← Back to Bills
S.J.Res. 16Senate118th Congress (2023-2025)In Committee

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of not more than 9 justices.

Sponsored by Marco RubioSen. Marco Rubio (R-FL)
Introduced February 16, 2023

AI-Generated Summary

Updated January 20, 2026 at 3:44 AM UTC

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment that would set a maximum of nine justices on the United States Supreme Court. If ratified, it would change the Court’s size and give Congress authority to pass laws to enforce the limit. The amendment would affect the structure of the federal judiciary and any future changes to the Court’s composition.

Key Provisions

  • The Supreme Court shall be composed of not more than nine justices.
  • Congress is granted the power to enforce this limit through appropriate legislation.

Legislative Activity

Stay on top of the latest movement without scrolling through every action

1 earlier action
SenateIntro Referral Latest Action

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Judiciary Committee

February 16, 2023

View full timeline
SenateIntro Referral

Introduced in Senate

February 16, 2023

SenateIntro Referral

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Judiciary Committee

February 16, 2023

Bill Text

Latest available legislative text

Reading Mode
Latest
Raw Text PDF XML
Introduced in SenateIssued February 16, 2023

IIA

118th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. J. RES. 16

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

February 16, 2023

Mr. Rubio (for himself, Mr. Cramer, Mr. Tillis, Mr. Risch, Mr. Crapo, Mr. Daines, Mr. Hoeven, Mrs. Capito, Mrs. Blackburn, Mr. Romney, Mr. Braun, Mr. Young, and Mrs. Fischer) introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

JOINT RESOLUTION

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of not more than 9 justices.

Now, therefore, be it

That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission by the Congress:

 —
1.

The Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of not more than 9 justices.

2.

The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

.