Advanced Imaging Technologies (Ait)
Madam Speaker, I recently read with interest an article by Ralph Nader discussing his concerns with the Transportation Safety Administration's (TSA) use of ``whole-body imaging'' scanning machines. These machines, now called ``Advanced…
Madam Speaker, I recently read with interest an article by Ralph Nader discussing his concerns with the Transportation Safety Administration's (TSA) use of ``whole-body imaging'' scanning machines. These machines, now called ``Advanced Imaging Technologies'' (AIT), allow TSA screeners to search for security risks by looking under passengers' clothing in a particularly privacy intrusive inspection.
I share many of Mr. Nader's concerns, and include a copy of article from www.commondreams.org for the record. Last summer I worked with many of my colleagues in the House on both sides of the aisle to pass an amendment to the TSA Authorization bill which addressed some of the problems with the TSA's use of these AIT machines. Our amendment prohibited the use of AIT for mandatory primary screening at airports, required the TSA to give passengers the option of a pat-down search, and prohibited TSA from storing, transferring, or copying AIT images of passengers.
These technologies need not invade Americans' privacy so intrusively in order to secure our flights and passengers effectively. After the failed Christmas Day bombing attempt, which AIT may or may not have helped prevent, I renewed my call for the inventors and manufacturers of AIT machines to enhance privacy protections to permit broader deployment of these technologies without the tradeoff to Americans' rights of privacy.
Some AIT manufacturers have responded with scanners with ``auto detection'' capabilities, which reduce the costs and risks of error associated with human screeners. These scanners also produce images that go beyond merely blurring faces to blurring the outline of the scanned passenger's body. As I observed last December, these technologies have already been deployed in Amsterdam at the very airport from which the Christmas Day bomber traveled to the United States. My staff has seen these machines in action, and I feel the TSA should look seriously at whether these enhanced scanners could replace the privacy intrusive scanners currently deployed in airports across America.
I hope my colleagues will join with me in discussing the security and privacy issues surrounding AIT, and the concerns raised by Mr. Nader and others. We all want air travel to be as safe as possible, but this can be accomplished without sacrificing our privacy and dignity, and that of our fellow Americans.
[From www.commondreams.org, June 24, 2010]
Naked Insecurity
(By Ralph Nader)
If you are planning to fly over the 4th of July holiday, be
aware of your rights at airport security checkpoints.
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has
mandated that passengers can opt out of going through a whole
body scanning machine in favor of a physical pat down.
Unfortunately, opting for the pat down requires passengers to
be assertive since TSA screeners do not tell travelers about
their right to refuse a scan. Harried passengers must spot
the TSA signs posted at hectic security checkpoints to inform
themselves of their rights before they move to a body
scanning security line.
Since the failed Christmas Day bombing of a Northwest
Airlines flight by a passenger hiding explosives in his
underwear, TSA has accelerated its program of deploying whole
body scanning machines, including x-ray scanners, at airport
security checkpoints throughout the United States. Scanning
machines peak beneath passengers' clothing looking for
concealed weapons and explosives that can elude airport metal
detectors. So far, TSA has placed 111 scanners at 32
airports. They expect to have 450 scanners deployed by the
end of the year at an estimated cost of $170,000 each.
Privacy, civil rights and religious groups object to whole
body scanning machines as uniquely intrusive. Naked images of
passengers' bodies are captured by these machines that can
reveal very personal medical conditions such as prosthetics,
colostomy bags and mastectomy scars. The TSA responded by
setting the scanners to blur the facial features of
travelers, placing TSA employees who view the images in a
separate room and assuring the public that the images are
deleted after initial viewing.
Yet, a successful Freedom of Information Act lawsuit by the
Electronic Privacy Information Center against the Department
of Homeland Security (DHS) uncovered documents showing that
the scanning machines' procurement specifications include the
ability to store, record and transfer revealing digital
images of passengers. The specifications allow TSA to disable
any privacy filters permitting the exporting of raw images,
contrary to TSA assurances.
It begs logic that the TSA would not retain their ability
to store images particularly in the event of a terrorist
getting through the scan and later attacking an aircraft. One
of the first searches by the TSA would be to review images
taken by the scanners to identify the attacker.
The Amsterdam airport is using a less intrusive security
device called ``auto detection'' scanning which generates
stick figures instead of the real image of the person and
avoids exposing passengers to radiation. Three United States
Senators recently wrote to DHS Secretary Janet Napolitano
urging her to consider these devices. (http://bit.ly/bJFn5K)
More pointedly, security experts, such as Edward Luttwak
from the Center for Strategic and International Studies, have
come forward questioning the effectiveness of whole body
scanners since they can be defeated by hiding explosives in
body cavities. The General Accounting Office, an
investigative arm of Congress, has stated that it is unclear
whether scanners would have spotted the kind of explosives
carried by the ``Christmas Day'' bomber.
About one-half of these body scanning machines use low dose
x-rays to scan passengers. Last May, a group of esteemed
scientists from the University of California, San Francisco
wrote to John Holdren, President Obama's science adviser,
voicing their concerns about the rapid roll out of scanners
without a rigorous safety review by an impartial panel of
experts. The scientists caution that the TSA has
miscalculated the radiation dose to the skin from scanners
and that there is ``good reason to believe that these
scanners will increase the risk of cancer to children and
other vulnerable populations.'' (http://n.pr/bKGCKx).
David Brenner, director of Columbia University's Center for
Radiological Research, has also voiced caution about x-raying
millions of air travelers. He was a member of the government
committee that set the safety guidelines for the x-ray
scanners, and he now says he would not have signed onto the
report had he known that TSA wanted to scan almost every air
traveler. (http://www.columbia.edu/djb3/)
Passenger complaints to TSA and newspaper accounts of
passenger experiences with scanners contradict TSA assurances
that checkpoint signs provide adequate notice to travelers
about the scanning procedure and the pat down option.
Travelers, who reported that they were not fully aware what
the scanning procedure involved, said they were not made
aware of alternative search options. (http://nyti.ms/9hGtUO )
Many travelers complained about their privacy, and their
families' privacy, being invaded. Some were concerned about
the radiation risk, particularly to pregnant women and
children. Some travelers felt bullied by rude TSA screeners.
The Wall Street Journal reported that one woman who refused
to go through the body scanner was called ``unpatriotic'' by
the TSA screener.
Expensive state-of-the-art security technology that poses
potentially serious health risks to vulnerable passengers,
invades privacy, and provides questionable security is
neither smart nor safe. For the White House it is a political
embarrassment waiting to happen.
President Obama should suspend the body scanning program
and appoint an independent panel of experts to review the
issues of privacy, health and effectiveness. After such a
review, should the DHS and TSA still want to deploy body
scanners at airports, they should initiate a public
rulemaking, which they have refused thus far, so that the
public can have their say in the matter.
If you experience any push-back from TSA screeners when you
assert your right to refuse to go through a whole body
scanner and request a pat down security search instead,
please write to [email protected].
Ralph Nader is a consumer advocate, lawyer, and author. His
most recent book--and first novel--is, Only The Super Wealthy
Can Save Us. His most recent work of non-fiction is The
Seventeen Traditions.