H.R. 5670House118th Congress (2023-2025)In Committee

VOICE Act

Introduced September 21, 2023

AI-Generated Summary

Updated January 20, 2026 at 11:42 AM UTC

The VOICE Act seeks to protect free, fair and transparent elections in Venezuela. It authorizes U.S. sanctions against foreign individuals who block opposition candidates, calls for coordinated diplomatic action with allies, creates a special State Department representative for Venezuela, and requires reporting on media freedom and election integrity.

Key Provisions

  • President must impose sanctions—asset freezes and visa bans—on any foreign person who prevents or assists in preventing opposition candidates from running in Venezuela’s 2024 presidential election.
  • President may waive these sanctions for national interest, but must notify relevant congressional committees.
  • U.S. will work with Canada, the EU, and Latin American democracies and use international bodies to support voter registration, election observers, and condemn candidate disqualifications.
  • A Special Representative for Venezuela is to be appointed within 90 days to coordinate U.S. policy, consular services, diaspora election participation, and brief Congress on democracy and human‑rights issues.
  • Within 90 days, the State Department, USAID, and USAGM must submit a report on obstacles to independent media in Venezuela, list regime‑linked outlets, and propose strategies to strengthen independent broadcasting.

Legislative Activity

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HouseIntro Referral Latest Action

Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.

September 21, 2023

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HouseIntro Referral

Introduced in House

September 21, 2023

HouseIntro Referral

Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.

September 21, 2023

Floor Debate

16 members

What members said about H.R. 5670 on the floor

6 Republicans10 Democrats
James P. McGovern
Rep. James P. McGovernD-MA-2 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I want to start by saying something simple that shouldn't be controversial in the people's House. On questions of war and peace,…

Brian J. Mast
Rep. Brian J. MastR-FL-21 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, pursuant to the order of the House of January 21, 2026, I call up the concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 68) to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from Venezuela that have…

Gregory W. Meeks
Rep. Gregory W. MeeksD-NY-5 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, it was only last month that we stood on this floor debating this same resolution. My colleagues across the aisle defended the…

Debbie Wasserman Schultz
Rep. Debbie Wasserman SchultzD-FL-25 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding. I rise in support of this resolution because I simply do not trust this President to truly prioritize democracy and the will of the Venezuelan people.…

Eric A. "Rick" Crawford
Rep. Eric A. "Rick" CrawfordR-AR-1 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I thank Chairman Mast for yielding and for his leadership on this critical issue. Mr. Speaker, make no mistake about it, we are not at war with Venezuela. Nicolas Maduro is a murderer,…

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Thomas Massie
Rep. Thomas MassieR-KY-4 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of this War Powers Resolution because the integrity of this institution is in question. Every Member of this House has a duty to uphold the Constitution's system of…

Joaquin Castro
Rep. Joaquin CastroD-TX-20 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, the President of the United States is now running Venezuela from Washington. On January 3, the President ordered a military operation to capture Nicolas Maduro and install the…

Randy Fine
Rep. Randy FineR-FL-6 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman for yielding me time. My friend, the chairman, referred to stupidity in debating this resolution. I would like to talk about hypocrisy and illiteracy. Ten days…

James A. Himes
Rep. James A. HimesD-CT-4 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, not much surprises me anymore, but to sit here and to listen to the storied House Foreign Affairs Committee, chaired by somebody who calls the opposition stupid, to hear our motivations…

W. Gregory Steube
Rep. W. Gregory SteubeR-FL-17 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to this resolution because it is nothing more than a weak and pointless attempt to attack our President and undermine our national security. We conducted a 40-minute…

Chrissy Houlahan
Rep. Chrissy HoulahanD-PA-6 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Speaker, it is really devastating to listen to the other side talking about how we somehow were not supposed to be told when boots went on the…

Patrick Ryan
Rep. Patrick RyanD-NY-18 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for the time. Mr. Speaker, we face a fundamental question here: Who makes the decision to send our most precious resource, our young men and women in uniform, into…

Jimmy Panetta
Rep. Jimmy PanettaD-CA-19 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, the military intervention in Venezuela left us with uncertainty, instability, and insecurity. As a veteran, I commend the military operation to remove Maduro on January 3, but as an…

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Christopher R. Deluzio
Rep. Christopher R. DeluzioD-PA-17 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from New York for the time. Mr. Speaker, to respond to the notion of hypocrisy, that we should rely on the Secretary of State's notification when required, we were…

Mario Diaz-Balart
Rep. Mario Diaz-BalartR-FL-26 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, here we go again. As Chairman Mast has said, there are no troops in Venezuela. Look, the only purpose of this resolution, let's be clear, is to counter and stop narcoterrorism and drug…

Lloyd Doggett
Rep. Lloyd DoggettD-TX-37 · Jan 22, 2026

Mr. Speaker, oil over democracy. Trump has made clear his priorities, accepting ruthless suppression by Maduro's comrades so long as the oil profits flow to him as the self-described acting President…

Bill Text

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Introduced in HouseIssued September 21, 2023

I

118th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. R. 5670

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

September 21, 2023

Ms. Wasserman Schultz (for herself and Ms. Salazar) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

A BILL

To require certain actions relating to the protection of free, fair, and transparent elections in Venezuela, and for other purposes.

1.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the Venezuelans Overcoming Interference and Corruption in Elections Act or the VOICE Act.

2.

Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1)

the arbitrary and unconstitutional actions of the Maduro regime to undermine Venezuelan democracy, including attempts to disqualify opposition candidates from participating in the 2024 presidential election, demonstrate flagrant disregard for the basic political rights of Venezuelans and merit condemnation in the strongest terms from the United States and other Western Hemisphere democracies;

(2)

the disqualification of political opponents illustrates the Maduro regime’s intent to continue to remove checks and balances on the executive, politicize the judiciary, undermine the independence of the legislature through use of executive decree powers, persecute and prosecute its political opponents, curtail freedom of the press, and limit the free expression of its citizens;

(3)

the United States supports the people of Venezuela in their efforts to advance representative democracy, human rights, and the rule of law within their country; and

(4)

the United States should make every possible effort to promote international recognition of the legitimacy of the presidential primary organized by the democratic Unitary Platform, and to support the registration and participation of Venezuelan migrants and refugees residing in the United States in the election.

3.

Sanctions for certain actions relating to disqualification of Venezuelan presidential candidates

(a)

In general

The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any foreign person, including any current or former official of the Government of Venezuela or any person acting on behalf of that Government, that the President determines—

(1)

has prevented, or is responsible for ordering or otherwise directing the prevention of, any individual that the President determines to be an opponent candidate, or prospective opponent candidate, seeking presidential election (including María Corina Machado, Henrique Capriles, and Freddy Superlano) from participating in the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election; or

(2)

has knowingly materially assisted, sponsored, or provided significant financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, the commission of the acts described in paragraph (1).

(b)

Sanctions described

(1)

In general

The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:

(A)

Asset blocking

The exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.

(B)

Exclusion from the United States and revocation of visa or other documentation

In the case of an alien determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a), denial of a visa to, and exclusion from the United States of, the alien, and revocation in accordance with section 221(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), of any visa or other documentation of the alien.

(2)

Penalties

A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of paragraph (1)(A) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out paragraph (1)(A) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.

(3)

Exceptions

The sanctions described in paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to a foreign person—

(A)

that the President determines is the subject of other sanctions equivalent to those described in paragraph (1); or

(B)

that is an alien, if admitting the alien into the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations.

(c)

Waiver

The President may waive the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President—

(1)

determines that such a waiver is in the national interest of the United States; and

(2)

on or before the date on which the waiver takes effect, submits to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a notice of and justification for the waiver.

(d)

Regulatory authority

The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this section.

(e)

Definition

In this section:

(1)

Admitted; alien

The terms admitted and alien have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).

(2)

Foreign person

The term foreign person means a person that is not a United States person.

(3)

Good

The term good has the meaning given that term in section 16 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2415) (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)).

(4)

Knowingly

The term knowingly, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.

(5)

Materially assisted

The term materially assisted means the provision of assistance that is significant and of a kind directly relevant to acts described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (a).

(6)

United States person

The term United States person means—

(A)

a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or

(B)

an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.

4.

International coordination on behalf of Venezuelan democracy

(a)

Sense of congress

It is the sense of Congress that the United States should engage with the Government of Canada, the European Union, the governments of other European countries, and the democratically elected governments of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean to enhance diplomatic cooperation and policy coordination toward the shared objective of restoring democracy for the Venezuelan people.

(b)

International organizations

The President, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall direct the appropriate officials of the United States Government to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at international organizations to—

(1)

urge the Organization of American States and the United Nations, as well as any subordinate entities of either organization responsible for promoting democracy, to support the mission of the independent Venezuelan primary organizing commission by—

(A)

assisting efforts to register eligible Venezuelan nationals residing in third countries to vote in future elections in Venezuela;

(B)

ensuring the integrity and security of personal identifying information collected from Venezuelan nationals residing in other countries;

(C)

facilitating the delivery by nongovernmental organizations of humanitarian assistance and other critical services to the Venezuelan people, who may be subject to increasingly restrictive policies in advance of the 2024 election;

(D)

dispatching independent election observers to conduct oversight of the handling of the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election by the Maduro regime; and

(E)

documenting and reporting on attempts by the Maduro regime to suppress the vote through threats, intimidation, violence, blackmail, or extortion;

(2)

encourage international organizations to condemn the practice of the Maduro regime of disqualifying political opponents; and

(3)

commend the efforts of the Venezuelan democratic opposition to organize a free, fair, and transparent election in 2024 and provide an electoral alternative to the Maduro regime, which has committed crimes against humanity as evidenced by the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela established by the United Nations Human Rights Council, in the report of such mission published in October 2022.

5.

Additional actions in support of democracy in Venezuela

(a)

Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that a solution of the political and humanitarian crisis in Venezuela must include—

(1)

a new presidential election in Venezuela that complies with international standards for a free, fair, and transparent electoral process;

(2)

an end to the usurpation of presidential authorities by Nicolás Maduro;

(3)

the restoration of democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela;

(4)

freeing political prisoners in Venezuela;

(5)

consistent and unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to Venezuelans; and

(6)

accountability for the perpetrators of acts determined to be crimes against humanity by the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela established by the United Nations Human Rights Council.

(b)

Special representative

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall appoint a Special Representative for Venezuela from among the officers and employees of the Department of State, who shall assume primary responsibility for the following:

(1)

Coordinating initiatives across the United States Government to assist in streamlining United States policy toward Venezuela and ensuring prompt response to any changing political, economic, and humanitarian dynamics in Venezuela.

(2)

Supporting the Venezuela Affairs Unit in delivering information to Federal departments and agencies responsible for developing and implementing United States policy toward Venezuela.

(3)

Assisting the Venezuela Affairs Unit, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, and other Federal departments and agencies responsible for the administration of consular affairs in providing consular services to United States citizens in Venezuela and Venezuelans residing in the United States or in third countries.

(4)

Facilitating the participation of members of the Venezuelan diaspora residing in the United States in Venezuelan elections determined by the President to be free and fair with the uninhibited participation of opposition candidates.

(5)

Providing the appropriate congressional committees with briefs on the status of democracy and human rights in Venezuela.

(c)

Report required

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, the Administrator for the United States Agency for International Development, and the Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global Media, shall jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on obstacles to promoting independent news media and free access to information in Venezuela. Such report shall include—

(1)

an evaluation of the governmental, political, and technological obstacles faced by the people of Venezuela in their efforts to obtain accurate, objective, and comprehensive news and information about domestic and international affairs;

(2)

a list of all television channels, radio stations, online news sites, and other media platforms operating in Venezuela that are directly or indirectly owned or beneficially controlled by Nicolás Maduro, members of the Maduro family, or individuals associated with his regime, and the extent of the operational scale and reach of any such platforms;

(3)

a list of all television channels, radio stations, online news sites, and other media platforms operating in Venezuela that are directly or indirectly owned or beneficially controlled by individuals or entities associated with the Russian Federation, the Chinese Communist Party, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Ortega regime in Nicaragua, or the Communist government of Cuba, and the operational scale and reach of any such platforms;

(4)

a list of any independent press organization, or person affiliated with such an organization, that has experienced intimidation, harassment, physical assault, theft of property, or fatal injury by agents of the Maduro regime or pro-government supporters in direct relation to their journalistic activities since April 2013;

(5)

an assessment of the extent to which the current level and type of news and related programming and content provided by the Voice of America and other sources is addressing the informational needs of the people of Venezuela;

(6)

a description of existing United States efforts to strengthen freedom of the press and freedom of expression in Venezuela, including recommendations to expand upon those efforts; and

(7)

a proposed strategy for strengthening independent broadcasting, information distribution, and media platforms in Venezuela.

(d)

Appropriate congressional committees defined

In this section, the term appropriate congressional committees means—

(1)

the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

(2)

the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.