H.R. 6477House118th Congress (2023-2025)In Committee

To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to reform the process for inspection of applicants for admission.

AI-Generated Summary

Updated January 20, 2026 at 1:12 PM UTC

The bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to change how immigration officers inspect applicants and to tighten parole rules. It adds a mandatory return provision for certain aliens to a foreign territory contiguous to the United States when detention or removal is not possible, and lets states sue the Department of Homeland Security for enforcement failures. The legislation also revises immigration parole to be granted only case‑by‑case for urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit, with new limits and reporting requirements.

Key Provisions

Modifies inspection rules in INA §235, removing some parole eligibility and adding a mandatory return to contiguous foreign territory when DHS cannot detain or remove an alien.
Allows state attorneys general to bring lawsuits against DHS for violations of detention, return, or removal requirements.
Gives DHS authority to temporarily prohibit entry of inadmissible aliens at land or maritime borders for operational control purposes.
Overhauls immigration parole (INA §212(d)(5)) to require case‑by‑case grants for urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit, defines those reasons, limits parole duration to one year (extendable), restricts employment, and bars adjustment of status for certain parolees.
Requires DHS to submit an annual public report to Congress detailing the number, type, duration, and status of all paroled aliens.
Sets implementation dates, preserving parole applications filed before enactment, and includes a cause‑of‑action provision for states or individuals harmed financially by non‑compliance.

Legislative Activity

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2 earlier actions

HouseIntro Referral Latest Action

Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR H6733-6734)

December 7, 2023

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HouseIntro Referral

Introduced in House

November 21, 2023

HouseIntro Referral

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Judiciary Committee

November 21, 2023

HouseIntro Referral

Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR H6733-6734)

December 7, 2023

Floor Debate

1 member

What members said about H.R. 6477 on the floor

1 Republican

Rep. Randy K. Weber, Sr.R-TX-14 · Dec 7, 2023

Mr. Speaker, I rise today with a heavy heart to honor the extraordinary life of one Allison Getz, who was a friend, a public servant, and a true Texan who has left a tremendous mark on southeast…

Mr. Speaker, I rise today with a heavy heart to honor the extraordinary life of one Allison Getz, who was a friend, a public servant, and a true Texan who has left a tremendous mark on southeast Texas.

Allison's public service wasn't just a job, Mr. Speaker. It was a calling. From chairing events like the Spindletop Ball to leading organizations such as the Symphony League, Temple Emanuel, and the Fire Museum of Texas, she demonstrated a deep commitment to the betterment of our community.

For the last 9 years, she served as Jefferson County tax assessor- collector. Her innovation and modernization efforts as tax assessor earned her the prestigious title of Tax Assessor of the Year for the entire State of Texas in 2021, and that is no easy task.

I speak for southeast Texas, Mr. Speaker. We are forever indebted to Allison's tireless devotion and dedication. Allison had always said three things when she talked with anyone. She said, ``How can I help? Is there anything you need?'' and she always finished with, ``I appreciate you.''

She was known for her huge heart, her love for her husband, Mike, her parents, children, grandchildren, and, most of all, southeast Texas.

Brenda and I were deeply saddened to learn about her passing on October 10, 2023. Our prayers are with her family during this very difficult time.

As we bid farewell to this remarkable public servant, let's remember Allison Julia Getz with a great deal of gratitude. May her legacy continue to inspire us to continue the work of service and compassion she so fervently championed.

We are grateful for Allison's dedication to community. We will miss her. She will never be forgotten and will always be in our hearts.

Honoring the Life and Legacy of Joseph ``Joe'' Ruta

Mr. Speaker, I also rise to honor the life and legacy of one Joseph ``Joe'' Ruta, who passed away on October 14, 2023, at the age of 96.

Joe Ruta was born on February 25, 1927. He was one of the dwindling members of the Greatest Generation. Like so many others of his time, he actually lied about his age to join the Army during World War II. Joe served in Germany as an ambulance driver at Dachau concentration camp, where he saw firsthand the horrors of the Holocaust.

Upon returning home, he married Victoria Damico and became a truck driver. Vicky and Joe were married for 75 years, Mr. Speaker, having two children, six grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren. One of those grandchildren is my chief of staff, Jeanette Whitener. She is a jewel.

Joe was an avid card player, enjoyed doing puzzles, and especially enjoyed time spent with his family. He was an amazing husband and an amazing father, grandfather, and great-grandfather. He served this country and his family with pride, generosity, and devotion.

Joe will be missed by his family and everyone who knew him. Another from the Greatest Generation is now gone.

Honoring the Life and Legacy of William ``Bill'' Biggs

Mr. Speaker, I rise to honor the life and legacy of William ``Bill'' Ambrose Biggs III, who passed away on November 16, 2023.

Bill Biggs was born in Abilene, Texas, on February 19, 1937. At the age of 11, he and his family, Mr. Speaker, moved to Austin, Texas, where his local adventures would make Tom Sawyer green with envy.

Bill graduated from Austin High School in 1955 and went directly to the University of Texas, where he graduated with a degree in chemistry in the year 1959. He also earned his MBA from Texas in 1961.

Following graduation, Bill went on Active Duty in the United States Army in 1962. During his military career, he earned his Ranger Tab, graduated from the Army War College, and rose to the rank of colonel in the U.S. Army Reserve before retiring in 1988. His final commendation was the Legion of Merit.

Perpetually in motion, after the Army and retiring from his successful business in Pennsylvania, Bill returned to school, earned his J.D., juris doctor, from the St. Mary's School of Law in San Antonio, and graduated in 2020.

He was a tremendous husband, father, grandfather, brother, son, entrepreneur, citizen, soldier, and devoted Texas Longhorn. Bill will be sorely missed by his family and all who knew him.

Bidding Farewell to Bob Harvey

Mr. Speaker, I rise today to bid farewell to a true titan of Texas, a man whose dedication has left an indelible mark on the landscape of the greater Houston region, Bob Harvey, the president and CEO of the Greater Houston Partnership.

Bob is retiring at the end of 2023. Over the past decade, under his steadfast leadership, the Houston metro area has witnessed unprecedented growth and prosperity.

A lifelong Houstonian, Bob dedicated each waking day to championing the city's expansion, working hand in hand with the business community to foster opportunities for every single Houstonian.

The Greater Houston Partnership is so much more than the Chamber of Commerce for one of America's great cities. Under Bob's guidance, the partnership became a beacon for economic development, advocating for policies that sustain the thriving business environment while enhancing the overall quality of life for all its citizens.

Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues in the House to join me in congratulating my friend, Bob Harvey, on a well-deserved retirement.

I thank Bob for his service to our dynamic region and our beloved State of Texas. Blessings to him and his lovely wife, Vicki, and three great kids, Michael, Tom--who worked for us--and Mary, as he embarks on the next chapter of a life well lived.

Honoring the Incredible Life of John Paul Spees, Sr.

Mr. Speaker, I rise to honor the incredible life of one Mr. John Paul Spees, Sr., a man whose journey from Gary, Indiana, through Lake Charles, Louisiana, to the great State of Texas left an indelible mark on our community.

Born in 1936, he went to be with Jesus on December 1, 2023.

Paul was a proud Navy veteran. Paul served 2 years on the USS Randolph. His dedication to our great country was surpassed only by his devotion to his family.

In 1958, he married his beautiful wife, the former Sheila Sarver, and together they were blessed with four children, of which we get the privilege of knowing Kelly and her great husband, Paul; four children; fourteen grandchildren; and four great-grandchildren.

In addition to God, family, and country, Paul loved skeet shooting-- at the world championship level, I might add--tinkering with cars, and sharing his musical talents on the piano and accordion. Now, we know where Kelly gets it from.

Mr. Speaker, though, we mourn his passing, we celebrate a life well- lived with Kelly and Paul and all their family. We commend Paul Spees' legacy of love, laughter, and service.

Honoring the Life and Legacy of Robert Moody

Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the life and legacy of a businessman and philanthropist, Robert Moody, who was known to many of us as Bobby.

Bobby's journey was one of resilience, integrity, and an unwavering commitment to family and community in the city he cherished, which I am privileged to represent, Galveston, Texas.

Bobby's legacy is etched in the successes of businesses he shepherded for over six decades. His leadership transformed National Western Life Insurance Company and American National Insurance Company into industry leaders, providing financial security for millions.

Yet, Bobby's heart beat the strongest for our Galveston community, with a passion that is reflected in the creation of Moody Gardens and the Moody Neurorehabilitation Institute, both testaments to his philanthropic vision.

Beyond his professional achievements, Bobby's devotion to his family was unparalleled. As a loving father, grandfather, and a great- grandfather, he effortlessly blended business acumen with the warmth of family life.

As we bid farewell to such a stalwart leader, a compassionate patriarch, and a beacon of generosity, let us hope, pray, and carry forward Bobby's legacy of resilience, empathy, as well as community stewardship. The island city of Galveston and the Moody family have lost a guiding light, Mr. Speaker, but Bobby's spirit lives on in the institutions he built and in the countless lives that he touched.

Celebrating 125 Years of Port Arthur, Texas

Mr. Speaker, I rise today to celebrate 125 years of Port Arthur, Texas, a community with a storied history, located in the 14th Congressional District of the great State of Texas.

The city of Port Arthur began as a dream, quite frankly, of a railroad man named Arthur Stilwell, who envisioned it as a trade and tourism center and a port town that eventually wound up bearing his name.

From tankers navigating the waves to an oil boom that echoed with promises of prosperity, Port Arthur has been a beacon on the Gulf Coast. Refineries proudly claiming, ``we oil the world,'' the allure of Pleasure Island, a Cajun influx adding spice to our culture--I know that is true because my bride grew up in Italy. She can cook that Cajun food--and a museum on the Gulf Coast honoring our famous folk, Port Arthur is a tapestry of history as rich as the soil beneath our feet.

Earlier on, Port Arthur became the heartbeat of the petrochemical industry. In 1901, following the game-changing gusher of Spindletop, Gulf Oil Corporation set up shop, followed by Texaco in 1902.

This marked the dawn of a new era.

By 1957, we had become the center of the world's prosperous oil refining facilities, fueling not just our city, not just our State, but the world.

Today, Port Arthur is home to over 55,000 hardworking, salt-of-the- Earth folks. It is truly something special.

May I add that as your Representative of Port Arthur, I am grateful every day to stand before you as the voice of Port Arthur here in the hallowed Halls of Congress. Representing a community with such a rich history, where resilience and progress echo from every corner, is an honor beyond measure.

Here is to 125 years of Port Arthur's pride, their progress, and that enduring southeast Texas spirit that defines us. Happy anniversary, Port Arthur.

Congratulations to Norman Reynolds, Jr., on His Retirement

Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the Groves City Marshal, Mr. Norman Reynolds, Jr., on the occasion of his retirement.

This is the end of an era for the Groves Police Department. Norman Reynolds, Jr.'s, journey into law enforcement is a tale deeply intertwined with his family's legacy. A third-generation police officer, Norman joined the ranks through the encouragement and wise counsel of his father, Norman Reynolds, Sr.

With over 41 years of dedicated service, Mr. Speaker, Reynolds has not only become the longest serving law man in southeast Texas, but also a steadfast pillar in the Groves Police Department.

Mr. Speaker, I thank Marshal Reynolds for his unwavering service, his commitment to keeping our community safe, and for leading the Groves Police Department with dignity, as well as honor.

On behalf of a grateful community, it is my absolute honor and privilege to honor City Marshal Norman Reynolds. I join his wife, Becky, and his family and friends and colleagues in extending him best wishes in his retirement.

Crisis at the Border

Mr. Speaker, I rise to talk about the border for just a second.

Joe Biden and company have allowed this situation at our southern border to escalate from a crisis to a full-blown catastrophe. It was announced just this past Tuesday, CBP saw more than 12,000 encounters with illegal immigrants along the border.

Let that sink in. Twelve thousand in one day crossed the border-- those are the ones they know about--that American taxpayers are having to pay for, I want to add. It is unconscionable.

Under this administration's failed policies, every town is a border town, Mr. Speaker, and the rest of the country is beginning to feel the strain that my home State of Texas has felt for so long under a constant stream of illegal migrants encouraged by President Biden's wide-open border.

That is why I introduced H.R. 6477, a bill that would effectively reimplement the remain in Mexico protocols established by and under President Trump.

It would crack down on the rampant abuse of the asylum system that has enabled so much of this problem. My bill would also hold the administration responsible for knowing the whereabouts and the status of illegal migrants throughout the parole process,

and I urge my colleagues to cosponsor it.

Congratulations to Alvin Community College for Educating Generations

from Texas

Mr. Speaker, I rise today to proudly acknowledge and celebrate the remarkable achievement of Alvin Community College.

Let me hasten to add that it is where I met my beautiful bride of 47 years 49 years ago in the cafeteria there at Alvin Junior College, or what was called Alvin Junior College.

Alvin Community College, once again, for the seventh time, ACC has been recognized by their prestigious Aspen Institute as one of the top 150 community colleges in America.

The Aspen Institute's recognition, citing ACC's achievements in teaching, degree completion, workforce success, and equitable outcomes underscores the college's commitment to student success. Don't I know it.

As an ACC alum, I can personally attest to the transformative power of this institution. It laid the academic groundwork for my future and even, more importantly, became the serendipitous backdrop where I met my beautiful bride. Did I mention that, Mr. Speaker? I think I did.

Mr. Speaker, let me just say that I thank Alvin Community College for not only educating generations of folks from Texas 14th Congressional District and the neighboring communities, but I congratulate them for continuing to shine as one of the best in the Nation. ACC rocks.

Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

Bill Text

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Introduced in HouseIssued November 21, 2023

118th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. R. 6477

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

November 21, 2023

Mr. Weber of Texas (for himself, Mr. Carter of Texas, Mr. Self, Mr. Higgins of Louisiana, and Ms. Foxx) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

A BILL

To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to reform the process for inspection of applicants for admission.

Inspection of applicants for admission

101.

Inspection of applicants for admission

Section 235 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1225) is amended—

(1)

in subsection (b)—

(A)

in paragraph (1)—

(i)

in subparagraph (A)—

(I)

in clauses (i) and (ii), by striking section 212(a)(6)(C) inserting subparagraph (A) or (C) of section 212(a)(6); and

(II)

by adding at the end the following:

(iv)

Ineligibility for parole

An alien described in clause (i) or (ii) shall not be eligible for parole except as expressly authorized pursuant to section 212(d)(5), or for parole or release pursuant to section 236(a).

; and

(ii)

in subparagraph (B)—

(I)

in clause (ii), by striking asylum. and inserting asylum and shall not be released (including pursuant to parole or release pursuant to section 236(a) but excluding as expressly authorized pursuant to section 212(d)(5)) other than to be removed or returned to a country as described in paragraph (3).; and

(II)

in clause (iii)(IV)—

(aa)

in the header by striking detention and inserting detention, return, or removal; and

(bb)

by adding at the end the following: The alien shall not be released (including pursuant to parole or release pursuant to section 236(a) but excluding as expressly authorized pursuant to section 212(d)(5)) other than to be removed or returned to a country as described in paragraph (3).;

(B)

in paragraph (2)—

(i)

in subparagraph (A)—

(I)

by striking Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), and inserting Subject to subparagraph (B) and paragraph (3),; and

(II)

(ii)

by striking subparagraph (C);

(C)

by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (5); and

(D)

by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

(3)

Return to foreign territory contiguous to the United States

(A)

In general

The Secretary of Homeland Security may return to a foreign territory contiguous to the United States any alien arriving on land from that territory (whether or not at a designated port of entry) pending a proceeding under section 240 or review of a determination under subsection (b)(1)(B)(iii)(III).

(B)

Mandatory return

If at any time the Secretary of Homeland Security cannot—

(i)

comply with its obligations to detain an alien as required under clauses (ii) and (iii)(IV) of subsection (b)(1)(B) and subsection (b)(2)(A); or

(ii)

remove an alien to a country described in section 208(a)(2)(A),

the Secretary of Homeland Security shall, without exception, including pursuant to parole or release pursuant to section 236(a) but excluding as expressly authorized pursuant to section 212(d)(5), return to a foreign territory contiguous to the United States any alien arriving on land from that territory (whether or not at a designated port of entry) pending a proceeding under section 240 or review of a determination under subsection (b)(1)(B)(iii)(III).

(4)

Enforcement by state attorneys general

The attorney general of a State, or other authorized State officer, alleging a violation of the detention, return, or removal requirements under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) that affects such State or its residents, may bring an action against the Secretary of Homeland Security on behalf of the residents of the State in an appropriate United States district court to obtain appropriate injunctive relief.

; and

(2)

by adding at the end the following:

(e)

Authority To prohibit introduction of certain aliens

If the Secretary of Homeland Security determines, in his discretion, that the prohibition of the introduction of aliens who are inadmissible under subparagraph (A) or (C) of section 212(a)(6) or under section 212(a)(7) at an international land or maritime border of the United States is necessary to achieve operational control (as defined in section 2 of the Secure Fence Act of 2006 (8 U.S.C. 1701 note)) of such border, the Secretary may prohibit, in whole or in part, the introduction of such aliens at such border for such period of time as the Secretary determines is necessary for such purpose.

Immigration Parole Reform

201.

Immigration parole reform

Section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5)) is amended to read as follows:

(5)

(A)

Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C) and section 214(f), the Secretary of Homeland Security, in the discretion of the Secretary, may temporarily parole into the United States any alien applying for admission to the United States who is not present in the United States, under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, on a case-by-case basis, and not according to eligibility criteria describing an entire class of potential parole recipients, for urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit. Parole granted under this subparagraph may not be regarded as an admission of the alien. When the purposes of such parole have been served in the opinion of the Secretary, the alien shall immediately return or be returned to the custody from which the alien was paroled. After such return, the case of the alien shall be dealt with in the same manner as the case of any other applicant for admission to the United States.

(B)

The Secretary of Homeland Security may grant parole to any alien who—

(i)

is present in the United States without lawful immigration status;

(ii)

is the beneficiary of an approved petition under section 203(a);

(iii)

is not otherwise inadmissible or removable; and

(iv)

is the spouse or child of a member of the Armed Forces serving on active duty.

(C)

The Secretary of Homeland Security may grant parole to any alien—

(i)

who is a national of the Republic of Cuba and is living in the Republic of Cuba;

(ii)

who is the beneficiary of an approved petition under section 203(a);

(iii)

for whom an immigrant visa is not immediately available;

(iv)

who meets all eligibility requirements for an immigrant visa;

(v)

who is not otherwise inadmissible; and

(vi)

who is receiving a grant of parole in furtherance of the commitment of the United States to the minimum level of annual legal migration of Cuban nationals to the United States specified in the U.S.-Cuba Joint Communiqué on Migration, done at New York September 9, 1994, and reaffirmed in the Cuba-United States: Joint Statement on Normalization of Migration, Building on the Agreement of September 9, 1994, done at New York May 2, 1995.

(D)

The Secretary of Homeland Security may grant parole to an alien who is returned to a contiguous country under section 235(b)(3) to allow the alien to attend the alien’s immigration hearing. The grant of parole shall not exceed the time required for the alien to be escorted to, and attend, the alien’s immigration hearing scheduled on the same calendar day as the grant, and to immediately thereafter be escorted back to the contiguous country. A grant of parole under this subparagraph shall not be considered for purposes of determining whether the alien is inadmissible under this Act.

(E)

For purposes of determining an alien’s eligibility for parole under subparagraph (A), an urgent humanitarian reason shall be limited to circumstances in which the alien establishes that—

(i)

(I)

the alien has a medical emergency; and

(II)

(aa)

the alien cannot obtain necessary treatment in the foreign state in which the alien is residing; or

(bb)

the medical emergency is life-threatening and there is insufficient time for the alien to be admitted to the United States through the normal visa process;

(ii)

the alien is the parent or legal guardian of an alien described in clause (i) and the alien described in clause (i) is a minor;

(iii)

the alien is needed in the United States in order to donate an organ or other tissue for transplant and there is insufficient time for the alien to be admitted to the United States through the normal visa process;

(iv)

the alien has a close family member in the United States whose death is imminent and the alien could not arrive in the United States in time to see such family member alive if the alien were to be admitted to the United States through the normal visa process;

(v)

the alien is seeking to attend the funeral of a close family member and the alien could not arrive in the United States in time to attend such funeral if the alien were to be admitted to the United States through the normal visa process;

(vi)

the alien is an adopted child with an urgent medical condition who is in the legal custody of the petitioner for a final adoption-related visa and whose medical treatment is required before the expected award of a final adoption-related visa; or

(vii)

the alien is a lawful applicant for adjustment of status under section 245 and is returning to the United States after temporary travel abroad.

(F)

For purposes of determining an alien's eligibility for parole under subparagraph (A), a significant public benefit may be determined to result from the parole of an alien only if—

(i)

the alien has assisted (or will assist, whether knowingly or not) the United States Government in a law enforcement matter;

(ii)

the alien’s presence is required by the Government in furtherance of such law enforcement matter; and

(iii)

the alien is inadmissible, does not satisfy the eligibility requirements for admission as a nonimmigrant, or there is insufficient time for the alien to be admitted to the United States through the normal visa process.

(G)

For purposes of determining an alien's eligibility for parole under subparagraph (A), the term case-by-case basis means that the facts in each individual case are considered and parole is not granted based on membership in a defined class of aliens to be granted parole. The fact that aliens are considered for or granted parole one-by-one and not as a group is not sufficient to establish that the parole decision is made on a case-by-case basis.

(H)

The Secretary of Homeland Security may not use the parole authority under this paragraph to parole an alien into the United States for any reason or purpose other than those described in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F).

(I)

An alien granted parole may not accept employment, except that an alien granted parole pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (C) is authorized to accept employment for the duration of the parole, as evidenced by an employment authorization document issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security.

(J)

Parole granted after a departure from the United States shall not be regarded as an admission of the alien. An alien granted parole, whether as an initial grant of parole or parole upon reentry into the United States, is not eligible to adjust status to lawful permanent residence or for any other immigration benefit if the immigration status the alien had at the time of departure did not authorize the alien to adjust status or to be eligible for such benefit.

(K)

(i)

Except as provided in clauses (ii) and (iii), parole shall be granted to an alien under this paragraph for the shorter of—

(I)

a period of sufficient length to accomplish the activity described in subparagraph (D), (E), or (F) for which the alien was granted parole; or

(II)

1 year.

(ii)

Grants of parole pursuant to subparagraph (A) may be extended once, in the discretion of the Secretary, for an additional period that is the shorter of—

(I)

the period that is necessary to accomplish the activity described in subparagraph (E) or (F) for which the alien was granted parole; or

(II)

1 year.

(iii)

Aliens who have a pending application to adjust status to permanent residence under section 245 may request extensions of parole under this paragraph, in 1-year increments, until the application for adjustment has been adjudicated. Such parole shall terminate immediately upon the denial of such adjustment application.

(L)

Not later than 90 days after the last day of each fiscal year, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and make available to the public, a report—

(i)

identifying the total number of aliens paroled into the United States under this paragraph during the previous fiscal year; and

(ii)

containing information and data regarding all aliens paroled during such fiscal year, including—

(I)

the duration of parole;

(II)

the type of parole; and

(III)

the current status of the aliens so paroled.

202.

Implementation

(a)

In general

Except as provided in subsection (b), this title and the amendments made by this title shall take effect on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(b)

Exceptions

Notwithstanding subsection (a), each of the following exceptions apply:

(1)

Any application for parole or advance parole filed by an alien before the date of the enactment of this Act shall be adjudicated under the law that was in effect on the date on which the application was properly filed and any approved advance parole shall remain valid under the law that was in effect on the date on which the advance parole was approved.

(2)

Section 212(d)(5)(J) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as added by section 201 of this Act, shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

(3)

Aliens who were paroled into the United States pursuant to section 212(d)(5)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5)(A)) before January 1, 2023, shall continue to be subject to the terms of parole that were in effect on the date on which their respective parole was approved.

203.

Cause of action

Any person, State, or local government that experiences financial harm in excess of $1,000 due to a failure of the Federal Government to lawfully apply the provisions of this title or the amendments made by this title shall have standing to bring a civil action against the Federal Government in an appropriate district court of the United States for appropriate relief.

204.

Severability

If any provision of this title or any amendment by this title, or the application of such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this title and the application of such provision or amendment to any other person or circumstance shall not be affected.