Madam Speaker, I rise today to honor the Morristown National Historic Park, county of Morris, New Jersey, as we commemorate its 75th anniversary. During two critical winters of the Revolutionary War, 1777 and 1779- 80, the countryside in…
Madam Speaker, I rise today to honor the Morristown National Historic Park, county of Morris, New Jersey, as we commemorate its 75th anniversary.
During two critical winters of the Revolutionary War, 1777 and 1779- 80, the countryside in and around Morristown, New Jersey, sheltered the main encampments of the American Continental Army and served as the headquarters of its Commander-in-Chief, General George Washington. The winter of 1779-1780 is largely agreed upon by weather historians to be the worst winter of the 18th century, even worse than the winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge, But, due to better construction standards, proper sanitation, and better training, the winter of 1779-1780 turned out to be much more successful than prior winter at Valley Forge.
General Washington twice chose Morristown due to its strategic location, including proximity to New York City, defensible terrain, important communication routes, access to critical resources, and a supportive community. Morristown's location put it at the crossroads between supply lines connecting Philadelphia, and New England. And the town was close enough to New York to keep a watchful eye over the British encampment on Manhattan Island. This central location allowed Washington to move his army quickly to either New York or Philadelphia if need be. The park encompasses ground occupied by the army during the 1779-80 encampment, and the site of the fortification from the 1777 encampment.
The National Park consists of four noncontiguous units: Washington's Headquarters with the Ford mansion and headquarters museum, the Fort Nonsense Unit, the Jockey Hollow Unit, and the New Jersey Brigade Area. The Ford mansion, where Washington made his headquarters, is an important feature of the Park and recalls civilian contributions to the winning of our independence.
The Ford mansion has a very interesting history. It was built between 1772 and 1774 and was initially the home of COL Jacob Ford, Jr. Ford was a landowner, iron manufacturer, dedicated patriot, and colonel of the Eastern Battalion of New Jersey's militia. Through his command, Ford had participated in the first battle of Springfield. But, tragedy befell Ford shortly after the battle, when he was stricken with pneumonia. He died on January 10, 1777, After Jacob Ford's death, his widow Theodosia offered the mansion to General Washington to use as his winter quarters.
General Washington and his aide-de-camp Alexander Hamilton, would use the mansion to formulate strategy for many of the revolution's greatest campaigns. Washington also used the house to write some of the most important letters of the revolution. The Ford mansion housed some of the most important figures of the revolution including the Marquis de Lafayette, General Schuyler, General Nathaniel Greene, General Henry Knox, and the infamous general, turned traitor, Benedict Arnold. It has been said that the Ford mansion has housed more prominent figures known to the military history of our revolution than any other residence in America. It is because of this rich history, that Morristown has been cited as the military capital of the revolution.
On March 2, 1933, President Herbert Hoover signed Morristown National Historic Park into existence. It is the first National Historic Park in the United States. The park's mission is to interpret the extraordinary fortitude of the officers and enlisted men under Washington's leadership and the important subsequent commemoration of these crucial events of the American Revolution. The National Park Service and the Washington Association of New Jersey, a not-for-profit organization formed over 130 years ago to preserve Morristown's Revolutionary War landmarks, especially the Ford mansion, work to protect the landscape and historic resources of the Continental Army's winter encampments and other nearby Revolutionary War military and civilian sites for the benefit and inspiration of all. The Washington Association is the original keeper of the Ford mansion, also known as Washington's Headquarters, and continues to raise private funds for its renovations, and that of the museum, and its educational programs and remarkable archives.
The Washington Association of New Jersey was founded in Morristown in June 1873. On March 20, 1874, the New Jersey State Legislature chartered the Washington Association as a stock-granting corporation in New Jersey. The association would be responsible for preserving the mansion until 1933 when it was donated to the Federal Government, and designated the first National Historic Park.
The park's mission is to interpret the extraordinary fortitude of the officers and enlisted men under Washington's leadership and the important subsequent commemoration of these crucial events of the American Revolution.
Madam Speaker, for the past 75 years, the Morristown National Historic Park has been an educational and heartfelt piece of history in this district. I ask you, Madam Speaker, and my colleagues to honor the Morristown National Historic Park, its dedicated employees and its many volunteer supporters as our Nation's first historic park celebrates a very special 75th anniversary.