H.J.Res. 28House119th Congress (2025-2027)In Committee

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Introduced January 22, 2025

AI-Generated Summary

Updated November 24, 2025 at 3:24 AM UTC

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment that would set the number of Supreme Court justices at nine. It would change the Constitution to require this fixed size, affecting how the Court is staffed and potentially influencing future decisions about Court composition. The amendment would only take effect after the required congressional approval and ratification by the states.

Key Provisions

  • Adds a new amendment stating that the Supreme Court must have nine justices.
  • Requires the amendment to be approved by a two‑thirds vote in both the House and Senate.
  • Specifies that the amendment becomes part of the Constitution only after ratification by the legislatures of three‑fourths of the states within seven years.

Legislative Activity

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HouseIntro Referral Latest Action

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

January 22, 2025

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HouseIntro Referral

Introduced in House

January 22, 2025

HouseIntro Referral

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

January 22, 2025

Bill Text

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Introduced in HouseIssued January 22, 2025

IA

119th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. J. RES. 28

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

January 22, 2025

Mr. Johnson of South Dakota (for himself, Mr. Webster of Florida, Mr. Fleischmann, Mr. Estes, Ms. Tenney, Mr. Hudson, Mr. Balderson, Mr. Dunn of Florida, Ms. Foxx, Mr. Rose, Mr. Bacon, Mr. Biggs of Arizona, Ms. Van Duyne, Mr. Feenstra, Mr. Harrigan, Mr. Austin Scott of Georgia, Mrs. Cammack, Mr. Crenshaw, Mr. Finstad, Mr. Fulcher, Ms. Hageman, Mr. Rouzer, Mr. Zinke, Mr. Yakym, Mr. Guest, Mr. Moolenaar, Mrs. Fischbach, Mr. Rutherford, Mr. Moran, Mr. Buchanan, Ms. Letlow, Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania, Ms. Malliotakis, Mrs. Houchin, Mr. Fry, Mr. Ezell, Mr. Ogles, Mr. Ciscomani, Mr. Weber of Texas, Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Jackson of Texas, Mr. Mann, Mr. Issa, Ms. Salazar, Mr. Amodei of Nevada, Mrs. Harshbarger, Mr. Perry, Mr. Huizenga, Ms. De La Cruz, Mr. Timmons, Mr. Alford, Mr. Massie, Mr. Kelly of Mississippi, Mr. Scott Franklin of Florida, Mr. Aderholt, Mr. Sessions, Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Mr. Flood, Mr. Wilson of South Carolina, Mr. Garbarino, Mr. Donalds, Mr. Grothman, Mrs. Bice, Mr. LaLota, Mr. Moore of Alabama, Mr. Calvert, Mr. Hill of Arkansas, Mr. Guthrie, Mrs. Miller of Illinois, Mr. Smith of Nebraska, Mr. Lawler, Mr. Miller of Ohio, and Mr. Schmidt) submitted the following joint resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

JOINT RESOLUTION

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification:

The Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of nine justices.

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