Mr. Chairman, I rise today to compliment both Chairman Baker and Chairman Oxley for their work in order to put together a bill that the main purpose which is to regulate and strengthen the regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. If…
Mr. Chairman, I rise today to compliment both Chairman Baker and Chairman Oxley for their work in order to put together a bill that the main purpose which is to regulate and strengthen the regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
If anyone here questions the need for additional remedies such as regulations, all we have to do is look at a brief history going back a couple of years of these two entities.
Back in January of 2003, Freddie Mac issued a press release and stated it will issue an unaudited statement of earnings for the year 2002 and restate accounting results for prior years.
November of the next year, November 2003, Freddie issues a restatement of past accounting results for the year 2000, 2001, 2002, and revises its net earnings upwards by $4.4 billion that they were off in their records.
September of 2004, OFHEO makes public a report highly critical of accounting methods of Fannie Mae. November of 2004, Fannie announces that it is unable again to file a third-quarter earning statement because its auditor, KPMG, refused to sign off on the accounting results.
December of 2004, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the SEC, issues a statement supporting OFHEO's report and orders Fannie to restate its financial results. Again, in December of 2004, the Fannie CEO Franklin Raines and CFO Tim Howard have to resign from those entities.
Finally, in June of 2005, after 3 years, finally Freddie issues its first audited annual report since the year 2002. And now we are here in October, and we look back about a week or so ago, and press reports are out again suggesting that investigators have uncovered again new accounting violations of Fannie Mae, possibly including overvalued assets, underreported credit losses, and misused tax credits.
Mr. Chairman, if there was ever a need of entities that need additional regulation, it is Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. If there are ever two entities that need to be limited in their size, it is these two entities. If there were every two entities that need not grow, it is these two entities. I applaud the chairmen for their work to regulate them.
Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of this legislation, which strengthens the language with regard to portfolios and GSEs.
The GSEs claim that they are shock absorbers in the system. One of the main reasons that Fannie and Freddie claim they should not have their portfolios limited is that they provide a stable means of support for the residential finance markets at times of crisis.
Fannie's CEO, Dan Mudd, testified that ``our mortgage portfolio allows us to play a shock-absorbing function for the finance system during times of potential difficulty.''
This week, Freddie's president, Eugene McQuade, was quoted as saying that the enterprises provided a source of stability to the mortgage finance market after the September 11 terrorist attacks.
This is a nice thought, Mr. Chairman. However, their statements are not true.
If you look at Fannie's purchases for its portfolio during every month of 2001, you will notice that its purchases in September of 2001, of that year, were the lowest level of anytime during that year.
Fannie might argue that they acted as a shock absorber not by buying mortgages and MBS, but by committing to buy in succeeding months.
Mr. Chairman, I will conclude by saying that we should support these significant portfolio limitations in order to make sure that GSEs are able to be reined in and not become what they have said they are and go out of their range of portfolio.
Madam Chairman, I offer an amendment.
Madam Chairman, I yield myself 2 minutes.
My amendment would strike the language in the bill that raises the conforming loan limits for certain parts of the United States. H.R. 1461 would raise by 50 percent the maximum size mortgage Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could buy.
This language hurts the very basic functions of GSEs to provide liquidity and help lower-income home buyers.
While the GSEs are chartered to operate in every district across the country, their effectiveness in serving low-income borrowers has been seriously hindered because they focus instead on bigger and bigger loans to higher and higher-income borrowers. Presently, Fannie and Freddie can buy first mortgages on single-family houses up to $359,000. That limit is the so-called ``conforming loan limit,'' and it rises every year. Next year it will go up to $400,000. But with the bill now, it will go up to $600,000 in 2006. A home buyer would need an income of almost $200,000 to buy that home. Is that what Fannie Mae was intended to help?
According to a study by the Federal Reserve published last January, the interest rate difference between a conforming loan and a jumbo loan fluctuates between .15 percent and .18 percent, most of which is pure profit for Fannie Mae. Based on the current interest rate environment, this means at best Fannie is going to lower monthly costs by simply $60 for someone buying that $200,000 loan who is now paying $3,300 or so a month in mortgage payments.
The problem for Fannie is this extension into jumbo loans for higher- income families and forgetting about
their mission to help lower-income families comes with a an added price, a risk to their balance sheets.
Chairman Greenspan and Secretary Snow have consistently raised their concerns about the systemic risks that the size of Fannie and Freddie's portfolios pose to our Nation's housing market. And if we allow them now to participate in the jumbo loan market as well, they will only continue to further exacerbate this dire situation.
We should ask, why was it even proposed that Fannie get this added power to help high-income home buyers? Was there a problem that needed to be fixed? No such evidence was ever presented at any of the committee hearings.
The private sector has adequate sources of funding for loans that are above the conforming limits. An active private secondary market for larger mortgage loans that did not exist when the enterprises were set up is now active to supplement these sources of funding, and allowing Fannie to take on higher costs in jumbo loans only takes valuable time and resources away from their enterprises.
Madam Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
Madam Chairman, I yield myself 1 minute.
We must remember what the original focus of the GSEs was when they were initially chartered by this Congress, they were to do two things, and that is to provide liquidity to the marketplace and also to help provide for facilitating low-income buyers coming into the marketplace.
It is already set up in the law that the amount that GSEs can lend can go up every year. As it is right now, it stands at $359,000. It is set to go up to $400,000 for next year, in 2006. As the bill was amended in committee, it comes out now that that will go up by 50 percent.
I ask the question, how would we define somebody who is about to buy a $600,000 home? That individual would have to be making an income of around $200,000. Even if they are firemen, policemen, teachers, who have you, they would still need an income of $200,000 in order to buy a home at $600,000.
That was not the intent of GSEs. The intent was to help the low- income market to get their homes. By allowing the GSEs to get into this market, what we are doing is distracting them from their purpose and hurting those very people that they were intended to help: low-income people, whether they are in New Jersey or California or other high- interest-rate States, to be able to buy their first time.
Madam Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
Madam Chairman, I yield myself 20 seconds.
Madam Chairman, the assertion that this would be devastating to the market runs contrary to the facts before the committee. There was no evidence whatsoever presented to the committee to say that the system in place in States such as New Jersey or California or elsewhere are in need of GSEs to come in to increase their conforming limits by 50 percent. There is already an additional market out there that allows for people to buy jumbo loans; and there are a number of different variations, adjustable rate loans, that allow people who are in the upper brackets and making $200,000 to be able to afford and to buy these mortgages.
Madam Chairman, I yield myself the balance of my time.
Madam Chairman, as stated, the purpose of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the GSEs, was to provide liquidity difficult to the market and allow first-time homeowners to get into the market in the first place. However, we want to define who those people are, and I think some things we can agree on: those people who are making $200,000 and who want to expand and go up to larger houses should not be the ones that we define as lower-income individuals.
The statistics also show that came before our committee that even if we put this into place, the differential on mortgage rates would account for around $60 to $70 per mortgage. So if you are buying that $600,000 house and paying $3,000 or $3,300 a month, even if this bill were to pass, you would only see your savings of around $60 or $70.
I think the focus of Congress should be what it was when Fannie and Freddie were first set up, and that is to help those people get into their very first home. We can do that best by limiting their function to what it was prior to this amendment in the committee, and that is to focus on first-time home buyers in every State of the Union to be able to buy that first home, people of low and modest means who need the assistance of a government-backed program such as Fannie and Freddie to be able to know that there is a program there that allows them to get into that loan.
We can allow the other market, which is already in place, which has been functioning properly, where there is no evidence whatsoever to come before our committee that says there was a need to expand in this area, to continue to provide the financing for people who are at the upper-income levels of $200,000 and the like to be able to buy those homes.
Madam Chairman, I believe the best thing in mind is to make sure we remain in place the system that allows first-time home buyers the ability to get into their homes. By voting ``yes'' on this amendment, we be will be able to do that.
Madam Chairman, I demand a recorded vote.