H.R. 583House116th Congress (2019-2021)Enacted

PIRATE Act

Sponsored by Paul TonkoRep. Paul Tonko (D-NY)
Introduced January 16, 2019

AI-Generated Summary

Updated April 14, 2026 at 12:45 AM UTC

The PIRATE Act adds a new section to the Communications Act that sharply raises penalties for people who operate unlicensed (pirate) radio stations. It requires the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to report each year on enforcement, to run yearly “sweeps” to locate and shut down pirate stations in the biggest markets, and to publish a public database of all licensed stations and known unlicensed operators. The bill also makes sure state and local laws against pirate radio remain in force.

Key Provisions

  • Maximum fine of $2 million for anyone who willfully conducts pirate radio broadcasting.
  • Additional daily fine of up to $100,000 for each day a violation of the Act, FCC rules, or related international treaties continues.
  • The FCC must submit an annual report to the relevant House and Senate committees on enforcement activities.
  • The FCC must conduct at least one annual enforcement sweep in the top five radio markets with the most pirate activity, followed by a monitoring sweep within six months.
  • State and local anti‑pirate radio laws cannot be overridden by the FCC.
  • The FCC must change its rules so that, for violations, it can issue a notice of apparent liability without first sending a notice of unlicensed operation.
  • The FCC must create and update a publicly accessible database, every six months, listing all licensed AM/FM stations and any entities that have received enforcement actions for unlicensed broadcasting.
  • Defines “pirate radio broadcasting” as transmissions on AM (535‑1705 kHz) or FM (87.7‑108 MHz) frequencies without a license, excluding low‑power devices allowed under Part 15.

Legislative Activity

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15 earlier actions
Became Law Latest Action

Became Public Law No: 116-109.

January 24, 2020

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HouseIntro Referral

Introduced in House

January 16, 2019

HouseIntro Referral

Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

January 16, 2019

HouseCommittee

Referred to the Subcommittee on Communications and Technology.

January 25, 2019

HouseFloor

Mr. Tonko moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill.

February 25, 2019 • 4:30 PM

HouseFloor

Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H2050-2052)

February 25, 2019 • 4:30 PM

HouseFloor

DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 583.

February 25, 2019 • 4:30 PM

HouseFloor

Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote.(text: CR H2050)

February 25, 2019 • 4:38 PM

HouseFloor

On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H2050)

February 25, 2019 • 4:38 PM

HouseFloor

Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

February 25, 2019 • 4:38 PM

SenateIntro Referral

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

February 26, 2019

SenateCommittee

Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation discharged by Unanimous Consent.

January 8, 2020

SenateFloor

Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S84)

January 8, 2020

SenateFloor

Message on Senate action sent to the House.

January 9, 2020

President

Presented to President.

January 14, 2020

Became Law

Signed by President.

January 24, 2020

Became Law

Became Public Law No: 116-109.

January 24, 2020

Floor Debate

4 members

What members said about H.R. 583 on the floor

3 Republicans1 Democrat
Paul Tonko
Rep. Paul TonkoD-NY-20 · Feb 25, 2019

Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 583) to amend the Communications Act of 1934 to provide for enhanced penalties for pirate radio, and for other purposes. Mr. Speaker,…

Greg Walden
Rep. Greg WaldenR-OR-2 · Feb 25, 2019

Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 583, the Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement (PIRATE) Act, introduced by Reps. Paul Tonko and Gus Bilirakis. I want to thank Rep. Chris…

Robert E. Latta
Rep. Robert E. LattaR-OH-5 · Feb 25, 2019

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I also rise in support of H.R. 583, the Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act, the PIRATE Act, introduced by my…

Tim Walberg
Rep. Tim WalbergR-MI-7 · Feb 25, 2019

Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 583, the PIRATE Act, led by Chairman Tonko and Representative Bilirakis. The bipartisan bill takes an important step to protect the vital public safety…

Bill Text

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Enrolled BillPublication date not provided

One Hundred Sixteenth Congress of the United States of America

At the Second Session

Begun and held at the City of Washington on Friday, the third day of January, two thousand and twenty

H. R. 583

AN ACT

To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to provide for enhanced penalties for pirate radio, and for other purposes.

1.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act or the PIRATE Act.

2.

Pirate Radio Enforcement Enhancements

Title V of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 501 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

511.

Enhanced penalties for pirate radio broadcasting; enforcement sweeps; reporting

(a)

Increased general penalty

Any person who willfully and knowingly does or causes or suffers to be done any pirate radio broadcasting shall be subject to a fine of not more than $2,000,000.

(b)

Violation of this Act, rules, or regulations

Any person who willfully and knowingly violates this Act or any rule, regulation, restriction, or condition made or imposed by the Commission under authority of this Act, or any rule, regulation, restriction, or condition made or imposed by any international radio or wire communications treaty or convention, or regulations annexed thereto, to which the United States is party, relating to pirate radio broadcasting shall, in addition to any other penalties provided by law, be subject to a fine of not more than $100,000 for each day during which such offense occurs, in accordance with the limit described in subsection (a).

(c)

Annual report

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the PIRATE Act, and annually thereafter, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report summarizing the implementation of this section and associated enforcement activities for the previous fiscal year, which may include the efforts by the Commission to enlist the cooperation of Federal, State, and local law enforcement personnel (including United States attorneys and the United States Marshals Service) for service of process, collection of fines or forfeitures, seizures of equipment, and enforcement of orders.

(d)

Enforcement sweeps

(1)

Annual sweeps

Not less than once each year, the Commission shall assign appropriate enforcement personnel to focus specific and sustained attention on the elimination of pirate radio broadcasting within the top 5 radio markets identified as prevalent for such broadcasts. Such effort shall include identifying, locating, and taking enforcement actions designed to terminate such operations.

(2)

Additional monitoring

Within 6 months after conducting the enforcement sweeps required by paragraph (1), the Commission shall conduct monitoring sweeps to ascertain whether the pirate radio broadcasting identified by enforcement sweeps is continuing to broadcast and whether additional pirate radio broadcasting is occurring.

(3)

No effect on remaining enforcement

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commission shall not decrease or diminish the regular enforcement efforts targeted to pirate radio broadcast stations for other times of the year.

(e)

State and local government authority

The Commission may not preempt any State or local law prohibiting pirate radio broadcasting.

(f)

Revision of Commission rules required

The Commission shall revise its rules to require that, absent good cause, in any case alleging a violation of subsection (a) or (b), the Commission shall proceed directly to issue a notice of apparent liability without first issuing a notice of unlicensed operation.

(g)

Pirate radio broadcasting database

(1)

In general

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, and semi-annually thereafter, the Commission shall publish a database in a clear and legible format of all licensed radio stations operating in the AM and FM bands. The database shall be easily accessible from the Commission home page through a direct link. The database shall include the following information:

(A)

Each licensed station, listed by the assigned frequency, channel number, or Commission call letters.

(B)

All entities that have received a notice of unlicensed operation, notice of apparent liability, or forfeiture order issued by the Commission.

(2)

Clear identification

The Commission shall clearly identify in the database—

(A)

each licensed station as a station licensed by the Commission; and

(B)

each entity described in paragraph (1)(B) as operating without a Commission license or authorization.

(h)

Definition of pirate radio broadcasting

In this section, the term pirate radio broadcasting means the transmission of communications on spectrum frequencies between 535 and 1705 kilohertz, inclusive, or 87.7 and 108 megahertz, inclusive, without a license issued by the Commission, but does not include unlicensed operations in compliance with part 15 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations.

.

Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.