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S. 3336Senate119th Congress (2025-2027)In Committee

Reliable Artificial Intelligence Research Act of 2025

Sponsored by Margaret Wood HassanSen. Margaret Wood Hassan (D-NH)
Introduced December 3, 2025

AI-Generated Summary

Updated October 5, 2026 at 5:30 PM UTC

The Reliable Artificial Intelligence Research Act of 2025 directs the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to organize prize competitions that advance two key areas of AI safety: interpretability (making AI decisions understandable) and adversarial robustness (protecting AI from malicious attacks). The competitions must be launched within 270 days of the law’s enactment and focus on AI products used widely in commerce or high‑risk government and industry settings. DHS must consult with other federal agencies and AI experts, report the results to Congress, and is funded with $10 million for fiscal years 2026‑2030.

Key Provisions

  • DHS must hold at least one prize competition for AI interpretability and one for AI adversarial robustness, each started within 270 days of enactment.
  • The Secretary must consult with the Secretaries of Commerce, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Cyber Director, the National Science Foundation, and relevant industry experts when designing the competitions.
  • Competitions can be structured in multiple phases (e.g., framework submissions, model submissions, red‑team testing) and may involve separate or combined contestant pools.
  • Evaluation criteria must consider how submissions advance broadly applicable principles, practical value for high‑risk use cases, and potential to create standards for government or industry.
  • Within 180 days after the first competition ends, DHS must report to the Senate and House Homeland Security committees on findings, gaps, and recommended congressional actions.
  • The law authorizes $10 million in funding for DHS to run these competitions from FY 2026 through FY 2030.

Legislative Activity

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SenateIntro Referral Latest Action

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee

December 3, 2025

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SenateIntro Referral

Introduced in Senate

December 3, 2025

SenateIntro Referral

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee

December 3, 2025

Bill Text

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Introduced in SenateIssued December 3, 2025

II

119th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. 3336

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

December 3, 2025

Ms. Hassan (for herself and Mr. Banks) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

A BILL

To require the Secretary of Homeland Security to carry out prize competitions to advance the science of interpretability and to develop adversarial robustness with respect to artificial intelligence products, and for other purposes.

1.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Reliable Artificial Intelligence Research Act of 2025.

2.

Definitions

In this Act:

(1)

Adversarial robustness

The term adversarial robustness means the degree to which an artificial intelligence model is able to resist attacks that would induce it to produce incorrect, restricted, or harmful outputs, while maintaining integrity, reliability, and privacy.

(2)

Artificial intelligence

The term artificial intelligence has the meaning given the term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).

(3)

Interpretability

The term interpretability means the degree to which humans are able to accurately understand how an artificial intelligence model makes decisions and considers inputs and how the outputs or behaviors of the model respond to a change in the inputs.

(4)

Red-teaming

The term red-teaming means a structured, interactive, and adversarial process to test an artificial intelligence system by simulating real-world actions to find vulnerabilities or flaws in the system.

(5)

Secretary

The term Secretary means the Secretary of Homeland Security.

3.

Prize competition for artificial intelligence interpretability research

(a)

Prize competition required

Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall commence carrying out at least 1 prize competition under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719) to advance the science of interpretability in a manner relevant to commercially available or widely used artificial intelligence products.

(b)

Consultation

In carrying out the prize competition required by subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult with—

(1)

the Secretary of Commerce;

(2)

the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology;

(3)

the National Cyber Director;

(4)

the Director of the National Science Foundation; and

(5)

any industry expert from the artificial intelligence sector in the United States that the Secretary considers relevant.

(c)

Structure and evaluation criteria

(1)

In general

The Secretary shall develop the structure and evaluation criteria for a prize competition carried out under subsection (a) in accordance with the primary purpose described in that subsection.

(2)

Competition structure

The Secretary may—

(A)

structure a competition under subsection (a) into 1 or more phases, including submission of interpretability frameworks, submission of interpretable artificial intelligence models, and unique basic research; and

(B)

open these phases to the same, or to distinct, contestant pools.

(3)

Evaluation considerations

In developing the evaluation criteria for the frameworks, models, or methods submitted for a prize competition under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider—

(A)

the degree to which a submission advances broadly applicable principles of artificial intelligence interpretability;

(B)

the practical value of a submission in making artificial intelligence more understandable and reliable in high-risk, high-value use cases; and

(C)

the likelihood that the unique research submitted will create standards for artificial intelligence interpretability in the government or industry.

(d)

Program administration

The Secretary may enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, or other agreements with for-profit or nonprofit entities or State, territorial, local, or Tribal agencies to design and administer any prize competition carried out under subsection (a).

4.

Prize competition for artificial intelligence adversarial robustness research

(a)

Prize competition required

Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall commence carrying out at least 1 prize competition under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719) to develop capable artificial intelligence models that are designed to exhibit adversarial robustness in circumstances necessary for at least 1 high-impact, high-risk application in government or industry.

(b)

Consultation

In carrying out a prize competition required by subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult with—

(1)

the Secretary of Commerce;

(2)

the Director of the Institute of Standards and Technology;

(3)

the National Cyber Director;

(4)

the Director of the National Science Foundation;

(5)

any industry expert from the artificial intelligence sector in the United States that the Secretary considers relevant; and

(6)

the head of any Federal agency who has authority or expertise in a high-impact, high-risk application of artificial intelligence that could be an appropriate subject for a prize competition under subsection (a).

(c)

Structure and evaluation criteria

(1)

In general

The Secretary shall develop the structure and evaluation criteria for a prize competition carried out under subsection (a) in accordance with the primary purpose described in that subsection.

(2)

Competition structure

The Secretary may—

(A)

structure a competition under subsection (a) into 1 or more phases, including submission of adversarial robustness frameworks, submission of artificial intelligence models, and red-teaming; and

(B)

open these phases to the same, or to distinct, contestant pools.

(3)

Evaluation considerations

In developing the evaluation criteria for the frameworks, models, or methods submitted for a prize competition under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider—

(A)

the degree to which a submission advances broadly applicable principles of artificial intelligence robustness; and

(B)

the practical value of the submission in reducing the risk of adversarial attacks in high-risk, high-value use cases of artificial intelligence.

(d)

Program administration

The Secretary may enter into contracts, cooperative agreements, or other agreements with for-profit or nonprofit entities or State, territorial, local, or Tribal agencies to design and administer any prize competition carried out under subsection (a).

5.

Tracking and reporting

(a)

In general

Not later than 180 days after the date on which the first prize competition concludes, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes—

(1)

an evaluation of how the results of the competitions inform the fields of interpretability and adversarial robustness;

(2)

an assessment of any gaps in these fields identified by the Secretary over the course of the competitions; and

(3)

any suggested action that Congress should take to advance the fields of interpretability, adversarial robustness, and any related research.

(b)

Appropriate congressional committees defined

In this section, the term appropriate congressional committees means—

(1)

the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

(2)

the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives.

6.

Appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.