Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support of the College Opportunity and Affordability Act. This legislation will help break down the barriers, particularly the ever-rising costs of higher education, for Americans to obtain a college degree. I…
Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support of the College Opportunity and Affordability Act. This legislation will help break down the barriers, particularly the ever-rising costs of higher education, for Americans to obtain a college degree.
I am extremely excited about the provision from my legislation, the Campus Fire Safety and Prevention Act, that is included in this bill. This legislation would establish a demonstration incentive program within the Department of Education to promote installation of fire sprinkler systems, or other fire suppression or prevention technologies, in qualified student housing or dormitories, and for other purposes.
Fire safety and prevention is an issue that needs to be addressed across this country. Over these few years we have seen many tragedies involving fire at colleges, places of business, entertainment venues and places of residence.
Nationwide, 126 people have been killed in student housing since January 2000, as identified by the Center for Campus Fire Safety, a non-profit organization that compiles information on campus-related fires.
Almost 83 percent of the fire fatalities have occurred in off-campus occupancies such as rented houses and apartments. Common factors in a number of these fires include: lack of automatic sprinklers, disabled smoke alarms, careless disposal of smoking materials, and alcohol consumption.
We must begin to put in place suppression measures against fires and increase support and resources for our fire fighters to ensure that no more lives are lost to fires that could have been prevented.
I encourage my colleagues to pass the College Opportunity and Affordability Act. This legislation would reform our higher education system so that it operates in the best interests of students and families.
I thank the gentleman for yielding.
Madam Chairman, I rise in support of H.R. 4137, the College Opportunity and Affordability Act of 2007, as reported by the Education and Labor Committee under the able leadership of the gentlemen from California, Chairman Miller and Ranking Member McKeon.
I want to commend the chairman specifically for including in the bill a provision requiring the Government Accountability Office to examine the impact that law school accreditation requirements and other factors have on the costs of law school and student access to law school, including the impact of such requirements on racial and ethnic minorities. I would also like to thank my colleague Representative Bobby Scott for his efforts to have this amendment included.
This provision is important and timely in light of a 15 year decline in minority law school enrollment documented by a Columbia Law School web site created in conjunction with the Society of American Law Teachers. As described in the National Law Journal and other publications, the site uses 12 graphs and nearly 200 data points to illustrate an 8.6 percent drop in law school enrollment among African American and Mexican American students between 1992 and 2006. This disturbing trend has occurred even while overall law school enrollment numbers have increased and admissibility indicators for minority applicants have improved.
in addition, 2007 statistics from the Law School Admissions Council suggest that high shutout rates may be discouraging African American and Mexican American students from applying to law school in the first place; data show that the number of African American and Mexican American applicants has fallen significantly since 2004.
One certain factor in the trend is the over-reliance of law schools and accreditors on L.S.A.T. scores as an admissions criterion and I expect the GAO study to bear that out.
In the meantime, Madam Chairman, this trend threatens great harm to minority and disadvantaged communities throughout the United States where the consequences will include reduced access to quality legal services and less economic opportunity and empowerment. It is therefore critical that Congress understand and take active steps to counteract the various factors that have contributed to the decline.
Realizing the promise of ``equal justice under the law'' requires that we ensure equal opportunity to legal education for students who come from, and intend to serve, our Nation's neediest communities. Despite the remarkable progress that has been made, many obstacles to opportunity remain. We cannot stand idle as minority underrepresentation in the legal profession increases.
So, as we await the results of the GAO study, I respectfully urge my colleagues on the Education Committee to conduct hearings that will illuminate the problem, its causes, and expert recommendations for alleviating it.
In closing, I will insert into the Record the aforementioned articles. There are current efforts underway by members of the Congressional Black and Hispanic Caucuses to formally request a hearing on this subject and to urge the ABA Section of Legal Education to adopt law school accreditation standards that are consistent with the goal of increasing minority representation in the legal profession.
Madam Chairman, I urge my colleagues to support the bill.
[From the National Law Journal, Jan. 21, 2008]
Minority Enrollment Is Faltering
(By Leigh Jones)
A web site recently established by an elite law school
paints a dismal picture of enrollment among certain minority
groups in law schools generally--a picture that may well
become still bleaker.
Enrollment of blacks and Mexican-Americans has fallen by
8.6% in the past 15 years, according to a Web site created by
Columbia Law School and the Society of American Law Teachers
(SALT).
The decline has occurred as applications to law schools
among those two groups have remained constant and as law
school enrollment overall has increased since 1992.
With law schools continuing to revere U.S. News & World
Report rankings and with anti-affirmative action initiatives
possibly being on the ballot in five states in November, it
appears that the situation may only worsen.
``It's not a pipeline problem,'' said Conrad Johnson,
clinical professor of law at Columbia. Johnson and two law
students working with the school's Lawyering in the Digital
Age Clinic helped create the Web site, along with SALT. He
said that the statistics, compiled from information provided
by the Law School Admission Council, dispute the notion that
the low enrollment numbers among blacks and Mexican-Americans
are due to dwindling applications from those groups.
Eye on rankings
From 1992 to 2006, the number of blacks and Mexican-
Americans enrolled in the nation's law schools accredited by
the American Bar Association (ABA) fell from 3,937 to 3,595.
During that same time period, the number of ABA accredited
law schools grew from 176 to 195.
Johnson acknowledged an uptick in African-American
enrollment in 2006, the biggest increase in 10 years, but he
said that a combination of both groups showed a continuous
decline during the 15-year period.
Vernellia Randall, a professor at University of Dayton
School of Law and creator of the The Whitest Law School
Report, said that law schools, concerned about their U.S.
News & World Report rankings, are requiring higher scores
from applicants on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT),
which has resulted in lower admission numbers among people
from the two minority groups.
In the rankings, a school's median LSAT score is part of a
larger score designed to measure a school's selectivity in
choosing applicants who enter an incoming class. Selectivity
accounts for 25% of a school's ranking.
The Columbia Law School Web site notes that LSAT and grade-
point average scores have increased among African-American
and Mexican-American applicants. But more demanding
requirements from law schools continue to outpace
improvements in scores, Randall said.
``It's going to get a whole lot worse before it gets
better,'' she said.
U.S. News & World Report does not include diversity as one
of the factors in the rankings, but it does publish a
separate ranking of law schools that have high minority
enrollment numbers. Revamping the general law school rankings
to include diversity as a factor would be difficult, said
Robert Morse, director of data research at U.S. News & World
Report.
Not only would the standard need to account for the
difference in minority populations in various parts of the
country, but the rankings would require a value judgment
regarding which minority groups' enrollment ``improved'' a
school, he said.
Part of the concern about the low numbers relates to
efforts in five states to ban race- and gender-based
preferences. Arizona, Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska and
Oklahoma all have initiatives under way to place questions on
November ballots that would end programs that increase
minority and female numbers in education and in government.
The effort is led by Ward Connerly, president of the American
Civil Liberties Institute, which led successful efforts to
ban such preferences in California, Michigan and Washington.
``Preferences are morally wrong,'' said Connerly, who is
black.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2003 in Grutter v.
Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306, that the University of Michigan Law
School's race-preference admissions policy served a
compelling interest in maintaining a diverse student body.
Marquette University Law School Dean Joseph Kearney said
his school relies heavily on affirmative action to recruit
minorities. Marquette was ranked No. 8 among Randall's latest
ranking of the "Whitest Law Schools." Its student body is
89.5% white, with black enrollment equaling 2.7% and Mexican-
Americans making up 0.7%, according to the 2007 ABA Official
Guide to ABA Approved Law Schools.
Kearney, who challenges the validity of Randall's list,
attributes his school's low numbers to competition from its
state competitor, University of Wisconsin Law School, which
has lower tuition and is aggressive on minority recruitment.