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110th Congress (2007-2009) hub

110th Congress (2007-2009), in detail.

Every analytics panel scoped to the 110th Congress (2007-2009), plus comparisons against the 109th.

14,042
Bills introduced
460
Became law
2,533
Roll-call votes
554
Members

Productivity Index

110th Congress by the numbers: 14,042 bills introduced, 460 enacted, 2,533 roll-call votes.

14,042Bills introduced+7.4% vs. previous
460Became law-4.8% vs. previous
2,533Roll-call votes
3.3% of bills introduced this congress have become law.
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress
Section 1

Member Rankings

The named winners and losers — workhorses, mavericks, and bipartisan builders.

The Workhorse Index

Members ranked by primary-sponsored bills.

  1. 1Hillary Rodham Clinton
    164bills
  2. 2Dianne Feinstein
    Dianne Feinstein
    D·CASENATE
    138bills
  3. 3Harry Reid
    Harry Reid
    D·NVSENATE
    130bills
  4. 4John F. Kerry
    John F. Kerry
    D·MASENATE
    115bills
  5. 5Charles E. Schumer
    113bills
  1. 6Richard J. Durbin
    110bills
  2. 7Christopher J. Dodd
    99bills
  3. 8Edward M. Kennedy
    97bills
  4. 9Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    92bills
  5. 10Russell D. Feingold
    91bills
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Cosponsor Kings

Members who sign onto the most bills.

  1. 1John F. Kerry
    John F. Kerry
    D·MASENATE
    614cosponsorships
  2. 2Richard J. Durbin
    607cosponsorships
  3. 3Hillary Rodham Clinton
    587cosponsorships
  4. 4Barbara Boxer
    Barbara Boxer
    D·CASENATE
    558cosponsorships
  5. 5Sherrod Brown
    Sherrod Brown
    D·OHSENATE
    545cosponsorships
  1. 6Robert Menendez
    Robert Menendez
    D·NJSENATE
    511cosponsorships
  2. 7Roger F. Wicker
    Roger F. Wicker
    R·MSSENATE
    504cosponsorships
  3. 8Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    486cosponsorships
  4. 9Joseph I. Lieberman
    483cosponsorships
  5. 10Charles E. Schumer
    472cosponsorships
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

The Maverick Meter

Members who vote against their party's majority position most often.

  1. 1Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    35%230 of 656
  2. 2Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    32%211 of 657
  3. 3Arlen Specter
    Arlen Specter
    D·PASENATE
    29%189 of 647
  4. 4Gordon H. Smith
    Gordon H. Smith
    R·ORSENATE
    27%178 of 652
  5. 5George V. Voinovich
    24%158 of 645
  1. 6Norm Coleman
    Norm Coleman
    R·MNSENATE
    21%135 of 634
  2. 7Chuck Hagel
    Chuck Hagel
    R·NESENATE
    21%128 of 606
  3. 8Richard G. Lugar
    Richard G. Lugar
    R·INSENATE
    21%135 of 651
  4. 9Tom Coburn
    Tom Coburn
    R·OKSENATE
    20%122 of 607
  5. 10Lisa Murkowski
    Lisa Murkowski
    R·AKSENATE
    19%123 of 642
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Bipartisan Builders

Cosponsorships of bills sponsored by the opposite party.

  1. 1Bernard Sanders
    Bernard Sanders
    I·VTSENATE
    433cross-party cosponsorships
  2. 2Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    351cross-party cosponsorships
  3. 3Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    326cross-party cosponsorships
  4. 4Norm Coleman
    Norm Coleman
    R·MNSENATE
    287cross-party cosponsorships
  5. 5Gordon H. Smith
    Gordon H. Smith
    R·ORSENATE
    266cross-party cosponsorships
  1. 6Roger F. Wicker
    Roger F. Wicker
    R·MSSENATE
    236cross-party cosponsorships
  2. 7Arlen Specter
    Arlen Specter
    R·PASENATE
    227cross-party cosponsorships
  3. 8Thad Cochran
    Thad Cochran
    R·MSSENATE
    189cross-party cosponsorships
  4. 9Johnny Isakson
    Johnny Isakson
    R·GASENATE
    183cross-party cosponsorships
  5. 10Chuck Hagel
    Chuck Hagel
    R·NESENATE
    171cross-party cosponsorships
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Freshman Power Rankings

First-term members of the 110th Congress, ranked by composite activity.

  1. 1Steve Cohen
    Steve Cohen
    D·TN-9HOUSE
    1,285composite score
  2. 2Keith Ellison
    Keith Ellison
    D·MN-5HOUSE
    896composite score
  3. 3Phil Hare
    Phil Hare
    D·IL-17HOUSE
    869composite score
  4. 4Betty Sutton
    Betty Sutton
    D·OH-13HOUSE
    847composite score
  5. 5Mazie K. Hirono
    Mazie K. Hirono
    D·HI-2HOUSE
    683composite score
  1. 6Jason Altmire
    Jason Altmire
    D·PA-4HOUSE
    682composite score
  2. 7Joe Sestak
    Joe Sestak
    D·PA-7HOUSE
    659composite score
  3. 8Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr.
    655composite score
  4. 9Peter Welch
    Peter Welch
    D·VTHOUSE
    653composite score
  5. 10Yvette D. Clarke
    Yvette D. Clarke
    D·NY-11HOUSE
    651composite score
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Closest Re-elections

Members whose last election was decided by the smallest margins.

  1. 1Jim Webb
    Jim Webb
    D·VASENATE
    0.39pt margin
  2. 2Jon Tester
    Jon Tester
    D·MTSENATE
    0.88pt margin
  3. 3Claire McCaskill
    Claire McCaskill
    D·MOSENATE
    2.27pt margin
  4. 4Bob Corker
    Bob Corker
    R·TNSENATE
    2.72pt margin
  5. 5Sheldon Whitehouse
    7.04pt margin
  1. 6Jon Kyl
    Jon Kyl
    R·AZSENATE
    9.84pt margin
  2. 7Roger F. Wicker
    Roger F. Wicker
    R·MSSENATE
    9.92pt margin
  3. 8Joseph I. Lieberman
    9.98pt margin
  4. 9Benjamin L. Cardin
    10.01pt margin
  5. 10Sherrod Brown
    Sherrod Brown
    D·OHSENATE
    12.35pt margin
Show all (10)
110th Congress

Attendance Hall of Fame & Hall of Shame

Who showed up — and who didn't.

Hall of Fame · best 5

  1. 1Herb Kohl
    Herb Kohl
    D·WISENATE
    100.0%657 of 657
  2. 2Ken Salazar
    Ken Salazar
    D·COSENATE
    100.0%657 of 657
  3. 3Chuck Grassley
    Chuck Grassley
    R·IASENATE
    100.0%657 of 657
  4. 4Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    100.0%657 of 657
  5. 5John Barrasso
    John Barrasso
    R·WYSENATE
    100.0%431 of 431
  1. 6Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    100.0%657 of 657
  2. 7Russell D. Feingold
    100.0%657 of 657
  3. 8Robert P. Casey Jr.
    100.0%657 of 657
  4. 9Mark L. Pryor
    Mark L. Pryor
    D·ARSENATE
    99.8%657 of 658
  5. 10Mitch McConnell
    Mitch McConnell
    R·KYSENATE
    99.8%657 of 658
Show all (10)

Hall of Shame · worst 5

  1. 1John McCain
    John McCain
    R·AZSENATE
    61.0%420 of 1077 missed
  2. 2Tim Johnson
    Tim Johnson
    D·SDSENATE
    67.9%311 of 968 missed
  3. 3Barack Obama
    Barack Obama
    D·ILSENATE
    68.4%303 of 958 missed
  4. 4Joseph R. Biden Jr.
    75.9%209 of 866 missed
  5. 5Hillary Rodham Clinton
    76.0%208 of 865 missed
  1. 6Christopher J. Dodd
    79.3%171 of 828 missed
  2. 7Sam Brownback
    Sam Brownback
    R·KSSENATE
    82.2%142 of 799 missed
  3. 8Edward M. Kennedy
    83.7%128 of 785 missed
  4. 9Daniel K. Inouye
    Daniel K. Inouye
    D·HISENATE
    90.6%68 of 725 missed
  5. 10Mark Udall
    Mark Udall
    D·COSENATE
    91.0%186 of 2062 missed
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress
Section 2

Bills Pulse

What Congress is working on, what makes it through, and what dies on the way.

The Mortality Funnel

Only 3.3% of bills introduced in the 110th Congress have become law (460 of 14,042).

Introduced
14,042
Saw action
14,042100%
Passed a chamber
2,76020%
Passed both chambers
1,90069%
Became law
46024%
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Time to Pass

Median time from introduction to enactment: 134 days.

< 30 days
80
30–90 days
91
90–180 days
123
180–365 days
99
1–2 years
67
2+ years
0
Range: 1 – 656 days · 460 enacted bills
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Policy Area Treemap

14,042 bills across 35 policy areas.

Bills by policy area in 110th Congress (2007-2009)
Commemorations1,647Health1,332Taxation1,194Foreign Trade and Interna…980Armed Forces and National…916International Affairs893Public Lands and Natural …707Congress657Crime and Law Enforcement535Education517
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Most Active Bills (last 30 days)

The bills Congress keeps coming back to.

  • H.Res. 1532

    Condemning the November 26, 2008, terrorist attacks in Mumbai, India, and expressing sympathy to the innocent victims from India and around the world.

    130
    velocity
  • H.R. 7309

    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to suspend employment and income taxes for the first two months of 2009, and for other purposes.

    60.5
    velocity
  • H.R. 5927

    International Violence Against Women Act of 2008

    37.5
    velocity
  • H.R. 7311

    William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008

    37
    velocity
  • S.Res. 728

    A resolution designating January 2009 as "National Mentoring Month".

    33
    velocity
  • H.R. 7277

    Temporary IRA Distribution Suspension Act of 2008

    33
    velocity
  • H.R. 7327

    Worker, Retiree, and Employer Recovery Act of 2008

    28.5
    velocity
  • H.R. 7308

    State and Local Sales Tax Deduction Expansion Act of 2008

    25.5
    velocity
  • H.R. 7273

    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow an above-the-line deduction against individual income tax for interest on indebtedness and for State and local sales and excise taxes with respect to the purchase of certain motor vehicles.

    25.5
    velocity
  • S. 3712

    A bill to make a technical correction in the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008.

    23
    velocity
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Most Cosponsored Bills

Which bills built the biggest coalitions.

  • H.R. 406

    Alice Paul Women's Suffrage Congressional Gold Medal Act

    406
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 82

    Social Security Fairness Act of 2007

    352
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 5714

    United States Army Commemorative Coin Act of 2008

    348
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 1110

    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow Federal civilian and military retirees to pay health insurance premiums on a pretax basis and to allow a deduction for TRICARE supplemental premiums.

    344
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 1400

    Iran Counter-Proliferation Act of 2007

    325
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 1125

    Freedom to Fly Act of 2007

    315
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 1154

    To award a Congressional Gold Medal to Michael Ellis DeBakey, M.D.

    313
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 2040

    Civil Rights Act of 1964 Commemorative Coin Act

    313
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 5825

    Hubbard Act

    312
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 1609

    To award posthumously a Congressional Gold Medal to Constantino Brumidi.

    303
    cosponsors
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Bipartisan Magnet Bills

Bills with the most balanced D/R cosponsorship.

  • 1
    H.R. 2750

    NASA 50th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act

    D149
    R149
    100
    balance
  • 2
    H.R. 3315

    To provide that the great hall of the Capitol Visitor Center shall be known as Emancipation Hall.

    D114
    R114
    100
    balance
  • 3
    S.Res. 97

    A resolution relative to the death of Thomas F. Eagleton, former United States Senator for the State of Missouri.

    D49
    R49
    100
    balance
  • 4
    S.Res. 165

    A resolution relative to the death of Representative Juanita Millender-McDonald, of California.

    D49
    R49
    100
    balance
  • 5
    S.Res. 157

    A resolution extending the best wishes of the Senate to New Jersey Governor Jon S. Corzine and expressing the Senate's hope for his speedy and complete recovery.

    D49
    R49
    100
    balance
  • 6
    S.Res. 19

    A resolution honoring President Gerald Rudolph Ford.

    D49
    R49
    100
    balance
  • 7
    S.Res. 271

    A resolution honoring Lady Bird Johnson.

    D49
    R49
    100
    balance
  • 8
    S.Res. 122

    A resolution commemorating the 25th anniversary of the construction and dedication of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

    D35
    R35
    100
    balance
  • 9
    H.R. 6982

    To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 210 South Ellsworth Avenue in San Mateo, California, as the "Leo J. Ryan Post Office Building".

    D32
    R32
    100
    balance
  • 10
    H.R. 1730

    MedPAC Rural Representation Act

    D29
    R29
    100
    balance
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Chamber Composition

Party split for the 110th Congress at the start of the session (Jan 3).

house445
house party composition
  • Democrat239
  • Republican206
senate102
senate party composition
  • Democrat50
  • Independent1
  • Republican51
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress
Section 3

Votes & Polarization

Roll-call patterns, partisan fault lines, and the moments Congress was nearly tied.

Closest Votes

Roll-call votes decided by the smallest margins.

  • 1

    On Motion to Recommit with Instructions

    house·H.R. 5719·Apr 15, 2008
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 210
    210 Nay
  • 2

    On the Motion to Reconsider S.Amdt. 4189 to S.Con.Res. 70 (No short title on file)

    senate·Mar 13, 2008
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 3

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 4335 to S.Con.Res. 70 (No short title on file)

    senate·Mar 13, 2008
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 49
    49 Nay
  • 4

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 4191 to S.Con.Res. 70 (No short title on file)

    senate·Mar 13, 2008
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 5

    Call of the House

    house·Mar 13, 2008
    0
    vote margin
  • 6

    Call of the House

    house·Jan 15, 2008
    0
    vote margin
  • 7

    Call of the House

    house·Dec 6, 2007
    0
    vote margin
  • 8

    Call of the House

    house·Nov 14, 2007
    0
    vote margin
  • 9

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2898 to S.Amdt. 2011 to H.R. 1585 (National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008)

    senate·Sep 21, 2007
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 47
    47 Nay
  • 10

    Call in Committee

    house·Jul 31, 2007
    0
    vote margin
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Committee Power Index

Committees ranked by bills referred and bills enacted.

Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Vote Type Breakdown

2,533 roll-call votes by category.

Votes by type in 110th Congress (2007-2009)
procedural1,166amendment814passage208cloture101other97adjournment62confirmation37journal31quorum11veto_override5
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

VP Tie-Breakers

Times the Vice President cast the deciding vote in the Senate.

1
Tie-breaker votes
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress

Vote Activity Calendar

2,533 roll-call votes over 286 days.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SunTueThuSat
Source: Congress.gov110th Congress
Section 4

Find your Vote Twin

The headline interactive — answer 10 real votes, find the member who voted most like you.

Find your Vote Twin

Pick topics, answer 10 real votes, and we'll show you the member of Congress who voted most like you.

Section 5

vs. Previous Congress

110th vs. 109th Congress

Side-by-side, with directional change.

Bills introduced
14,042
vs.
13,072
+7.4%
Became law
460
vs.
483
-4.8%
Roll-call votes
2,533
vs.
1,859
+36.3%