same emissions standards. I urge my colleagues to cosponsor this measure.