First of all, I would like to thank Chairman Gordon, also Ranking Member Hall, members of the committee, and our staff for helping to move this very important bill forward. Mr. Chairman, the United States has some of the best solar…
First of all, I would like to thank Chairman Gordon, also Ranking Member Hall, members of the committee, and our staff for helping to move this very important bill forward.
Mr. Chairman, the United States has some of the best solar resources of any industrialized country in the world--enough power, in fact, to power the entire country several times over.
These resources aren't unique or limited to the American Southwest. It turns out that our friends up north in the State of Alaska have about the same amount of solar resource energy as has the country of Germany. Yet, in 2006, Germany installed about seven times more solar power than we did here in the United States. Major companies in Europe and in China have been very aggressive over the last several years in building up their manufacturing capacities and in competing internationally to meet demand.
If our policies and innovation models for solar energy don't change, the United States is simply going to transition from importing foreign oil to importing foreign panels.
This country actually invented the first photovoltaic technologies, and we still have some of the smartest, most talented people in the world working to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of solar cells today; but in order to use our precious research dollars as effectively as possible, these people--these patriots--need a serious road map. That's why I am so pleased to offer this bill today.
After many substantive discussions with a wide range of industry and academic leaders, as well as with the Department of Energy, I believe there is a lot that the solar industry can learn from the experience of our national semiconductor industry.
Twenty years ago, the United States was in danger of losing its semiconductor industry to Japan. In response, the industry created the technology road map for semiconductors. The focus of this initiative was to develop a road map to guide research and development efforts across the entire industry. By increasing communications between the diverse members of the supply chain, our American semiconductor industry was able to develop standards and to avoid the duplication of research efforts. These organized coordination efforts gave rise to the U.S. semiconductor giants like Intel and AMD, and the U.S. currently continues to lead the world in semiconductor development.
Today's solar researchers in the United States find themselves in a very similar situation. To maintain a competitive advantage, they must come together to meet their common, precompetitive goals, whether in simulation activities, in developing new materials, in energy storage, in power, in grid management or even in weather forecasting.
This bill would require the Department of Energy to engage diverse stakeholders in the solar community and to work across programs to create a comprehensive plan, a road map, to guide funding for the research needed to make the U.S. the global leader for solar innovation. The road map would be required to identify short-, medium- and long-term goals, and it would make recommendations on how to channel R&D resources to meet these goals. The bill would make the Department of Energy more responsive to our solar industry's needs, and it would encourage the needed collaboration and communication across technologies with well-vetted strategies.
I would like to thank my colleagues on both sides of the aisle for their contributions that have made this bill a better bill. In fact, about 25 of the 28 changes in our manager's amendment in the Science Committee were suggested or requested by the minority. I also look forward to supporting several good amendments offered by my colleagues today. Another sign of the time and effort put together by so many were the endorsements. Chairman Gordon talked about that.
I would like to remind members that the National Association of Manufacturers, the United States Chamber of Commerce, SEIA--the Solar Energy Industries Association--IBM, Intel, BP, and National Semiconductor are all behind this piece of legislation.
Mr. Chairman, the United States has an opportunity to be the leading developer and exporter of clean solar technologies in the coming years and decades. This bipartisan bill is designed to advance that goal, and I strongly urge my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to support it.
Mr. Chairman, I would like to respond to some of the concerns that are addressed in Mr. Broun's amendment.
Mr. Broun's amendment would freeze the authorization level for solar R&D at $250 million per year, the same level last authorized for fiscal year 2009 in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. And note that at this funding level, it would almost be completely impossible to carry out the tasks of the robust demonstration program in this bill, in addition to the critical research that is required through the road map committee.
But I frankly believe that the best justification for the proposed authorizations in this bill comes from taking a look backward in time at the historical levels of investment in energy R&D in this country.
Mr. Chairman, between 1978 and fiscal year 2007, the United States Government spent $30 billion on R&D for nuclear energy alone. We spent another $24 billion on fossil fuel research. During that same time, however, we spent less than $6.5 billion on solar energy. And more than half of that research was performed prior to 1985.
Now, maybe some people thing these disparities are appropriate. Maybe they think that solar does not merit the same levels of investment because it is not able to provide as much energy as those technologies. However, looking at the research and where we are with the technology today, that is simply false.
Our solar resources are absolutely vast in scale, and they are capable of making a significant contribution to our energy needs. Using technology available today, solar power could meet the electricity demands of the entire United States on a square piece of land 100 by 100 miles, or 10,000 square acres. That is just one-quarter of the land currently covered by artificial lakes behind hydroelectric dams, which provide less than 7 percent of our Nation's electricity.
Scott Stephens, an engineer with the Solar Energy Technology Program at the Department of Energy, recently stated publicly that with the right incentives, solar power has the potential to provide 20 percent of America's electricity needs by 2030. That's equal to the amount of power currently provided by nuclear power plants. Yet to date, we have spent just one-tenth the resources developing solar technologies than we have spent in developing nuclear power. In the last 30 years, we have spent four times more money developing coal technology than solar, and burning coal is a technology that was developed 150 years ago.
At the end of the term covered by my bill, it would authorize $550 million to solar R&D. At the peak of the energy crisis in the 1970s, we spent $3 billion a year on nuclear power development and $1.8 billion on fossil fuels, using 2007 dollars.
Let me be clear. I fully support having strong research programs in other types of energy, whether it's nuclear or coal and a variety of other important energy options. The funding levels in this bill just recognize and help us properly take advantage of the enormous solar resources that we have in the United States.
To properly take advantage of the enormous solar resources we have in the United States, and the potential to accelerate new clean energy for our economy, it is time for our investment to match the scale of opportunity. In fiscal year 2011, the Solar Technology Roadmap would authorize $350 million, which is only about 6 percent of today's energy R&D budget.