Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H. Res. 47, supporting the goals and ideals of Peace Officers Memorial Day. Each year, the President issues a…
Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H. Res. 47, supporting the goals and ideals of Peace Officers Memorial Day. Each year, the President issues a proclamation naming May the 15th as National Peace Officers Memorial Day. I decided to introduce this piece of legislation again because I believe that Congress should pay the tribute to the brave men and women who proudly serve us as law enforcement officers.
Americans have been protected by peace officers for now 217 years, and it all goes back to the early settlers in Boston that established a program called ``night watch'' to safeguard their citizens.
Not a day goes by that law enforcement officers do not face danger in their mission to keep us safe from crime, acts of violence and now terrorism. On May 17, 1792, New York City's Deputy Sheriff Isaac Smith, became the first recorded peace officer to be killed in the line of duty. Since that time, 18,340 peace officers have been killed while on the job. Each year, over 50,000 police officers are assaulted, and in 2008, 140 of these brave officers were killed protecting their fellow Americans. Of these 140 officers, 10 percent, 14, are from my home State of Texas.
A quote by President George H.W. Bush is engraved on the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial located in Washington, DC that summarizes the mission of the 900,000 current sworn peace officers in this country. It states that it is an officer's ``continuing quest to preserve both democracy and decency and to protect a national treasure that we call the American dream.'' It is clear this quest is worthy of the respect that our citizens show for their peace officers.
In paying homage to these fallen heroes, we are once again reminded that in 1961 Congress created Peace Officers Memorial Day and designated it to be commemorated each year on May 15th. This yearly tribute to peace officers provides each of us with an opportunity to honor those who lost their lives while protecting the citizens of this country.
Thousands of visitors pay respect to our peace officers at the National Law Enforcement Memorial on May 15th. On May 15th of this year, a flag will be flown at half staff, as it always is on that date, to show respect and gratitude for the fallen peace officers who have made the ultimate sacrifice for our citizens.
We appreciate with gratitude all of the peace officers for their dedication and their sacrifice. During my 20 years as a judge in Texas, I had the absolute privilege of working alongside some of America's finest peace officers. Some of those have been killed in the line of duty. Now, as founder and cochair of the Congressional Victims Rights Caucus, I recognize that unfortunately peace officers are too victims, as many citizens are.
And they are actually, Mr. Speaker, the last strand of wire in the fence between the law and those that violate the law. I'm grateful for the brave and selfless service of this Nation's peace officers.
With that, I ask all Members to join me in support of H. Res. 47.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
I would like to recognize two gentlemen that not too long ago in this Capitol, the People's House, on July 28, 1998, Jacob Chestnut and John Michael Gibson, Capitol police officers, while we were having a memorial ceremony here in the Rotunda, these two officers protected the lives of other Members of the House of Representatives, and because of that, both of them were killed in the line of duty. So they are two of many peace officers that gave up their lives for the rest of us.
I mentioned that there were 14 peace officers from the State of Texas that were killed last year. Mr. Speaker. They are:
Deputy Constable David Joubert from the Harris County Constable's Office.
Police Officer Matthew Thebeau from the Corpus Christi Police Department.
Corporal Harry Thielepap from the Harris County Constable's Office.
Senior Corporal Victor Lozada, Sr. from the Dallas Police Department.
State Trooper James Burns from the Highway Patrol in Huntsville, Texas.
Police Officer Everett Dennis from the Carthage Police Department.
Sergeant Barbara Shumate from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
Police Officer Gary Gryder, a personal friend of mine. He served in the Houston Police Department.
Detective Tommy Keen, Harris County Sheriff's Department.
Game Warden George Whatley, Jr. from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Division.
Sheriff Brent Lee of the Trinity County Sheriff's Department.
Police Officer Robert Davis from the San Antonio Police Department.
Police Officer Timothy Abernethy from the Houston Police Department.
Police Officer Mark Simmons from the Amarillo Police Department.
I would like to include at this time the names of all 140 peace officers killed last year in the line of duty.
Corporal Courtney G. Brooks, Maryland Transportation
Authority Police Department, MD, EOW: Tuesday, January 1,
2008, Cause of Death: Vehicular assault.
Deputy Sheriff Jason S. Zunker, Chippewa County Sheriff's
Department, WI, EOW: Saturday, January 5, 2008, Cause of
Death: Struck by vehicle.
Detective James Walker, Miami Police Department, FL, EOW:
Tuesday, January 8, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Deputy Sheriff Sean Pursifull, Bell County Sheriff's
Department, KY, EOW: Thursday, January 10, 2008, Cause of
Death: Vehicular assault.
Deputy Constable David Joubert, Harris County Constable's
Office--Precinct 7, TX, EOW: Sunday, January 13, 2008, Cause
of Death: Motorcycle accident.
Police Officer Ricky Bryant Jr., DeKalb County Police
Department, GA, EOW: Wednesday, January 16, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Police Officer Eric Barker, DeKalb County Police
Department, GA, EOW: Wednesday, January 16, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Detective Jarrod Shivers, Chesapeake Police Department, VA,
EOW: Thursday, January 17, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Senior Border Patrol Agent Luis Alberto Aguilar, United
States Department of Homeland Security--Customs and Border US
(California), EOW: Saturday, January 19, 2008, Cause of
Death: Vehicular assault.
Police Officer Matthew B. Thebeau, Corpus Christi Police
Department, TX, EOW: Sunday, January 20, 2008, Cause of
Death: Automobile accident.
Police Officer Akeem Basil (Teddy) Newton, Virgin Islands
Police Department, VI, EOW: Sunday, January 20, 2008, Cause
of Death: Automobile accident.
Detective Christopher A. Ridley, Mount Vernon Police
Department, NY, EOW: Friday, January 25, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire (Accidental).
Trooper Daniel Roy Barrett, Indiana State Police, IN, EOW:
Sunday, January 27, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Police Officer Nicola Cotton, New Orleans Police
Department, LA, EOW: Monday, January 28, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Lance Corporal James D. Haynes, South Carolina Highway
Patrol, SC, EOW: Friday, February 1, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Sergeant Richard C. LeBow, Arkansas State Police, AR, EOW:
Monday, February 4, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Deputy Sheriff Dustin Duncan, Latimer County Sheriff's
Office, OK, EOW: Monday, February 4, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Sergeant William King Biggs Jr., Kirkwood Police
Department, MO, EOW: Thursday, February 7, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Police Officer Thomas Frederick (Tom) Ballman, Kirkwood
Police Department, MO, EOW: Thursday, February 7, 2008, Cause
of Death: Gunfire.
Police Officer Randal (Randy) Simmons, Los Angeles Police
Department, CA, EOW: Thursday, February 7, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Criminal Investigator Denise Phoenix, United States
Department of the Interior--Bureau of Indian Affairs, US
(Montana),
EOW: Thursday, February 14, 2008, Cause of Death: Exposure to
toxins.
Corporal Harry Thielepape, Harris County Constable's
Office--Precinct 6, TX, EOW: Wednesday, February 20, 2008,
Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Senior Corporal Victor A. Lozada Sr., Dallas Police
Department, TX, EOW: Friday, February 22, 2008, Cause of
Death: Motorcycle accident.
Police Officer Mark Beck, Baton Rouge City Police
Department, LA, EOW: Monday, February 25, 2008, Cause of
Death: Automobile accident.
Trooper Kara M. Kelly-Borgognone, Nevada Highway Patrol,
NV, EOW: Thursday, February 28, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Police Officer Derek Owens, Cleveland Police Department,
OH, EOW: Saturday, March 1, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Special Agent Robert Patrick Flickinger, Chickasaw
Lighthorse Police Department, TR (Oklahoma), EOW: Friday,
March 7, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile accident.
Sergeant Edward (Ned) Thompson, New York City Police
Department, NY, EOW: Sunday, March 9, 2008, Cause of Death:
9/11 related illness.
Police Officer James D. Fezatte, Millbrook Police
Department, AL, EOW: Saturday, March 29, 2008, Cause of
Death: Automobile accident.
Border Patrol Agent Jarod Dittman, United States Department
of Homeland Security--Customs and Border, US (California),
EOW: Sunday, March 30, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Constable Joe Howard, Harlan County Constable's Office, KY,
EOW: Tuesday, April 1, 2008, Cause of Death: Heart attack.
Correction Officer Kenneth Duncan, New York City Department
of Correction, NY, EOW: Tuesday, April 22, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Trooper James Scott Burns, Texas Department of Public
Safety--Texas Highway Patrol, TX, EOW: Tuesday, April 29,
2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Deputy Sheriff Robert Griffin, Decatur County Sheriff's
Office, GA, EOW: Thursday, May 1, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Senior Investigator Laura J. Cleaves, Santa Barbara County
District Attorney's Office, CA, EOW: Thursday, May 1, 2008,
Cause of Death: Vehicular assault.
Deputy Sheriff William Howell Jr., Orangeburg County
Sheriff's Office, SC, EOW: Saturday, May 3, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Sergeant Stephen Liczbinski, Philadelphia Police
Department, PA, EOW: Saturday, May 3, 2008, Cause of Death:
Gunfire.
Special Agent Aaron Garcia, Union Pacific Railroad Police
Department, RR (California), EOW: Wednesday, May 7, 2008,
Cause of Death: Automobile accident.
Deputy Sheriff James Throne, Kern County Sheriff's
Department, CA, EOW: Friday, May 23, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Deputy Sheriff Michael Sean Thomas, Bibb County Sheriff's
Office, GA, EOW: Sunday, May 25, 2008, Cause of Death:
Motorcycle accident.
Sergeant Leslie (Les) Wilmott, Kiefer Police Department,
OK, EOW: Thursday, May 29, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Lieutenant Michael Avilucea, New Mexico State Police, NM,
EOW: Friday, May 30, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Police Officer Erik David Hite, Tucson Police Department,
AZ, EOW: Monday, June 2, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Police Officer Everett William Dennis, Carthage Police
Department, TX, EOW: Tuesday, June 3, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Transport Officer Virgil Lee Behrens, Marion County
Sheriff's Department, IA, EOW: Tuesday, June 3, 2008, Cause
of Death: Automobile accident.
Deputy Sheriff Anthony Shane Tate, Grundy County Sheriff's
Department, TN, EOW: Thursday, June 5, 2008, Cause of Death:
Gunfire.
Police Officer Todd Bahr, Fredericksburg Police Department,
VA, EOW: Friday, June 6, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Sergeant Barbara Jean Shumate, Texas Department of Criminal
Justice, TX, EOW: Friday, June 13, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Deputy Sheriff Steve Boehm, Onslow County Sheriff's
Department, NC, EOW: Saturday, June 14, 2008, Cause of Death:
Struck by vehicle.
Deputy Sheriff Jose Antonio (Tony) Diaz, Yolo County
Sheriff's Department, CA, EOW: Sunday, June 15, 2008, Cause
of Death: Gunfire.
Trooper David Shawn Blanton Jr., North Carolina Highway
Patrol, NC, EOW: Tuesday, June 17, 2008, Cause of Death:
Gunfire.
Correctional Officer Jose Rivera, United States Department
of Justice--Federal Bureau of Prisons, US (California), EOW:
Friday, June 20, 2008, Cause of Death: Stabbed.
Police Officer Nicholas Heine, Pueblo Police Department,
CO, EOW: Saturday, June 21, 2008, Cause of Death: Heart
attack.
Correctional Officer Donna Fitzgerald, Florida Department
of Corrections, FL, EOW: Wednesday, June 25, 2008, Cause of
Death: Stabbed.
Sergeant Richard Findley, Prince George's County Police
Department, MD, EOW: Friday, June 27, 2008, Cause of Death:
Vehicular assault.
Police Officer Gary Gryder, Houston Police Department, TX,
EOW: Sunday, June 29, 2008, Cause of Death: Vehicular
assault.
Police Officer Richard Francis, Chicago Police Department,
IL, EOW: Wednesday, July 2, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Police Officer Kenneth (Greg) Surles, Pell City Police
Department, AL, EOW: Friday, July 4, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Agent Osvaldo Perez-Leon, Puerto Rico Police Department,
PR, EOW: Tuesday, July 8, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Police Officer Joshua T. Miktarian, Twinsburg Police
Department, OH, EOW: Sunday, July 13, 2008, Cause of Death:
Gunfire.
Police Officer Andrew Widman, Fort Myers Police Department,
FL, EOW: Friday, July 18, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Deputy Sheriff Anthony Forgione, Okaloosa County Sheriff's
Office, FL, EOW: Tuesday, July 22, 2008, Cause of Death:
Gunfire.
Police Officer Aldo Rossi, Port Dickinson Police
Department, NY, EOW: Sunday, July 27, 2008, Cause of Death:
Vehicular assault.
Trooper Shawn W. Snow, New York State Police, NY, EOW:
Sunday, August 3, 2008, Cause of Death: Electrocuted.
Detective Sandra Joyce Bullock, Bushnell Police Department,
FL, EOW: Tuesday, August 5, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Deputy Sheriff Dennis Compton, Colleton County Sheriff's
Office, SC, EOW: Wednesday, August 6, 2008, Cause of Death:
Gunfire.
Officer Monte Ruby, CoxHealth Department of Public Safety,
MO, EOW: Wednesday, August 6, 2008, Cause of Death: Assault.
Agent Orlando Gonzalez-Ortiz, Puerto Rico Police
Department, PR, EOW: Thursday, August 7, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire (Accidental).
Detective Michael Smith Phillips, Virginia Beach Police
Department, VA, EOW: Thursday, August 7, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Deputy Probation Officer Irene Beatrice Rios, Imperial
County Probation Department, CA, EOW: Wednesday, August 13,
2008, Cause of Death: Automobile accident.
Lieutenant Robert Curry, Gulfport Police Department, MS.
EOW: Thursday, August 14, 2008, Cause of Death: Motorcycle
accident.
Deputy Sheriff Martha Woods Shareef, Lafourche Parish
Sheriff's Department, LA, EOW: Wednesday, August 20, 2008,
Cause of Death: Vehicular assault.
Ordinance Officer Kathy Ann Cox, Gordon County Sheriff's
Office, GA, EOW: Thursday, August 21, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Police Officer Thomas Raji, Perth Amboy Police Department,
NJ, EOW: Friday, August 22, 2008, Cause of Death: Vehicular
assault.
Police Officer Melvin Dyer, Duxbury Police Department, MA,
EOW: Monday, August 25, 2008, Cause of Death: Struck by
vehicle.
Police Officer Timothy A. Haley, Columbus Division of
Police, OH, EOW: Tuesday, August 26, 2008, Cause of Death:
Duty related illness.
Trooper Evan F. Schneider, Montana Highway Patrol, MT, EOW:
Tuesday, August 26, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Deputy Sheriff Anne Jackson, Skagit County Sheriff's
Office, WA, EOW: Tuesday, September 2, 2008, Cause of Death:
Gunfire.
Officer Christopher Kane, Jacksonville Sheriff's Office,
FL, EOW: Thursday, September 4, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Police Officer Isabel Nazario, Philadelphia Police
Department, PA, EOW: Friday, September 5, 2008, Cause of
Death: Vehicular assault.
Police Officer Kenneth Santucci, Belleville Police
Department, NJ, EOW: Saturday, September 6, 2008, Cause of
Death: Automobile accident.
Deputy Sheriff Marty M. Martin, Franklin County Sheriff's
Department, OH, EOW: Saturday, September 6, 2008, Cause of
Death: Automobile accident.
Sergeant Paul Starzyk, Martinez Police Department, CA, EOW:
Saturday, September 6, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Trooper Andrew Stocks, North Carolina Highway Patrol, NC,
EOW: Tuesday, September 9, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Sergeant Dario Aponte, New Haven Police Department, CT,
EOW: Wednesday, September 10, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Police Officer Grant Jansen, St. Charles Police Department,
MO, EOW: Wednesday, September 10, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Police Officer III Spree Desha, Los Angeles Police
Department, CA, EOW: Friday, September 12, 2008, Cause of
Death: Train accident.
Sergeant Michael C. Weigand Jr., Latimore Township Police
Department, PA, EOW: Sunday, September 14, 2008, Cause of
Death: Motorcycle accident.
Detective Tommy Keen, Harris County Sheriff's Department,
TX, EOW: Monday, September 15, 2008, Cause of Death:
Accidental.
Deputy Sheriff Adam William Klutz, Caldwell County
Sheriff's Office, NC, EOW: Friday, September 19, 2008, Cause
of Death: Gunfire.
Officer Kristine Fairbanks, United States Department of
Agriculture--Forest Service Law Enforcement, US (Washington),
EOW: Saturday, September 20, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Sergeant Patrick McDonald, Philadelphia Police Department,
PA, EOW: Tuesday, September 23, 2008, Cause of Death:
Gunfire.
Police Officer Nathaniel Taylor Jr., Chicago Police
Department, IL, EOW: Sunday, September 28, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Trooper First Class Mickey C. Lippy, Maryland State Police,
MD, EOW: Sunday, September 28, 2008, cause of Death: Aircraft
accident.
Pilot Stephen H. Bunker, Maryland State Police, MD, EOW:
Sunday, September 28, 2008, Cause of Death: Aircraft
accident.
Sergeant Robert Douglas, Oklahoma City Police Department,
OK, EOW: Sunday, September 28, 2008, Cause of Death:
Motorcycle accident.
Correctional Officer Douglas Falconer, Arizona Department
of Corrections, AZ, EOW: Wednesday, October 1, 2008, Cause of
Death: Heart attack.
Correctional Officer Rodney Kelley, Alabama Department of
Corrections, AL, EOW: Friday, October 3, 2008, Cause of
Death: Automobile accident.
Police Officer Bradley Moody, Richmond Police Department,
CA, EOW: Tuesday, October 7, 2008, Cause of Death: Automobile
accident.
Deputy Sheriff David Gilstrap, Oconee County Sheriff's
Office, GA, EOW: Thursday, October 9, 2008, Cause of Death:
Struck by vehicle.
Game Warden George Harold Whatley Jr., Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department--Law Enforcement Division, TX, EOW:
Friday, October 10, 2008, Cause of Death: Heart attack.
Officer / Paramedic Bruce W. Harrolle, Arizona Department
of Public Safety, AZ, EOW: Monday, October 13, 2008, Cause of
Death: Aircraft accident.
Deputy Sheriff Christopher Yonkers, Barry County Sheriff's
Office, MI, EOW: Friday, October 17, 2008, Cause of Death:
Motorcycle accident.
Deputy Sheriff Sarah Irene Haylett-Jones, Monroe County
Sheriff's Office, IN, EOW: Sunday, October 19, 2008, Cause of
Death: Struck by vehicle.
Second Lieutenant Frank Stecco, Fairfax County Police
Department, VA, EOW: Tuesday, October 21, 2008, Cause of
Death: Drowned.
Police Officer David Tome, Northern York County Regional
Police Department, PA, EOW: Tuesday, October 21, 2008, Cause
of Death: Struck by vehicle.
Police Officer Richard Bremer, Frederick City Police
Department, MD, EOW: Thursday, October 23, 2008, Cause of
Death: Vehicle pursuit.
Deputy Sheriff Randy Hamson, Los Angeles County Sheriff's
Department, CA, EOW: Friday, October 24, 2008, Cause of
Death: Struck by vehicle.
Police Officer Shane Figueroa, Phoenix Police Department,
AZ, EOW: Saturday, October 25, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Sergeant Michael King, University City Police Department,
MO, EOW: Friday, October 31, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Police Officer Frank P. Russo, Schaumburg Police
Department, IL, EOW: Saturday, November 1, 2008, Cause of
Death: Heart attack.
Detective Joseph Airhart Jr., Chicago Police Department,
IL, EOW: Tuesday, November 4, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Police Officer Nathaniel Burnfield, South Strabane Township
Police Department, PA, EOW: Tuesday, November 4, 2008, Cause
of Death: Struck by vehicle.
Police Officer Charles Skinner, North Salt Lake Police
Department, UT, EOW: Friday, November 7, 2008, Cause of
Death: Vehicle pursuit.
Deputy Sheriff Lawrence Canfield, Sacramento County
Sheriff's Department, CA, EOW: Wednesday, November 12, 2008,
Cause of Death: Motorcycle accident.
Sergeant Monty Carmikle, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission,
AR, EOW: Sunday, November 16, 2008, Cause of Death: Aircraft
accident.
Sergeant Timothy Simpson, Philadelphia Police Department,
PA, EOW: Monday, November 17, 2008, Cause of Death: Vehicular
assault.
Special Agent Samuel Hicks, United States Department of
Justice--Federal Bureau of Investigation, US (Pennsylvania),
EOW: Wednesday, November 19, 2008, Cause of Death: Gunfire.
Police Officer Alex Del Rio, Hollywood Police Department,
FL, EOW: Saturday, November 22, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Deputy Sheriff Nick Pham, Monroe County Sheriff's Office,
FL, EOW: Wednesday, November 26, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Sheriff Brent Lee, Trinity County Sheriff's Department, TX,
EOW: Thursday, November 27, 2008, Cause of Death: Vehicle
pursuit.
Reserve Officer Curtis Jones, New Orleans Police
Department, LA, EOW: Saturday, November 29, 2008, Cause of
Death: Automobile accident.
Police Officer Robert Davis, San Antonio Police Department,
TX, EOW: Monday, December 1, 2008, Cause of Death: Struck by
vehicle.
Police Officer Timothy Abernethy, Houston Police
Department, TX, EOW: Sunday, December 7, 2008, Cause of
Death: Gunfire.
Deputy Sheriff Brian Denning, Sumner County Sheriff's
Department, TN, EOW: Monday, December 8, 2008, Cause of
Death: Automobile accident.
Senior Trooper William Hakim, Oregon State Police, OR, EOW:
Friday, December 12, 2008, Cause of Death: Bomb.
Captain Tom Tennant, Woodburn Police Department, OR, EOW:
Friday, December 12, 2008, Cause of Death: Bomb.
Officer Joseph Sanders, California Highway Patrol, CA, EOW:
Monday, December 15, 2008, Cause of Death: Struck by vehicle.
Police Officer Mark Simmons, Amarillo Police Department,
TX, EOW: Wednesday, December 17, 2008, Cause of Death:
Automobile accident.
Deputy Sheriff Jeremy Keith Carter, Evangeline Parish
Sheriff's Department, LA, EOW: Friday, December 19, 2008,
Cause of Death: Duty related illness.
I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.