S.J.Res. 21Senate118th Congress (2023-2025)In Committee

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Sponsored by Ted CruzSen. Ted Cruz (R-TX)
Introduced March 22, 2023

AI-Generated Summary

Updated January 20, 2026 at 5:02 AM UTC

S.J.Res. 21 proposes a constitutional amendment that would set the size of the United States Supreme Court at nine justices. If ratified, the amendment would change the Constitution to require that the Court always have nine members, affecting how future justices are appointed and the overall composition of the Court.

Key Provisions

  • Amends the Constitution to state: “The Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of nine justices.”

Legislative Activity

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1 earlier action
SenateIntro Referral Latest Action

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

March 22, 2023

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SenateIntro Referral

Introduced in Senate

March 22, 2023

SenateIntro Referral

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

March 22, 2023

Bill Text

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Introduced in SenateIssued March 22, 2023

IIA

118th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. J. RES. 21

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

March 22, 2023

Mr. Cruz (for himself, Mr. Marshall, Mr. Hagerty, Mr. Lee, Mr. Cotton, Mr. Grassley, Mr. Hawley, Mr. Tillis, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Braun, Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Mr. Schmitt, and Mr. Young) introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

JOINT RESOLUTION

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification:

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The Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of nine justices.

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