Agricultural Emergency Relief Act of 2023

Madam President, I rise to introduce the bipartisan Economic Empowerment Through Predevelopment Act. This legislation would improve support for capacity building and early-stage project development activities to ensure inclusive economic growth across communities.

Predevelopment activities are projects that must be completed prior to construction to advance infrastructure and development projects from concept to reality. This includes planning and design, community asset mapping, training, technical assistance, feasibility and environmental studies, demonstration projects, permitting, and organizational capacity building.

This bill would enhance the Economic Development Administration's role in the initial stages of a project by authorizing the Agency to make grants and cooperative agreements for predevelopment activities and capacity building purposes.

Many underserved, low-income, and rural communities simply do not have the institutions, expertise, or capacity to plan, design, coordinate, or implement new economic development initiatives. Building an inclusive economy requires policies for comprehensive economic development plans that better equip our communities to sustain and grow investments, leverage community-based assets, and diversify local economies to withstand potential disruptions.

Additional support for predevelopment projects would also allow for more intentional investments and longer term sustainability in local economies by preventing costly mistakes or unwise investments.

Since the passage of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the American Rescue Plan Act, Congress, State and local governments, as well as community organizations, have increasingly turned to EDA and economic development districts for assistance in predevelopment activities. This legislation will strengthen the Agency's work in this space.

I thank Senator Cassidy for introducing this important legislation with me in the Senate. I hope all of our colleagues will join us in supporting this bill for the economic empowerment of our communities.

Madam President, I rise to introduce the Renewing Immigration Provisions of the Immigration Act of 1929 Act.

This legislation would permit individuals who have lived in the United States continuously for at least 7 years to file for lawful permanent residence here.

The Renewing Immigration Provisions of the Immigration Act of 1929 Act will provide long-term residents of the U.S. a path to lawful permanent residence.

Specifically, this bill would amend the existing Registry mechanism in the Immigration and Nationality Act by opening the application to register permanent or adjust status to long-term residents who have lived in the United States for at least 7 years at the time of filing.

This bill would also allow long-term residents who have been in the United States for at least 7 years, waiting patiently for a visa number to become available, to immediately file an application to register permanent or adjust status.

This legislation has the added benefit of creating a much needed pathway to permanent residency for Dreamers and forcibly displaced individuals, such as TPS holders, who have been stuck in legal limbo for years.

By making the eligibility cutoff rolling, this bill would also preempt the need for Congress to repeatedly update the Registry's cutoff date to a specific year of entry into the United States.

There is strong precedent for Congress to advance the Registry date, which it has done on a bipartisan basis four times since it first codified the Registry in 1929. In 1958, Congress opened the Registry mechanism to long-term residents of the United States who had entered the country improperly, overstayed a visa, or otherwise violated the terms of a temporary period of entry. Congress clearly intended the Registry to allow undocumented immigrants to adjust to lawful permanent resident status.

Currently, the eligibility cutoff date for the Registry is January 1, 1972, more than 50 years ago. Just a handful of immigrants can currently satisfy this cutoff entry date requirement, rendering the 1972 entry cutoff all but meaningless. From 2015 to 2019, only 305 individuals adjusted their status based on the Registry, compared to the 58,914 individuals who did so between 1985 and 1989. If this legislation passed today, over 8 million individuals--who are already living in the United States and have longstanding ties to their communities--would become eligible to apply for permanent residency through the Registry.

Today, about 11 million undocumented immigrants live in the United States. It is not feasible or productive to remove all of them, and it would significantly hurt the U.S. economy to do so. The overwhelming majority of these undocumented immigrants have established roots in the United States and are law-abiding citizens. They are integral parts of our communities who work essential jobs, pay taxes, and even serve in our military. Leaving them without a path to permanent residency relegates them to second-class status and denies them the opportunity to fulfill the American Dream.

It is imperative that we create a path to permanent residence status for immigrants who lack certainty about their futures.

Madam President, I rise to introduce the Water Efficiency, Conservation, and Sustainability Act of 2023. This legislation would authorize $550 million for the Environmental Protection Agency to address water inefficiencies and losses in public water systems.

Every year, household leaks waste nearly 1 trillion gallons of water nationwide, increasing water bills and wasting water meant for critical drinking water and clean water uses.

The Water Efficiency, Conservation, and Sustainability Act of 2023 creates a suite of options for States, municipalities, water systems, and Tribal nations to address water inefficiencies and losses in public water systems and to support leak reduction as one of the most cost- effective urban water management tools we have.

Leaking pipes waste an estimated 17 percent of water before a drop reaches a consumer's faucet. In my home State of California, 8 percent is wasted in a State that cannot afford any waste as we face increasingly unpredictable weather whiplash between drought and flooding.

Water efficiency is the most cost-effective way to ensure clean, affordable drinking water for communities across the country. Much like energy efficiency measures, improving water efficiency saves consumers money, reduces demand, decreases strain on water supply systems, and saves energy.

Yet Federal spending on energy efficiency and renewable energy in outpaced spending on water efficiency and water reuse by approximately 80 to 1 since 2000, resulting in millions of gallons wasted each year that could otherwise be saved or utilized.

Achieving widespread water efficiency will require both inside-the- home and system upgrades. Fixes at the individual building level can add up to make a big difference. The EPA estimates that installation of water-efficient fixtures and appliances can reduce water use 20 percent and save money for consumers.

The bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act provided a historic level of water infrastructure investment--including for Bureau of Reclamation States and for wastewater efficiency--but more investment is needed in the water systems that deliver drinking water to our homes and businesses across all States.

As drought continues to impact the Western United States and regions across the country, investing in resilient water supplies is an increasingly urgent priority for States, water systems, and families facing rising water rates.

In a survey completed as part of a 2014 GAO report, 40 out of 50 State water managers expected water shortages in some portion of their State in the next decade. Improving water efficiency saves money, saves energy, and helps ensure a more resilient water supply.

I would like to thank my House colead, Congressman Levin, for championing this effort with me, and I look forward to working with my colleagues to enact the Water Efficiency, Conservation, and Sustainability Act of 2023.

Madam President, I rise in support of the Housing for All Act of 2023, which I introduced today.

Our Nation's homelessness and affordable housing crises have reached a breaking point. As of January 2022, over 580,000 individuals in the United States--disproportionately people of color--experienced homelessness. The rate of homelessness has increased by 6 percent since 2017. In Los Angeles County alone, the mortality rate for people experiencing homelessness increased by 55 percent between 2019 to 2021.

The lack of adequate Federal investment in affordable housing and housing assistance programs contributes to these crises. There is currently a shortage of 7.3 million affordable and available rental homes in the United States. According to a recent National Low Income Housing Coalition report, no State or county exists where a person working 40 hours a week and earning the State or local minimum wage can afford to rent a modest two-bedroom apartment, and 86 percent of all low-income renters in the Nation are considered cost-burdened, spending more than 30 percent of their income on just housing costs alone.

The affordable housing and homelessness crises are not just a Democrat problem or an urban problem but impact every Senator's State. From our metropolitan areas to our rural heartlands, our constituents everywhere feel the real impact of housing unaffordability. And it is time for the Federal Government to step up, partner with our State and local governments alongside service providers on the ground and other stakeholders, and invest in solving these problems at a rate commensurate with the need.

I am proud to reintroduce this bill, which represents a comprehensive approach to tackling housing and homelessness. If enacted, it would invest in and align Federal resources to support people experiencing housing instability. To address the affordable housing and homelessness crises, we must invest in proven policies that support strong, sustainable, inclusive communities and ensure quality, affordable homes for all.

Specifically, this bill will address the affordable housing shortage by investing in the housing trust fund, the Section 202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly Program, Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities Program, and the HOME Program. It establishes a commission to focus on racial equity in housing and homelessness.

The bill will address homelessness by investing in housing choice vouchers, project-based rental assistance, emergency solutions grants, and continuums of care. It also builds on locally-developed and -driven approaches by creating new grant programs to strengthen mobile crisis intervention teams; to support hotel and motel conversions to permanent supportive housing with services; to aid libraries in supporting persons experiencing homelessness; to provide people living in vehicles with a safe place to park overnight and facilitate a transition to stable housing; and to coordinate behavioral health care with homelessness services. And it commissions a report on the connection between evictions and emergency rental assistance during the pandemic, so we can make smarter policies moving forward.

When I have traveled around California--from Los Angeles County and the Inland Empire to the Central Valley, San Diego, and San Francisco-- to better understand the needs for housing in different communities, some key elements stood out. On the production side, there is a need for more dedicated funding for affordable housing from the Federal Government. There is also missing middle-income housing for families, especially people of color. And there is not enough housing near transit. That is why my bill focuses on supporting inclusive, transit- oriented development. When I talked to researchers about keeping families housed, one main point they made is that we don't have enough data on renters and evictions, and that is why I wanted to include a section of the bill on data--so we can make evidence-based policies.

Right now, the cost to build low-income housing in California is very high in part because of land and material costs and the fragmented way funding is distributed in California. This is a common problem across the Nation, not just in California. That is why I included a section to provide technical assistance for localities navigating Federal and State housing funding sources.

Affordable housing is essential infrastructure. Every person deserves dignity, security, and a space of their own.

I want to thank Representatives Ted Lieu and Salud Carbajal for introducing this bill with me, and I hope our colleagues will join us in supporting this comprehensive solution to our nationwide affordable housing and homelessness crises.

Madam President, I rise to speak in support of the Voice for Farm Workers Act of 2023, which I introduced today.

Farmworkers feed our Nation. This is especially true in California, agricultural heart of the Nation. California is the most successful State in agricultural production and has the largest population of farmworkers. During COVID-19, a time of incredible hardship, farmworkers put food on the tables of millions of Americans despite working in extreme conditions and facing deep-rooted inequities.

Right now, just one person is statutorily dedicated to serving as a liaison between farmworkers and the U.S. Department of Agriculture--the Farmworker Coordinator. While the 2008 farm bill created this position, Congress has never provided the proper resources to support or staff this position. The 2023 U.S. Department of Agriculture Equity Commission Interim Report even included a strong recommendation for the USDA to fund and elevate roles for professional staff solely dedicated to farmworkers' concerns and perspectives.

It is time that we support the USDA staff who are dedicated to integrating the valuable perspectives of farmworkers into the decisions that directly affect the lives and livelihoods of these workers.

That is why I am proud to introduce this bill, which would expand the current role of USDA Farmworker Coordinator to allow for the Coordinator to create recommendations for new initiatives and programs, collaborate within the Department on programmatic and policy decisions that related to farm and food system workers, and allow for the employment of additional staff to support the Coordinator in their duties.

This bill would include additional entities for the Farmworker Coordinator to consult with, including institutions of higher education, local education agencies, and community-based nonprofit organizations, to increase outreach efforts and ensure that more farmworkers in more communities can be heard.

As we work towards passing this year's farm bill, I urge my colleagues to consider the farmworkers who keep our families and communities fed and healthy.

Madam President, I rise to speak in support of the Supporting Our Farm and Food System Workforce Act of 2023, which I introduced today.

Farm and food system workers feed our Nation. We know this well in California--the agricultural heart of the Nation--where we have one of the largest populations of farmworkers and food system workers in the United States. Throughout pandemic, these workers put food on our tables and kept our grocery store shelves stocked--despite facing deep- rooted inequities in the workforce and often experiencing food insecurity themselves.

Right now, just one person in the entire Federal Government is statutorily dedicated to serving as a liaison between farmworkers and the U.S. Department of Agriculture--the Farmworker Coordinator. While the 2008 farm bill created this position, Congress has never provided the proper resources to support or staff this position. The 2023 U.S. Department of Agriculture Equity Commission Interim Report even included a strong recommendation for USDA to fund and elevate roles for professional staff solely dedicated to farmworkers' concerns and perspectives.

It is time that we give those who provide the food for our Nation a voice in the national conversation. We must give farm and food system workers a dedicated office within the USDA to integrate their invaluable perspectives into the decisions that directly affect their lives and livelihoods.

That is why I am proud to introduce this bill, which will create the USDA Office of the Farm and Food System Workforce to not only serve as a liaison for farm and food system workers but also to provide a platform for their concerns and interests to assist in the creation of recommendations and new initiatives for the Department.

The bill would also create a Farm and Food System Worker Advisory Committee, composed of a diverse cross-section of members representing these workers' varied interests and perspectives, such as workers themselves, labor unions, higher education professionals, civil rights advocates, women worker focused groups, and trusted community-based nonprofits.

The legislation would also establish a Farm and Food System Workforce Interagency Council comprised of representatives from various Federal Agencies to improve coordination, planning, program development, and policymaking across Cabinet-level leadership. The Office will also appoint staff to various USDA entities to serve as liaisons on matters related to farm and food system workers within the Department.

Finally, the bill would require annual, publicly available reports in multiple languages about the Office's work in the past year, including recommendations to improve the work and livelihood of farm and food system workers, climate change impacts on the food system, and the barriers workers face in accessing Federal programs.

During this year's Farm Bill, I urge my colleagues to remember the workers behind the American food system, the workers who keep our families and communities fed and healthy. These workers deserve a seat at the table.

Madam President, I rise to introduce the Fair Access to Agriculture Disaster Programs Act of 2023. This legislation would allow specialty crop producers to access critical disaster relief programs at the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Increasingly frequent and catastrophic floods, fires, freezes, and other disasters are threatening the long-term sustainability of agriculture across the country.

The impact has been particularly acute for California's agricultural communities, who face year-round threats from drought, heat, floods, and fires.

To ensure producers can get back on their feet following natural disasters, the farm bill authorizes a number of safety net programs. But these programs simply don't work for specialty crop producers, who, despite facing the same challenges posed by extreme weather as other growers, are excluded from meaningful participation in USDA disaster programs based on the application of outdated adjusted gross income, AGI, limitations.

As a result, producers from California to Florida are excluded from accessing critical disaster programs.

The Fair Access to Agriculture Disaster Programs Act would codify flexibility used in the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program to waive the AGI limitation for producers that derive 75 percent of their income from farming, ranching, or related farming practices.

What are referred to as specialty crops are just that--special. Specialty crops, which include fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops, are cultivated for food, medicine, and aesthetic purposes, requiring overall higher inputs and specialized processes for planting, growing, and harvesting.

Did you know that it costs more than $30,000 to produce an acre of strawberries? The cost of production for specialty crops is typically thousands of dollars per acre.

As a result, both large and small producers of specialty crops end up exceeding the AGI limitations put in place to means-test critical disaster assistance.

That is why we need to pass the Fair Access to Agriculture Disaster Programs Act to ensure farmers and ranchers can access agricultural safety net programs in the wake of increasingly more frequent and catastrophic disasters.

I would like to thank Senator Tillis for joining me to introduce this bill, as well as Congressman Panetta for championing this bill in the House.

I look forward to working with my colleagues to pass the Fair Access to Agriculture Disaster Programs Act as quickly as possible.

Madam President, I rise today to introduce the EQIP Water Conservation Act of 2023 and thank Senators Marshall, Bennet, Lujan, Padilla, Kelly, and Sinema for joining me as original cosponsors.

Our bill would clarify eligibility requirements for water conservation and irrigation efficiency practices funded under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Environmental Quality Incentives Program, EQIP, to allow irrigation districts to undertake large-scale off-farm water conservation projects that benefit many farms rather than only single-farm projects.

Drought poses a persistent and potentially lethal threat to agriculture in Western States. In 2021 alone, drought cost California's agricultural sector $1.1 billion in direct costs and nearly 9,000 jobs, while farmers were forced to leave 400,000 acres of land unplanted. This situation is causing irreparable harm to agricultural communities across the West, and farmers need tools to adapt. EQIP is a crucial tool in the effort to combat drought, and the programs' funds must be made fully available to water agencies, which often serve hundreds of farmers.

In the 2018 farm bill, Congress authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to waive payment limitations and adjusted gross income, AGI, limitations to more effectively support water district projects that conserve water, provide fish and wildlife habitat, and combat drought. However, a subsequent USDA rule effectively nullified this provision by capping EQIP payments for water agencies at $900,000, which is only twice the cap for projects that benefit individual farmers.

Since water agencies often serve dozens or even hundreds of farmers, this rule makes no sense and undermines the 2018 farm bill's goal of facilitating water conservation projects by water agencies.

Our bill would require the Secretary of Agriculture to waive the EQIP payment cap of $900,000 for water agencies. To be clear, this bill does not attempt to bypass the payment cap for individual farms; rather, it would set the cap on projects based on the number of farmers it serves. For instance, if a water agency serves 10 farmers, the total payment limitation would be $4.5 million, or $450,000 per farmer. Our bill would also deduct for EQIP payments already made to farmers served by that agency's project.

In maintaining a per-farmer payment limitation at the same level as the limit for individual farmers, our bill recognizes that water agencies serve many farmers and that providing adequate funds to these entities will allow USDA to more effectively meet conservation and irrigation efficiency goals.

Congress has an opportunity this year to make significant strides in improving irrigation efficiency and water conservation while more faithfully adhering to the conservation goals of the 2018 farm bill. I thank my cosponsors for their partnership on this bill, and I urge the Senate to take it up and pass it as soon as possible.

Madam President, I rise today to introduce the Clean Drinking Water for Rural Communities Act of 2023 and thank my colleague Senator Padilla for joining me as an original cosponsor.

Our bill would change the eligibility limit for the water and wastewater programs within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Rural Development from 10,000 residents to 20,000 residents for investments to treat contaminated drinking water that does not meet Federal and State standards. Modifying the threshold would correct an oversight that is a barrier for many rural and agricultural communities to access clean drinking water.

Many rural communities across the United States lack access to safe drinking water because their aging systems have not kept pace with worsening pollution. In many of these communities, agricultural runoff has caused nitrate concentrations to soar, which can cause cancer, thyroid disease, and developmental defects. The problem has become widespread in low-income, rural, and farmworker communities in California's Central Valley, where the majority of residents get their water from wells without any treatment system.

Unfortunately, the cost of addressing this problem can be prohibitive for small water systems that serve mostly low-income residents. Many of these communities exceed the 10,000-resident limit for USDA programs but are too small to be competitive for other drinking water assistance programs. These communities are left to rely on bottled water or drinking water that does not comply with Federal or State standards.

The small change proposed in this bill would enable more communities in the Central Valley and around the country to use USDA funds to remove contamination or connect to larger water systems.

Congress has an opportunity this year to make this small change to USDA's Water and Waste Disposal Loan and Grant Program to improve access to safe, clean drinking water for individuals in small, agricultural communities. I thank Senator Padilla for his partnership on this bill, and I urge the full Senate to take it up and pass it as soon as possible.

Madam President, I rise today to introduce the Agricultural Emergency Relief Act of 2023 and thank my colleague Senator Padilla for joining me as an original cosponsor.

Our bill would establish a consistent structure and end the delays in administering ad hoc agricultural disaster assistance by authorizing the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Emergency Relief Program. In addition to improving the distribution of supplemental disaster funds appropriated by Congress, this program would encourage participation in crop insurance by requiring producers who receive relief payments to purchase 2 years of insurance.

Every year, farmers across the country are contending with disasters of increasing severity and frequency, whether droughts and wildfires in the West, hurricanes in the Southeast, freezes in the Midwest, or flooding throughout the country. In some cases, crop insurance is able to cover the damages caused by these storms, but producers often require additional assistance due to the scale of the damage. This is especially true with specialty crops, where producers may lack affordable insurance options and, as a result, often operate with little coverage or no insurance at all. Federal disaster assistance has been a critical bridge back to production for these farmers, who are producing the Nation's food supply amid the worsening impacts of climate change.

Since fiscal year 2018, Congress has appropriated more than $19 billion for agricultural disaster assistance. However, these funds, lacking proper authorizing language, have been distributed through four different USDA programs, with changing requirements, forms, and processes from year to year. Each time USDA has had to create a new program, administrative delays have slowed the dispersal of relief, leaving producers, their families, and their communities in limbo. Farmers deserve more reliability, which our bill would provide.

Our bill would authorize USDA's Emergency Relief Program to provide consistent, authorized guidelines for program administration of ad hoc disaster funds. Payment calculations for farmers would rely on indemnities reported to USDA or on calculation of

lost revenue. This flexibility will help support farmers producing both commodities and specialty crops. Our bill would also require producers to purchase crop insurance for 2 years after receiving a relief payment.

Congress has an opportunity to provide clarity and consistency to our Nation's farmers who have weathered disasters and delays in assistance. I thank Senator Padilla for his partnership on this bill, and I urge the Senate to take it up and pass it as soon as possible.

Madam President, among the many challenges to improving educational outcomes for students and recruiting and retaining educators for our public schools is the condition of school facilities. A 2020 Government Accountability Office, GAO, report found that over half, 54 percent, of school districts nationwide need to update or replace multiple systems in their schools, such as heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, HVAC, or plumbing. These systems are especially critical to safeguarding public health, as we learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. Functioning and efficient HVAC systems and ventilation can help keep indoor air quality healthy and reduce the spread of infectious airborne viral particles.

Investing in school buildings will make them healthy and safe learning environments. It will also improve student learning, reduce carbon emissions, and create jobs. That is why I am proud to partner with Representative Bobby Scott, ranking member of the House Education and Workforce Committee, to introduce the Rebuild America's Schools Act--legislation that will invest $130 billion in fixing our schools. I would like to thank my Senate colleagues who are joining in this effort, including Senators Brown, Blumenthal, Booker, Casey, Cortez Masto, Duckworth, Durbin, Heinrich, Hirono, Klobuchar, Lujan, Markey, Merkley, Murphy, Shaheen, Smith, Stabenow, Van Hollen, and Whitehouse.

Public schools play a vital role in every community across the Nation--educating the next generation, serving as polling places for our elections, hosting community meetings and cultural events, and so much more. When there is a natural disaster or an emergency, people often gather at their public schools for shelter, information, and resources. They are essential facilities and should be treated as essential infrastructure.

Safe, healthy, modern, well-equipped schools are essential for advancing student achievement and ensuring that the next generation is prepared to meet the economic, social, environmental, and global challenges our Nation faces. Yet too many of the over 50 million students and 6 million staff who learn and work in our public schools spend their days in facilities that fail to make the grade. In fact, the American Society of Civil Engineers gave public school buildings across the country an overall grade of D+ in its latest report card. The 2021 State of our Schools Report identified an $85 billion annual shortfall in school facilities investment.

States and local communities cannot bridge this gap alone, especially when many struggle to simply keep teachers and staff on the payroll. We know that budget shortfalls hit low-income and minority communities the hardest. The GAO noted that capital construction expenditures, on average, were about $300 less per student in high-poverty districts compared to low-poverty districts. With inflation, interest rates, and extreme weather events on the rise, the gap between what is needed to maintain safe and modern schools and what communities can afford will only grow. Addressing this need with robust Federal investment is not only the right thing to do for our students; it will also give a needed boost to our economy, putting people to work in family--sustaining jobs. According to an analysis by the Economic Policy Institute, every $1 billion spent on construction generates 17,785 jobs.

The Rebuild America's Schools Act will create a Federal-State partnership for school infrastructure. It will provide, over 5 years, a total of $130 billion in direct grants and school construction bonds to help fill the annual gap in school facility capital needs, while creating nearly 2 million jobs.

Specifically, the Rebuild America's Schools Act will provide $100 billion in formula funds to States for local competitive grants for school repair, renovation, and construction. States will focus assistance on communities with the greatest financial need, encourage green construction practices, and expand access to high-speed broadband to ensure that all students have access to digital learning. Our legislation would also provide $30 billion for qualified school infrastructure bonds, QSIBs, $10 billion each year from FY 2023 through FY 2025, and restore the qualified zone academy bonds, QZABs, that were eliminated in the Republican Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The legislation also eases the matching requirements and expands the authority and eligible purposes of QZABs to allow local education agencies to construct, rehabilitate, retrofit, or repair school facilities. The Rebuild America's Schools

Act also supports American workers by ensuring that projects use American-made iron, steel, and manufactured products and meet labor standards.

I would like to thank the broad coalition of educators, community organizations, unions, civil rights advocates, and employers that have provided feedback and support for this legislation, including the 21st Century Schools Fund, A4LE: the Association for Learning Environments, AASA: The School Superintendents Association, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, American Federation of Teachers, American Industrial Hygiene Association, American Institute of Architects, BASIC Coalition, Council of the Great City Schools, Heart of America, International Unions of Bricklayers and Allied Craft Workers, National Association of Energy Service Companies, National Association of Federally Impacted Schools, National Council on School Facilities, National Education Association, Rebuild America's Schools Coalition, Safe Traces, Teach Plus, and the U.S. Green Building Council.

We have no time to waste in fixing our deteriorating school infrastructure. In the words of a student activist in Providence, Rhode Island: ``Students cannot learn in a crumbling building, a school that isn't fit to uplift our minds.'' We need to listen to our students, strengthen our communities, and improve our school buildings. I urge all of our colleagues to support the Rebuild America's Schools Act and press for its passage.

Madam President, today, I am introducing legislation that is the product of at least 18 years of collaborative work by a diverse group of stakeholders in Virginia, including local recreation groups, conservationists, timber industry representatives, and sportsmen.

The Shenandoah Mountain Act would designate more than 92,000 acres of the George Washington National Forest lands in Virginia as the Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic Area, SMNSA.

Congress designates national scenic areas to protect the natural and scenic value of lands that are also compatible with recreational uses such as hiking, fishing, hunting, camping, mountain biking, among others.

The SMNSA encompasses four wilderness areas: Skidmore Fork, Little River, Ramsey's Draft, and Lynn Hollow, which in total include 10 peaks above 4,000 feet and 150 miles of trails to attract campers, hikers, mountain bikers, fishermen, birders, and equestrians. The legislation also establishes a 5,779-acre wilderness area at Beech Lick Knob, located 10 miles to the north.

The SMNSA will protect important water resources, as it covers headwaters for the Potomac and James Rivers and watersheds that provide drinking water for Harrisonburg, Staunton, and communities farther downstream, such as Washington, DC, and Richmond. This area is also a hotspot for biodiversity. Cold mountain streams in the area are a stronghold for native brook trout. Today's legislation would permanently protect these rivers and streams from industrial development. It would also help safeguard plant and wildlife habitat for black bears, wild turkeys, more than 250 species of birds, and at- risk species like the Cow Knob and Shenandoah Mountain salamanders.

The Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic Area will provide a boost to the region's growing tourism industry. In 2021, the tourism economy directly employed 6,543 people and generated $728.5 million in Augusta, Rockingham, Bath, and Highland Counties, as well as Harrisonburg, Staunton, and Waynesboro. In addition to the direct benefits to tourism, James Madison University scientists estimate that lands within the SMNSA proposal already generate $13.7 million per year in other local benefits, including the value of the water supply. Designation of the SMNSA would further grow these benefits.

The challenges of the past 3 years have underscored that getting out into nature is critical to our health and well-being. I am proud that the Shenandoah Mountain Act will expand these opportunities within the George Washington National Forest for visitors near and far, while also boosting our local economies, protecting drinking water sources, and preserving the wildlife that makes this area so special.

The local governments of Staunton, Augusta, Rockingham, and Harrisonburg, along with over 400 businesses and organizations, have endorsed the new designation for the vast benefits it will have on the surrounding communities. I thank my colleague Senator Mark Warner for joining me in introducing this legislation. I also commend our local stakeholders for working on this proposal for so many years.

Madam President, I rise today to introduce the Agricultural Emergency Relief Act of 2023 and thank my colleague Senator Padilla for joining me as an original cosponsor.

Our bill would establish a consistent structure and end the delays in administering ad hoc agricultural disaster assistance by authorizing the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Emergency Relief Program. In addition to improving the distribution of supplemental disaster funds appropriated by Congress, this program would encourage participation in crop insurance by requiring producers who receive relief payments to purchase 2 years of insurance.

Every year, farmers across the country are contending with disasters of increasing severity and frequency, whether droughts and wildfires in the West, hurricanes in the Southeast, freezes in the Midwest, or flooding throughout the country. In some cases, crop insurance is able to cover the damages caused by these storms, but producers often require additional assistance due to the scale of the damage. This is especially true with specialty crops, where producers may lack affordable insurance options and, as a result, often operate with little coverage or no insurance at all. Federal disaster assistance has been a critical bridge back to production for these farmers, who are producing the Nation's food supply amid the worsening impacts of climate change.

Since fiscal year 2018, Congress has appropriated more than $19 billion for agricultural disaster assistance. However, these funds, lacking proper authorizing language, have been distributed through four different USDA programs, with changing requirements, forms, and processes from year to year. Each time USDA has had to create a new program, administrative delays have slowed the dispersal of relief, leaving producers, their families, and their communities in limbo. Farmers deserve more reliability, which our bill would provide.

Our bill would authorize USDA's Emergency Relief Program to provide consistent, authorized guidelines for program administration of ad hoc disaster funds. Payment calculations for farmers would rely on indemnities reported to USDA or on calculation of

lost revenue. This flexibility will help support farmers producing both commodities and specialty crops. Our bill would also require producers to purchase crop insurance for 2 years after receiving a relief payment.

Congress has an opportunity to provide clarity and consistency to our Nation's farmers who have weathered disasters and delays in assistance. I thank Senator Padilla for his partnership on this bill, and I urge the Senate to take it up and pass it as soon as possible.