H.J.Res. 1House118th Congress (2023-2025)In Committee

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

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Updated January 20, 2026 at 2:01 AM UTC

The joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment that would fix the size of the United States Supreme Court at nine members—one chief justice and eight associate justices. If ratified by three‑quarters of the states, the amendment would become part of the Constitution and govern the Court’s composition going forward.

Key Provisions

Sets the number of Supreme Court justices at nine (one chief justice and eight associate justices).

Legislative Activity

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1 earlier action

HouseIntro Referral Latest Action

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Judiciary Committee

January 9, 2023

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HouseIntro Referral

Introduced in House

January 9, 2023

HouseIntro Referral

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Judiciary Committee

January 9, 2023

Bill Text

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Introduced in HouseIssued January 9, 2023

118th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. J. RES. 1

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

January 9, 2023

Mr. Biggs submitted the following joint resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

JOINT RESOLUTION

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification:

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The Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of nine justices consisting of one chief justice and eight associate justices.