Mr. President, this past Friday, December 1, we marked the 35th anniversary of World AIDS Day. World AIDS Day serves as a reminder of the global struggle to end AIDS, an opportunity to honor those we have lost while supporting those who…
Mr. President, this past Friday, December 1, we marked the 35th anniversary of World AIDS Day. World AIDS Day serves as a reminder of the global struggle to end AIDS, an opportunity to honor those we have lost while supporting those who are living with or at risk of the HIV virus, and as a unifying call to continue working toward a day when HIV is no longer stigmatized or a public health threat.
Thirty-five years ago this year, World AIDS Day was established, marking the first international day for global health. Since then, World AIDS Day has adopted targeted themes to raise awareness and encourage international cooperation. This year's theme in the United States, ``Remember and Commit,'' focuses on paying tribute to those we have lost to HIV/AIDS, emphasizing our collective responsibility to act. Through remembrance, we draw strength and determination to redouble our efforts in fighting this global crisis and support those living with HIV both here and abroad. The 2023 campaign reminds us that each one of us can make a difference while promoting the importance of compassion, empathy, and solidarity in the face of adversity. And it reminds us that as citizens of the world, the United States must continue to provide a helping hand to countries less fortunate than ours in bringing an end to the AIDS pandemic.
Since the first cases of AIDS were reported in the U.S. in June 1981, more than 700,000 people in the U.S. have died from HIV-related illnesses. In 2021, over 36,000 people were diagnosed with HIV in the U.S., and more than 1.1 million people in our country are currently living with this virus, with
many more at risk of HIV infection. In 2021, there were 32,100 estimated new HIV infections in the U.S. My home State of Maryland is not immune; during 2022, 751 Marylanders over 13 years old were newly diagnosed with HIV, and over 31,000 Marylanders were living with the disease.
Recent data show that minority populations continue to remain disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. In 2021, Black Americans accounted for 40 percent of HIV diagnoses, while Hispanic/Latino Americans accounted for 29 percent of HIV diagnoses. We must work harder to address persistent health inequities and end the disparities in access to prevention, care, and treatment.
World AIDS Day reminds us that HIV is not just a medical issue. It is a human rights issue. Criminalization, discrimination, and social stigmas continue to impact the most vulnerable populations across the globe. In sub-Saharan Africa, where the United States proudly invests the majority of our global HIV spending, violence and discrimination against women and girls continues to fuel the epidemic. Children who are orphaned or otherwise affected by HIV face a range of challenges from child labor, to the worst forms of exploitation.
Fortunately, thanks to scientific advances, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration--FDA--has now approved more than 30 medicines to treat HIV infection, including the new class of antiretroviral drugs, which have transformed HIV from a death sentence to a chronic but manageable disease. They help extend and stabilize the lives of those living with HIV while also dramatically reducing the risk of HIV transmission. This makes it all the more imperative that all people who need HIV treatment have access to it.
We are fortunate to have premier scientific research institutes within my home State of Maryland working together to combat this deadly virus, including the National Institutes of Health--NIH--the Walter Reed Army Institute of Infectious Disease Research, the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland, and Johns Hopkins University. Not only have these organizations substantially led scientific advancements with respect to HIV/AIDS, they have also played an important role in reducing the number of new cases among Marylanders and affording those living with HIV the opportunity to continue living full lives.
As a result, Maryland has reached significant milestones in reducing HIV case numbers; my State went from ranking seventh among all the U.S. States and territories to 12th in 2 years. Baltimore City, Montgomery County, and Prince George's County have been participants in the Department of Health and Human Services--HHS--Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. Program, which is working to reduce new HIV transmissions by 75 percent by 2025 and by 90 percent by 2030. This multi-year program will infuse 48 counties; Washington, DC; San Juan, PR; and seven States that have a substantial rural HIV burden with the additional expertise, technology, and resources they need to reduce transmission. Public health initiatives the Maryland Department of Health has implemented--including safer-sex education programs, free HIV self-tests, condom distribution, and access to prophylactic medication--have been instrumental in reducing new infections. Additionally, city and county needle exchange programs have broadened efforts to reduce the circulation of used syringes, provide testing for infectious diseases such as HIV, and extend resources for the treatment of substance use disorders.
Thanks to the Affordable Care Act--ACA--Americans diagnosed with HIV or at risk of transmission have more meaningful access to healthcare coverage and health insurance. Today, Americans cannot be dropped or denied coverage because of preexisting health conditions such as asthma, cancer, HIV, or COVID-19. The ACA also gives States the option to expand Medicaid, the largest payer for those who need HIV treatment in the country, and so far, 41 States have expanded Medicaid coverage. I look forward to seeing the remaining States join this list.
The ACA has also established new standards and essential benefits that certain health plans must cover. Benefits such as prescription drug services, hospital inpatient care, lab tests, HIV screening, preexposure prophylaxis or PrEP, and other preventive services aim to preserve the health of those with HIV while mitigating further transmission. Under the ACA, most health insurance plans must provide preventive services, including HIV testing for those aged 15 to 65, as well as PrEP for HIV-negative adults at high risk of HIV infection. I am proud to have served as a cosponsor of the PrEP Access and Coverage Act, which would expand access to PrEP and work to reduce the existing disparities in access. Legislation like this is especially important in light of recent threats to PrEP access, such as a Texas judge's ruling in Braidwood Management v. Becerra, a decision which has the potential to result in thousands of unnecessary HIV infections.
I commend the Biden-Harris administration for publishing the National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States (2022-2025) to provide a roadmap to accelerate efforts to end the HIV epidemic in our country by 2030. These are bold targets facilitated by the White House's Office of National AIDS Policy, ONAP. The Strategy builds on our country's progress and lessons learned from the prior national strategies and seeks to leverage new tools and opportunities to address the challenges that remain. I share President Biden's determination to address the disproportionate impact of the epidemic on marginalized populations like the LGBTQI+ community and racial and ethnic minorities.
We must remember, however, that HIV remains a grave public health challenge around the world. In 2022, 39 million people lived with HIV globally. Last year, roughly 630,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses. Only 57 percent of children aged 14 and younger had access to treatment in 2022, compared to 77 percent of those aged 15 and over. We must redouble our efforts to close this gap and guarantee lifesaving HIV treatment to all who need it and to prevent more HIV infections. And it can be done.
This year, President Biden commemorated the 20th anniversary of the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief--PEPFAR--honoring the 25 million lives that have been saved worldwide in the fight to end HIV/AIDS as a public health crisis. Since its inception in 2003, the PEPFAR program has changed the trajectory of the HIV epidemic around the globe, representing an extraordinary commitment to global health, aiming to prevent, diagnose, and treat HIV infections. Over nearly 20 years, five mission babies have been born AIDS free, 7 million orphans have been supported, and 20 million people are on lifesaving treatment medications. PEPFAR has also demonstrated the value of strong health systems in managing and anticipating other pandemics. Much of the staff, infrastructure, and technology that was developed through PEPFAR proved instrumental in the COVID-19 response in countries that would otherwise not have the capacity to deliver treatment and vaccines. But we have not crossed the finish line yet. The next 5 years are critical to meet the goal of ending the global HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030. The U.S. must continue to show global health leadership and facilitate cooperation with our foreign partners and allies.
We must continue to invest in the communities and local leaders that know their own health needs best. All people, regardless of age, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, religion, disability, geographic location, or socioeconomic circumstance, should have access to prevention, treatment, and care. International partners, academic partners, faith-based organizations, and civil society are counting on us to continue our support for their long-held efforts to ending AIDS. This is why I call on my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to once again step forward in faith and courage and join together to secure PEPFAR's reauthorization.
Most importantly, I want to recognize those living with HIV/AIDS across the globe. Your demand for dignity and access to healthcare has shown us what is possible when the world works together to fight a public health scourge, and in accordance with that spirit, we will prevail in doing so. We must recommit ourselves to continuing this
fight because success is within our reach.