H.R. 1236House116th Congress (2019-2021)In Committee

Extreme Risk Protection Order Act of 2019

Introduced February 14, 2019

AI-Generated Summary

Updated April 14, 2026 at 2:13 AM UTC

The Extreme Risk Protection Order Act of 2019 encourages states, tribes, and localities to adopt laws that let courts temporarily remove firearms from people who pose a danger to themselves or others. It provides federal grants for training, protocol development, and public outreach, and it amends federal gun‑possession laws to treat those under an ERPO as prohibited persons. The bill also ensures that ERPOs are recognized and enforceable across state and tribal lines.

Key Provisions

  • Creates a DOJ grant program to help states, tribes, and local governments develop and enforce extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs), with at least 25% of funds used for law‑enforcement training.
  • Defines an ERPO as a court order that can prohibit a person from possessing, purchasing, or receiving a firearm, or require surrender of firearms they already have.
  • Requires any state or tribal law adopting ERPOs to include: a petition process (any authorized person, including law‑enforcement officers, can file), written notice to the named individual, a hearing within 30 days, and a standard of proof by a preponderance of the evidence.
  • Allows courts to issue short‑term (up to 30‑day) ex‑parte orders when there is immediate danger, with the possibility of renewal.
  • Mandates that firearms removed under an ERPO be stored securely by law‑enforcement or a licensed contractor until the individual is no longer prohibited.
  • Requires courts to notify the DOJ (or comparable tribal agency) of each ERPO so it can be entered into the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, while keeping personal information confidential.
  • Amends 18 U.S.C. § 922 to add a new prohibited‑person category for anyone subject to an ERPO that meets due‑process requirements.
  • Ensures that an ERPO issued in one state or tribe is given full faith and credit and can be enforced in any other state or tribe.
  • Updates related statutes (NICS Improvement Amendments Act) to reflect the new prohibited‑person category.

Legislative Activity

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5 earlier actions
HouseCommittee Latest Action

Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 22 - 16.

September 10, 2019

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HouseIntro Referral

Introduced in House

February 14, 2019

HouseIntro Referral

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

February 14, 2019

HouseCommittee

Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security.

March 25, 2019

HouseCommittee

Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security Discharged.

September 10, 2019

HouseCommittee

Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.

September 10, 2019

HouseCommittee

Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 22 - 16.

September 10, 2019

Floor Debate

10 members

What members said about H.R. 1236 on the floor

6 Republicans4 Democrats
John H. Rutherford
Rep. John H. RutherfordR-FL-4 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members have 5 legislative days to revise and extend their remarks and include extraneous material on the topic of this Special Order. Madam Speaker,…

Don Bacon
Rep. Don BaconR-NE-2 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I thank Mr. Rutherford, a great friend and colleague, for yielding. Madam Speaker, I rise to recognize a bipartisan issue that threatens the safety of our law enforcement officers and…

Katie Hill
Rep. Katie HillD-CA-25 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I want to thank my colleague from Florida for joining forces with me this evening to host this bipartisan Special Order hour in honor of National Police Week. As you are about to see,…

Josh Gottheimer
Rep. Josh GottheimerD-NJ-5 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I want to thank Congressman Rutherford, my good friend, and Congresswoman Hill of California for co-hosting this bipartisan Special Order hour in honor of our law enforcement officers.…

Abigail Davis Spanberger
Rep. Abigail Davis SpanbergerD-VA-7 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I got my deployment declassified. It is. Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman so much for the opportunity to stand here in solidarity with our colleagues across the aisle in honor of…

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Pete Stauber
Rep. Pete StauberR-MN-8 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I thank Congressman Rutherford for yielding to me to speak today. This week is Police Week, a time to honor our brothers and sisters in the blue and brown. Every day law enforcement…

Clay Higgins
Rep. Clay HigginsR-LA-3 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I rise today to recognize American men and women who put on a badge every day, men and women of every color and creed, ethnicity, heritage, and background, of varied ideology and…

Bryan Steil
Rep. Bryan SteilR-WI-1 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I appreciate Mr. Rutherford putting together tonight's Special Order. Madam Speaker, I rise to recognize Racine County Sheriff Deputy Eric Schneider for his heroic actions on March 18.…

Xochitl Torres Small
Rep. Xochitl Torres SmallD-NM-2 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, it is an honor to join my colleagues on both sides of the aisle as Americans to address this issue and to recognize National Police Week, to support the brave men and women who protect…

Ben Cline
Rep. Ben ClineR-VA-6 · May 16, 2019

Madam Speaker, I thank Congressman Rutherford for yielding and putting together this event this evening. Madam Speaker, I rise today to honor the men and women in law enforcement who serve our…

Bill Text

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Introduced in HouseIssued February 14, 2019

I

116th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. R. 1236

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

February 14, 2019

Mr. Carbajal (for himself, Mr. Fitzpatrick, Mr. Beyer, Mr. Deutch, and Ms. Brownley of California) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

A BILL

To support State, Tribal, and local efforts to remove access to firearms from individuals who are a danger to themselves or others pursuant to court orders for this purpose.

1.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Extreme Risk Protection Order Act of 2019.

2.

Definitions

In this Act:

(1)

Eligible entity

The term eligible entity means—

(A)

a State or Indian Tribe—

(i)

that enacts legislation described in section 4;

(ii)

with respect to which the Attorney General determines that the legislation described in clause (i) complies with the requirements of section 4; and

(iii)

that certifies to the Attorney General that the State or Indian Tribe shall—

(I)

use the grant for the purposes described in section 3(b); and

(II)

allocate not less than 25 percent of the amount received under a grant under section 3 for training for law enforcement; or

(B)

a unit of local government or other public or private entity that—

(i)

is located in a State or in the territory under the jurisdiction of an Indian Tribe that meets the requirements described in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) of subparagraph (A); and

(ii)

certifies to the Attorney General that the unit of local government or entity shall—

(I)

use the grant for the purposes described in section 3(b); and

(II)

allocate not less than 25 percent of the amount received under a grant under section 3 for training for law enforcement.

(2)

Extreme risk protection order

The term extreme risk protection order means a written order or warrant, issued by a State or Tribal court or signed by a magistrate (or other comparable judicial officer), the primary purpose of which is to reduce the risk of firearm-related death or injury by doing one or more of the following:

(A)

Prohibiting a named individual from having under the custody or control of the individual, owning, purchasing, possessing, or receiving a firearm.

(B)

Having a firearm removed or requiring the surrender of firearms from a named individual.

(3)

Firearm

The term firearm has the meaning given the term in section 921 of title 18, United States Code.

(4)

Indian Tribe

The term Indian Tribe has the meaning given the term Indian tribe in section 1709 of the Public Safety and Community Policing Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 10389).

(5)

Law enforcement officer

The term law enforcement officer means a public servant authorized by State, local, or Tribal law or by a State, local, or Tribal government agency to—

(A)

engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of an offense; or

(B)

supervise sentenced criminal offenders.

(6)

Petitioner

The term petitioner means an individual authorized under State or Tribal law to petition for an extreme risk protection order.

(7)

State

The term State means—

(A)

a State;

(B)

the District of Columbia;

(C)

the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and

(D)

any other territory or possession of the United States.

(8)

Unit of local government

The term unit of local government has the meaning given the term in section 901 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10251).

3.

Extreme Risk Protection Grant Program

(a)

In general

The Director of the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services of the Department of Justice shall establish a program under which, from amounts made available to carry out this section, the Director may make grants to eligible entities to assist in carrying out the provisions of the legislation described in section 4.

(b)

Use of funds

Funds awarded under this section may be used by an applicant to—

(1)

enhance the capacity of law enforcement agencies and the courts of a State, unit of local government, or Indian Tribe by providing personnel, training, technical assistance, data collection, and other resources to carry out legislation described in section 4;

(2)

train judges, court personnel, and law enforcement officers to more accurately identify individuals whose access to firearms poses a danger of causing harm to themselves or others by increasing the risk of firearms suicide or interpersonal violence;

(3)

develop and implement law enforcement and court protocols, forms, and orders so that law enforcement agencies and the courts may carry out the provisions of the legislation described in section 4 in a safe and effective manner, including through the removal and storage of firearms pursuant to extreme risk protection orders under the legislation; and

(4)

raise public awareness and understanding of the legislation described in section 4 so that extreme risk protection orders may be issued in appropriate situations to reduce the risk of firearms-related death and injury.

(c)

Application

An eligible entity desiring a grant under this section shall submit to the Attorney General an application at such time, in such manner, and containing or accompanied by such information as the Attorney General may reasonably require.

(d)

Incentives

For each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024, the Attorney General shall give affirmative preference in awarding any discretionary grant awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance to a State or Indian Tribe that has enacted legislation described in section 4.

(e)

Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

4.

National extreme risk protection order law

(a)

Requirements

Legislation described in this section is legislation that establishes requirements that are substantially similar to the following:

(1)

Application for extreme risk protection order

A petitioner, including a law enforcement officer, may submit an application to a State or Tribal court, on a form designed by the court or a State or Tribal agency, that—

(A)

describes the facts and circumstances justifying that an extreme risk protection order be issued against the named individual; and

(B)

is signed by the applicant, under oath.

(2)

Notice

The individual named in an application for an extreme risk protection order as described in paragraph (1) shall be given written notice of the application and an opportunity to be heard on the matter in accordance with this section.

(3)

Issuance of extreme risk protection orders

(A)

Hearing

(i)

In general

Upon receipt of an application described in paragraph (1), the court shall order a hearing to be held not later than 30 days after the date of such application.

(ii)

Determination

If the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that the respondent poses a danger of causing harm to himself, herself, or others by having access to a firearm, the court may issue an extreme risk protection order.

(B)

Length of extreme risk protection order

An extreme risk protection order shall be in effect for a period not to exceed 1 year, unless renewed.

(4)

Ex parte extreme risk protection orders

(A)

In general

Upon receipt of an application described in paragraph (1), the court may issue an ex parte extreme risk protection order before conducting the hearing required under paragraph (3), if—

(i)

the application for an extreme risk protection order alleges that the respondent poses a danger of causing harm to himself, herself, or others in the near future by having access to a firearm; and

(ii)

the court finds there is reasonable cause to believe that the respondent poses a danger of causing harm to himself, herself, or others in the near future by having access to a firearm.

(B)

Length of ex parte extreme risk protection order

An ex parte extreme risk protection order shall be in effect for a period not to exceed 30 days, unless continued for good cause.

(5)

Storage of removed firearms

All firearms removed or surrendered pursuant to an extreme risk protection order shall be retained by a law enforcement officer or a law enforcement agency until the named individual regains his or her eligibility to possess firearms, except that the legislation may authorize a law enforcement agency to—

(A)

contract with a manufacturer, dealer, or importer licensed under chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, for the secure storage of firearms; and

(B)

transfer the firearm upon proof that the named individual will no longer have access to the firearm.

(6)

Notification

(A)

In general

A State or tribal court that issues an extreme risk protection order shall notify the Department of Justice or the comparable State or Tribal agency, as applicable, of the order as soon as practicable. Such notice shall be submitted in an electronic format, in a manner prescribed by the Department of Justice or the comparable State or Tribal agency.

(B)

Update of databases

As soon as practicable after receiving a notification under subparagraph (A), the Department of Justice or the comparable State or Tribal agency shall ensure the extreme risk protection order is reflected in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System.

(7)

Confidentiality protections

All personally identifiable information provided to the court, the Department of Justice, and comparable State or Tribal agencies shall be kept confidential, except as necessary to carry out the legislation.

(b)

Additional authorities

Legislation described in this section may—

(1)

provide procedures for the termination of an extreme risk protection order;

(2)

provide procedures for the renewal of an extreme risk protection order;

(3)

establish burdens of proof for issuance of orders described in paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (a) that are higher than the burdens of proof required under those paragraphs; and

(4)

limit the individuals who may submit an application described in subsection (a)(1), provided that, at a minimum, law enforcement officers are authorized to do so.

5.

Federal firearms prohibition

Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1)

in subsection (d)—

(A)

in paragraph (8)(B)(ii), by striking or at the end;

(B)

in paragraph (9), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; or; and

(C)

by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:

(10)

is subject to a court order that prohibits such person from having under his or her custody or control, owning, purchasing, possessing, or receiving any firearms, or requires the surrender or removal of firearms from the person, provided that the order—

(A)

is issued in a manner consistent with the due process rights of the person; and

(B)

is based on a finding that the person poses a danger of causing harm to himself, herself, or others by having access to a firearm.

; and

(2)

in subsection (g)—

(A)

in paragraph (8)(C)(ii), by striking or at the end;

(B)

in paragraph (9), by striking the comma at the end and inserting ; or; and

(C)

by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:

(10)

is subject to a court order that prohibits such person from having under his or her custody or control, owning, purchasing, possessing, or receiving any firearms, or requires the surrender or removal of firearms from the person, provided that the order—

(A)

is issued in a manner consistent with the due process rights of the person; and

(B)

is based on a finding that the person poses a danger of causing harm to himself, herself, or others by having access to a firearm,

.

6.

Conforming amendment

Section 3(1) of the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 40903(1)) is amended by striking section 922(g)(8) and inserting paragraph (8) or (10) of section 922(g).

7.

Full faith and credit

Any extreme risk protection order issued under a State or Tribal law enacted in accordance with this Act shall be accorded the same full faith and credit by the court of another State or Indian Tribe (the enforcing State or Indian Tribe) and enforced by the court and law enforcement personnel of the other State or Tribal government as if it were the order of the enforcing State or Tribe.

8.

Severability

If any provision of this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid, the remainder of this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected.