Floor Statements

Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the bill. Before I make some comments, let me say I have great respect for the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Hoekstra). He is a good person. So we just have differences. I think this is not the way to go.

Secondly, I think the administration and the Justice Department, their failure to take a position on this bill is morally reprehensible. When they have a fiduciary relationship in running these prisons and not to say anything, what can I say.

Winston Churchill said one of the best tests of whether we are truly a civilized people is the temper, the mood of the public in regard to the treatment of crime and criminals.

As somebody who is proud to be a conservative, and a compassionate conservative, and somebody who has worked in prisons--before I got elected I was involved in a program at Lorton Prison called Man to Man where we would go down and counsel people--knowing what this bill could do, I think this bill should be defeated.

You cannot put a man in prison for years and expect him to be rehabilitated without work. The Bible says, ``Remember the prisoner as though in prison with them.''

This bill would make it difficult to operate a prison. Inmates without work who are idle are prisoners that are going to later come back and commit a crime. This bill also has major budget impacts. To those on my side of the aisle who talk about balancing the budget, the cost of this bill over 5 years will be $500 million.

Rehabilitation. Inmates who participate in prison work are less likely to repeat and less prone to violence.

Also, at election time everyone wants to be with the Fraternal Order of Police. It is sort of amusing. My dad was a policeman in the city of Philadelphia, very active in the Fraternal Order of Police. Politicians always like to get the FOP's endorsement. The FOP says, ``The FPI is the most important correctional rehabilitation program of the Bureau of Prisons. Not only does it provide Federal inmates with marketable skills,'' then it goes on to say it opposes this bill.

Lastly, Chuck Colson who runs Prison Fellowship, who I admire, who frankly has forgotten more about prisons than anybody in this institution on either side knows, sent a letter about this bill where he said the following: ``We regret that we must oppose your prison work legislation. We applaud you for working to reform Federal Prison Industries, and your bill makes many good and important reforms. In fact, we did not oppose bringing your bill to the floor because we think this important issue needs to be debated. However,'' and they underline, ``your bill does not set up an alternative system.''

That is the key. There is no alternative system ``for replacing the jobs that will be lost when your reforms are implemented. That would be tragic, and it is for this reason that we must oppose your bill.''

He goes on to say, ``Prison work programs are an essential part of changing prisoners' lives.'' We cannot put a man or woman in prison for all of these years and then expect them to come out with a changed life. They end by saying, ``We advocate work programs because they are beneficial to society.'' How we treat them in prison will determine what type of neighbors they will be.

Mr. Chairman, I will submit these letters for inclusion in the Record.

If this bill is not amended, I believe, and I may be wrong, that this bill, as surely as the night follows the day, will make it very difficult to operate prisons and will result in men not having the rehabilitation and the dignity, which I predict will lead to more crime in these United States.

This bill raises the issue of job loss, but the enemy is China, and yet this bill does not deal with China. The enemy here is China. The jobs are leaving and going to China. The furniture business took a gun and fired it at the FPI when China is really to blame.

The letters previously referred to follow:

Grand Lodge,

Fraternal Order of Police,

Washington, DC, November 4, 2003.

Hon. J. Dennis Hastert,

Speaker of the House, House of Representatives, Washington,

Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words.

(Mr. WOLF asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.)

Mr. Chairman, I listened to the gentleman from Mississippi. I was walking back to my office. He really made a lot of good points. I was going to make them, and I had 4 minutes.

Let me just say, he is right. You are shooting at American prisoners who are trying to be rehabilitated, when China has taken more jobs from this country. But somebody said China is not the enemy.

China has about 11 Catholic bishops in jail today according to the Cardinal Kung Foundation, if anybody read, I did a Special Order on it--11 Catholic bishops. They have 250 evangelical house church leaders in jail today. They have plundered Tibet. Tibet is a wreck. I have been to Lhasa. Lhasa is a dirty Chinese city. Lhasa is no longer the Tibetan capital. The Muslims. China is pounding the Muslims in the northwest portion of the country.

Spying. The gentleman from Mississippi is right. The FBI comes before my appropriations subcommittee. They gave me a classified briefing. I can tell you that the Chinese are spying against us more so than the Russians were doing it. Yet what does this body do with regard to China? Zero. Zip. Not a thing.

The gentleman is right. I was opposed to granting normal trade to China. I am a free-trader. A lot of you rushed down here to give MFN to the Chinese. They are spying against us; they sold weapons to Saddam Hussein.

Remember watching that show one day? The shopping center hit in Kuwait was from a Chinese missile, sold by China to Iraq.

I know some members are frustrated because you are losing some jobs, and I want to do something to help keep jobs here. Yet you do not deal with those who are persecuting fundamentalists, who are persecuting Christians, persecuting Catholics and Protestants. I never hear anybody here speak about it. I never hear this House speak about that issue.

Tibet. Many came to see the Dalai Lama, but nobody talks about the persecution of the Buddhists. Muslims. Many of you represent large Muslim areas. Why do you not speak out when China is persecuting the Muslim faith? Spying against us. Why do you not speak out? The gentleman from Mississippi (Mr. Taylor) is right, China is spying against us.

China is taking high-tech jobs from us. We lost 600,000 jobs. Maybe some changes ought to be made in the FPI. The gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Hoekstra) is a good guy, and it pains me to be on the opposite side. Hopefully, something can be done.

There is an amendment that the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Scott) has about repatriation, but we are fundamentally not dealing with a major issue here.

The gentleman from Mississippi (Mr. Taylor) was right. Generally he makes a lot of sense, a lot of times. I know I am using this opportunity on a bill dealing with FPI, but we are ignoring--this side and that side--are ignoring the persecution of people of faith in China.

Do you know if you need a new kidney, for $50,000 you can get it in China? Do you want to see it? Come by my office. They are shooting people in the back of the neck. They put the bayonet up high so the body goes rigid, they shoot them, they throw the body in a canvas bag, they put it in an ambulance, and in a half hour they are doing a transplant.

When does this Congress ever speak out? When does the Congress speak out on that issue? The Congress does not. There are more slave labor camps in China today than there were in Russia when Solzhenitzyn wrote the book ``Gulag Archipelago.'' Does this Congress ever speak out about it?

About the FPI, I know members are frustrated, and want to do something. You want to deal with this issue. But we're talking about a handful of jobs that are helping to train people so when they get out of prison they have some rehabilitation and some dignity. The gentleman from Mississippi is exactly right.

Mr. Chairman, what is America if not a Nation that stands up for basic decency and human rights? What is America if it is not a people that speaks out for those who cannot speak out for themselves? And what will America become if we fail to speak out against dictators and despots who oppress and brutalize their own people?

China has for too long been at liberty to detain and torture and intimidate and oppress good men and women for their religious beliefs. As the world's greatest democracy and the symbol of hope for millions, America has a duty and an obligation to speak out for the oppressed people of the world. We fail in our duty if we do nothing.

It was the British philosopher and statesman Edmund Burke who said that Representatives owe you not just their industry but also their judgment. As Representatives and beholders of American ideals, we should speak out on the issue of the persecution of those of faith in China.

The litany of abuses committed by the Government of China toward its own people is long and senseless. I recently held a meeting with a number of groups who have spent years in documenting the numerous abuses committed by the Chinese Government upon the Chinese people. In the coming days, I will be highlighting the plight of different groups of long-suffering Chinese people so that colleagues can better understand the depth of this problem in China. The material I will be submitting today was prepared by the International Religious Freedom Commission, and I hope Members will read it.

As I close, 10 Catholic bishops are in China today under house arrest, and this government, our government, our Congress and the administration, does not act. The Protestant Church is being abused and beaten in China and we have refused to speak out. The Chinese have plundered Tibet, and yet the West is quiet. Muslims are being persecuted in the northwest portion of China, and yet the West speaks out not at all. The Falun Gong are being persecuted almost on a daily basis.

I think this is an opportunity to hear, in their own words, what all of these groups have to tell us in the Congress and us in the United States and us in the West about what is taking place, so that we know we should speak out on their behalf, particularly next year when the Geneva resolution with regard to condemning China on human rights comes up.

Depending on the religious organization in question, the Chinese government provided various justifications to defend its policy of repression. Its action to restrict religious belief and practice, however, go far beyond what is necessary to protect legitimate state interests.

Since 2001, the Communist government has engaged in a persistent campaign of banning some religious groups while insisting on registration for others. Many groups, particularly Christian house churches, have refused, understandably fearful that providing membership rosters would lead to regular surveillance by party and government agencies.

The government's policy of designating religious or spiritual organizations as ``cults'' has led to tragic outcomes for millions of religious believers. All too often victims are sentenced to ``re- education through labor camps,'' administered by the notorious Ministry of Public Security, which appears to perpetrate human rights abuses with absolute impunity. Persons adhering to ``unacceptable'' faiths have been given prison sentences of up to three years without a right to a hearing, without counsel and without judicial determination of their cases.

There are at least 30 million Protestant Christians in China. Mostly, believers belong to independent house churches. Purely on account of their faith, properties belonging to or used by such groups have been confiscated, closed, or destroyed and members have been detained, tortured, and subjected to other forms of government harassment.

In June 2003, 12 members of a house church in Guna Village in Yunnan province were arrested after they sought registration with the local government. On June 6, in response to the government's ``invitation'' to complete the registration process, the 12 church leaders were arrested for engaging in ``feudalistic superstition.'' Eight of the 12 were immediately sentenced to three years in ``re-education through labor'' camps, while the other four were indicted and are being held for trial.

In late August 2003, local officials arrested 170 house church Christians in Nanyang county, Henan province after local police reportedly raided the meeting place where the worship service was being conducted. The report indicates that the 14 leaders of the group are currently being held in detention, possibly facing serious charges, while the other members were released after having been fined, fingerprinted, and warned against continuing their activities.

The Chinese Communist state has, since the 1950s, banned the Roman Catholic Church, replacing it with the state-approved Catholic Patriotic Association. Through this state organization, the Communist government has claimed the exclusive right to appoint Chinese bishops. Most Chinese clerics, however, have refused to accept the legitimacy of government appointees. As a result, many Roman Catholic bishops and priests have been harassed, detained, or imprisoned.

According to the Cardinal Kung Foundation, a number of Catholic bishops and priests who refuse to submit to government tutelage remain in prison or in detention and the status of other priests and lay persons remains unknown. As of August 2003, at least 10 Catholic bishops, including Bishop Su Zhimin, whose whereabouts are unknown, are imprisoned, in detention, under house arrest, or under surveillance.

In Tibet, Buddhist monks and nuns serve lengthy sentences for voicing their allegiance to the Dalai Lama. In point of fact, the great majority of Tibetan political prisoners are monks and nuns.

The longest-serving Tibetan political prisoner, Tagna Jigme Zangpo, was granted a medical parole to come to the United States in summer 2002 when he was in the middle of a 28-year sentence before his ``early'' release. Ngawang Sandrol, a member of the famous Tibetan ``Singing Nuns'' who was released last year, had served over 10 years in the infamous Drapchi Prison before her release. According to the Tibet Information Network, the State Department, and the testimony of former Tibetan nuns like Ngawang Sandrol, many of these prisoners have been severely beaten and subjected to other extreme forms of punishment. Some have died in prison.

The Chinese government has denied repeated requests, including from the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights, for access to the 12-year- old boy whom the Dalai Lama recognizes as the 11th Panchen Lama. Government officials have stated that he is being ``held for his own safety,'' while at the same time insisting that another boy is the true Panchen Lama.

The Chinese government's official ban on the Falun Gong movement, in 1999, has meant heightened government repression for all religious organizations designated by the government as ``cults.'' According to Falun Gong practitioners, as many as 100,000 of their members have been sent to labor camps without trial. They claim that as many as 700 may have died as a result of police brutality either while in prison or after their release.

In largely Muslim Xinjiang, religious freedom is severely curtailed by the government, which indiscriminately links Muslim religious expression with ``separatist'' or ``terrorist'' acts. The indiscriminate repression of the Uighur people is best exemplified by the arrest and imprisonment of Rebiya Kadeer, a prominent Uighur businesswoman and activist, who was arrested in 1999 after she met with a visiting U.S. congressional delegation. Close supervision of all mosques in the region by local Communist Party officials is now commonplace.

China repeatedly engages in severe--systematic, egregious--violations of religious freedom. If our ideals and what America stands for--both at home and abroad--are to mean anything, then we must not shrink from this issue. We must not allow human considerations to come secondary to the pursuit of trade.

We must dare to speak out for those who have no voice.

Mr. Chairman, over the last two weeks I have submitted testimony from various groups that I have been meeting with regarding China's continual abuse of human rights. Whether it be restrictions on religious freedom; the persecution and arrest of Catholics and Protestants; the use of barbaric labor camps; the continual victimization of members of the Falun Gong; or the abhorrent and coercive One-Child policy, China's government continues to show nothing but contempt for its citizens and the opinions of the rest of the world.

These offenses alone should be enough to condemn the government of China. However, on top of these crimes the People's Republic of China poses a great and serious counterintelligence threat to America, the extent of which will, I have no doubt, concern our colleagues greatly.

An Unclassified Report from the FBI on the People's Republic of China

Intelligence Collection Efforts

The People's Republic of China (PRC) poses a significant

counterintelligence threat to the United States (U.S.) via

its cadre of professional intelligence officers who collect

political, military and economic intelligence, and its

network of non-professional individuals and organizations

that collect science and technology, high-tech and

proprietary information completely outside the direction and

control of the PRC Intelligence Services.

The PRC's professional military intelligence organization,

the Military Intelligence Department of the People's

Liberation Army (MID/PLA), also known as the Second

Department of the PLA (2PLA), relies mainly on intelligence

collection through its military attaches. The PRC's military

seeks military, science and technology, and some political

information through its contacts and agents. In 1987, PRC

military attache Hou Desheng was interdicted by FBI Special

Agents in Washington, D.C. while receiving and paying for

classified U.S. Government information.

The PRC's professional civilian intelligence, the Ministry

of State Security, targets U.S. political and policy

information, runs influence operations against Taiwan and

other political targets, attempts to penetrate the U.S.

Government, and directs a growing number of covert science

and technology collection operations. Collection operations

from this civilian segment of the PRC Intelligence Services

are difficult to counter because the Chinese typically insist

that the physical transfer of documents or items take place

in the PRC. PRC civilian intelligence officers in the U.S.

direct part of their efforts toward developing as many

Americans of Chinese ancestry into what the PRC terms

``patriotic Overseas Chinese.''

An example of the Ministry of State Security's success in

penetrating the U.S. Government was the Larry Wu-tai Chin

case. Chin, a U.S. Government employee of 30 years, was an

actual agent of the Ministry of State Security. While

residing in the U.S. and during his employment with the

government, Chin provided information to the Ministry of

State Security for over 40 years. Chin was arrested for

espionage activities in 1985 and was subsequently convicted

of those charges in 1986. Chin committed suicide prior to

being sentenced.

Like most countries operating intelligence services within

the U.S., the PRC employs a number of commonly-used

collection techniques. Their intelligence services attempt to

gain access to sensitive foreign facilities, try to meet

individuals with access to classified information, and

attempt to photograph military installations and equipment.

However, the PRC employs several non-traditional methods and

unlike most other countries, the PRC makes extensive use of

non-intelligence personnel.

Consumers of intelligence such as China's production

facilities, laboratories and research institutes often bypass

professional intelligence services in favor of direct

intelligence collection efforts. Opportunities to accomplish

direct collection within the U.S. are facilitated through the

very large number of temporary visitors in private companies,

academic institutions, and U.S. Government facilities. A

significant number of these delegation members are science

and technology experts, often characterized by their American

hosts as aggressive and extremely knowledgeable in their

professional fields. In many cases, Chinese-Americans

employed by these entities and institutions are sought out by

members of the PRC delegations as persons who might be

willing to assist them.

In 1997, Peter Lee pleaded guilty to transmitting U.S.

national defense information to the PRC. The consumer of

Lee's information was a PRC institute, not a traditional PRC

intelligence service. In 2002, a PRC national was arrested

for attempting to steal proprietary seismic-imaging software

from a Silicon Valley company. This was the second

unsuccessful attempt by an employee of a PRC based company to

obtain this proprietary software within a span of five years.

Later in 2002, two PRC nationals were indicted for economic

espionage related to their attempted theft of trade secrets

from several Silicon Valley companies. These two individuals

were subsequently linked to a PRC based high-technology

research and development program.

As the PRC's varied presence in the U.S. continues to grow,

more PRC nationals find themselves in positions of direct or

indirect access to items of intelligence interest to China.

If they can find the right consumer, PRC nationals involved

in intelligence collection may be in a position to profit

from their services. These individuals do not operate under

the direction or control of either the military or civilian

PRC intelligence services.

In 1994, two PRC nationals were indicted on computer fraud

and fraud by wire in connection with the theft of $950,000 of

proprietary computer source code developed by a U.S. firm.

The end-user of the code was a Chinese machinery import and

export company. Evidence collected in the investigation

indicated that the two perpetrators had shopped the computer

source code around for the best price.

Whether directed by one of its intelligence services,

manufacturing sectors or research institutes, the PRC threat

to U.S. policy, intelligence, military, national security and

proprietary/economic information is growing. In response to

this expanding PRC threat, the FBI, in conjunction with the

U.S. Intelligence Community, continues to pursue an

aggressive and focused counterintelligence program.

I yield to the gentleman from Michigan.

Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong support of the Scott amendment.

Mr. Chairman, it could really make all of the difference in the world with regard to this bill. So Members understand what it is, basically these are goods that are no longer made in the United States. For instance, television sets. There are no television sets made in the U.S., or the automatic car locker that we have. Most of them, I have been told, are made in China.

This would say only goods that are made outside of the United States would be repatriated back and could be made in prisons. This would create additional jobs and competition with foreign companies, and also create jobs for Americans, such as the truck drivers who bring the supplies to the prison, the people who supply the plastics and the wire, whatever the case may be.

This would create jobs, and it would be almost like the reintroduction of these companies and these industries that have long ago left the United States, to bring them back in. This could be a very, very powerful amendment that would help our economy create jobs, rehabilitate prisons, but create jobs by the people who make the supplies and make whatever. There are none. If you go out today and search, you cannot find a television set that is made in the United States. Maybe the prisoners could make television sets not in competition with any American company, which would really make a tremendous difference.

I strongly urge the support of the Scott amendment which would really make a big difference in rehabilitation, both with regard to our economy and also helping prisoners and helping create jobs here in the United States.

Mr. Speaker, I am very concerned about the current human rights situation in North Korea and that nation's pursuit of a nuclear weapons program. The leadership of the North Korean government has proven to be volatile and unpredictable with a tight rein on a very closed, repressed society.

Thousands of American soldiers are stationed in South Korea to ease the tensions between North and South Korea.

The North Korean government is one of the worst abusers of human rights in the world, and 1.5 million North Koreans have already died of starvation. The international community must pressure North Korea to reach an agreement to end its quest for nuclear weapons. A country that suppresses its people and poses a threat to its neighbors cannot be allowed to possess nuclear weapons.

I submit for the Record a recent Wall Street Journal article detailing a proposal from Hwang Jang Yop, North Korea's highest-ranking defector. Hwang's proposal for peace and security focuses on regime change and a larger international focus on the human rights situation.

[From the Wall Street Journal, Oct. 28, 2003]

Unwelcome Truths

(By Melanie Kirkpatrick)

Seoul--North Korea's highest-ranking defector arrived

safely in Washington yesterday despite North Korea's threat

to ``shoot his plane out of the sky'' if he dared to visit

the U.S.

This is the first trip to the U.S. for Hwang Jang Yop, the

former head of North Korea's Workers Party and president of

Kim Il Sung University who defected to the South in 1997. He

brings with him a two-prong proposal for what he calls the

peaceful reunification of the Korean Peninsula: regime change

and greater international focus on the human-rights abuses of

the North. In an interview here on the eve of his departure,

Mr. Hwang said: ``I want to emphasize the importance of

eliminating the Kim Jong Il regime.'' How to do that? ``The

U.S. should put the issue of human rights at the top of its

agenda in its dialogue'' with North Korea.

Mr. Hwang is an unlikely champion of human rights in North

Korea. Now 80 years old, he spent his career in the service

of the brutal regime he now denounces. He was the North's

ideologue-in-chief--founder and leading proponent of the

``juche'' ideology of self-reliance that Kim Il Sung, father

of current leader Kim Jong Il, used to justify his

totalitarian rule. The old Stalinist now says both Kims

distorted his philosophy, which is really about

``democracy.''

One would think that the one place in the world where the

campaign to free the North Korean people would be taken most

seriously would be South Korea, where Mr. Hwang lived under

virtual house arrest until recently. Think again.

Most Koreans are well informed about the brutal realities

of life in the North but prefer to look the other way. It's

much pleasanter to contemplate reunification fantasies such

as the one portrayed in a recent hit movie about a cross-

border romance between a South Korean woman and a North

Korean soldier. Last week's chilling report on the North

Korean gulags made it into some South Korean papers but

wasn't front-page news. Students demonstrated against Mr.

Hwang's U.S. visit last week, protesting his anti-North Korea

message.

If the South Korean people seem indifferent to the plight

of their brothers and sisters in the North, it's in large

part because their political leaders remain silent.

President Roh Moo Hyun was a human-rights lawyer before

taking office earlier this year but human rights north of

the DMZ is way down on his priority list. To his credit,

Mr. Roh is allowing Mr. Hwang to visit the U.S.--something

his predecessor, Kim Dae Jung (another human-rights

activist who lost his voice when it came to the human-

rights horrors in the North) refused to permit for fear of

angering Kim Jong Il.

The official refusal to speak out about the human-rights

abuses of Kim Jong Il's regime was on full display last week

during an interview with the South's minister of unification,

whom I met on the day the gulag report was released. For

North Koreans, Minister Jeong Se Hyun said, ``political

freedom is a luxury, like pearls for a pig. The improvement

of economic conditions for the North Korean people is the

most important issue right now.''

``Once the economic situation is improved,'' he said, then

North Korea can focus on human rights. As for linking any

deal with the North to progress on human rights: ``I don't

think it would be wise or effective if we try to negotiate

the human rights condition or to pursue our policies with

human rights as a condition,'' Mr. Jeong said. In other

words: Whatever you do, don't annoy Kim Jong Il.

South Korea's constitution requires it to welcome any North

Korean who wants to come to the South. Yet in the 50 years

since the end of the Korean War, the South has accepted fewer

than 3,000 refugees. Most have come in the past two years,

thanks in large part to the efforts of several private groups

dedicated to helping North Koreans find refuge in the South.

The rescuers, many of whom are Christian, differ among

themselves over how best to help. One faction prefers to work

out of the public eye. Another faction pursues high-profile

tactics such as helping asylum-seekers flood embassies in

China. Its aim is to draw international attention to the

plight of the quarter-million or more North Korean refugees

hiding in China.

There's another aspect too--money. ``I don't mean to sound

mercenary,'' says Tim Peters, an American missionary here.

``But in some respects running into a consulate in China is

cost effective.'' Smuggling a refugee out through Mongolia or

Vietnam costs $1,000 to $3,000 per person, he says. Mr.

Peters adds that money also talks in North Korea's gulags.

``It's easier to spring someone from a North Korean prison

than from a Chinese prison,'' he says.

The high-profile tactics are taking their toll on rescuers'

ability to help the North Korean refugees in China. Police

security around embassies and consulates is tighter than

ever. In the past five or six months, the highly effective

Chinese intelligence service appears to have replaced

provincial police in tracking down refugees. This is one

reason, rescuers believe, for the failure of a plan earlier

this year to smuggle out two boatloads of refugees from a

northern Chinese port.

It is also becoming more treacherous along China's border

with North Korea, where two million ethnic Koreans have long

helped feed, house and hide those fleeing North Korea. Last

month China sent 150,000 soldiers to replace the border

guards, a measure viewed in the rescuer community as a

crackdown on border crossings.

The four or five South Koreans in jail in China for helping

refugees have received little help from their government. In

contrast, Japan aggressively sought--and got--the release of

two of its citizens arrested in China for helping refugees.

It's a powerful deterrent for South Koreans who want to help

to realize that their government won't come to their aid if

they are arrested.

In Seoul, a few opposition politicians are finally

beginning to turn their attention to human rights in the

North. Park Jin, spokesman of the Grand National Party, which

holds a majority in the National Assembly, faults the Roh government for ``avoiding the issue.'' His party urges the government to do two things: press China to let the United Nations have access to the refugees and prepare South Korea for a possible flood of refugees. ``We have an obligation to help,'' he says.

Another eloquent voice is Kim Suk Woo, former vice minister

of unification and now in the powerful post of chief of staff

to the speaker of the National Assembly. ``As Koreans, we

have a duty to support the refugees. As human beings we have

a duty to support them,'' says Mr. Kim. ``This kind of exodus

could be a catalyst for the collapse of Kim Jong Il's

regime.''

The Roh administration ``is careful not to provoke North

Korea,'' he says. He is particularly scornful of Seoul's

refusal last April to support a U.N. resolution condemning

the North's human-rights abuses. And he criticizes the

decision by the government of Kim Dae Jung--continued by the

Roh government--to halt the South's air drops of radios into

the North. All radios in North Korea must be registered with

the authorities and permanently tuned to government stations.

A South Korean radio is a listening post on freedom.

There's a debate in Seoul over Mr. Hwang's motives in

calling attention to the North's

human-rights abuses. Some believe him to be sincere; others

say he is looking for publicity. But still others suggest the

defector could be driven by guilt over what happened after he

left Pyongyang. Information doesn't readily make its way out

of North Korea. But when it's useful to his purposes, Kim

Jong Il makes sure certain news is delivered.

And so the word has filtered back to Mr. Hwang in Seoul

about the fate of the family he had left behind. His wife

committed suicide. So too, the reports say, did one of his

daughters. She is said to have jumped off a bridge to her

death while being taken to a prison camp. Two other daughters

and a son are lost in the gulag.

This is the reality of life in North Korea--and the truth

that Mr. Hwang will be telling in Washington this week.

Mr. Speaker, I want to second what the gentleman from Maryland (Mr. Hoyer) said. Because of Frank McCloskey's life, there are a lot of people alive in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Kosovo. He, along with several other Members, did more to sensitize this Congress, which was not very interested at that time in those areas. Neither the Clinton administration nor the Congress, quite frankly, wanted to do anything with regard to what took place. Frank McCloskey went over there and because of his actions did a lot of good and saved a lot of lives.

Also, as many people know, even after Congressman McCloskey left this Congress, he continued his work. He did not let this cause go. I want to rise to salute Congressman McCloskey; and on behalf of all of the people that are alive in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia and Kosovo, who may not even know the reason why, I thank

Frank on their behalf and want to let his family know he made a tremendous difference not only for their district, not only for our country, but for our entire world.

Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman for yielding me the time.

Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of H.R. 2620, the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003. I want to particularly commend the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Smith) for his leadership in Congress and around the world on combatting trafficking but also on all of these issues. Whenever we see the House is ready to take up an issue like trafficking or to help the exploited, whether it be women or children, the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Smith) will always be here; the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos) will always be there; the gentleman from Illinois' (Mr. Hyde) name will always be on the bill. So I just want to particularly thank the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Smith) today and the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos) for their efforts with regard to this issue.

I also want to thank the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hyde) for his work in moving this legislation. All of them, the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Smith), the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos), and the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hyde), have shown great leadership and vision and commitment in human rights on all of these issues.

I also want to particularly commend the Office of Trafficking at the State Department. It has done a good job under the leadership of our former colleague, John Miller. John Miller was a great Member of Congress. He represented the Seattle area and used to vote against giving MFN to the barbarians in China because they were persecuting Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Tibetans, the Dalai Lama's people there. Yet John Miller used to get up and always oppose granting MFN and Seattle was ground zero with regard to Boeing.

John has done an outstanding job. The State Department produces an annual report that is improved each year on the status of trafficking in every country, and John has played a key, key role.

I heard the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos) mention it as I was walking in. I want to commend the President of the United States, President George Bush. I was pleasantly surprised, not surprised but pleased, to see the statement that the President made when he addressed the U.N., and he said there is a special evil in the abuse and exploitation of the most innocent and vulnerable. He went on to say we must show new energy in fighting back an old evil, and that is what the bill that the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Smith) and the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos) are handling today; and he said nearly two centuries after the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade, more than a century after slavery was initially ended in its last stronghold, to trade in human beings for any purpose must not be allowed to thrive in our time. The President was right, and I want to commend and we should commend the President for providing the leadership and putting John Miller where he is and working with the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Smith) and the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos) and the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hyde) to take care of this problem.

Also, I would urge at the end we remember in our own city, there are several hundred thousand young women who are sexually trafficked here in the United States. As we tell countries abroad, put pressure on them, we have to make sure we do everything. So modeling what the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Smith) and the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos) and the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hyde) did, we are going to try to have a national conference next year dealing with the issue in our own country so that we can eliminate this, not just reduce it, but eliminate it.

So in closing, I urge all Members to support this and want to again thank the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Smith), the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos), and the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hyde) because those three each and every time have been down here defending the weak, the vulnerable in our society.

Mr. Speaker, it is my pleasure today to recognize my constituent Mr. Frank Raflo, of Leesburg, VA, upon his receipt of ``The Hixon Award,'' the highest award presented by Kiwanis International.

Frank, referenced fondly by friends and associates as ``Mr. Leesburg,'' has earned the admiration of many for his tireless efforts on behalf of the community. Frank served Leesburg as mayor, county supervisor and chairman of the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors. Now in his early eighties he remains active on the Governor's Council of Virginia Towns and writes his weekly column ``Just Being Frank,'' for the Leesburg Today newspaper.

In 1957, Frank and some associates founded the Leesburg Kiwanis Club and soon after instituted the Leesburg Halloween Parade, said to be the largest of its kind east of the Mississippi River.

No recognition of Frank's contributions to the Leesburg community would be complete without mention of his wife Frances, a source of inspiration and encouragement.

I am proud to call attention to the achievements of Frank Raflo as he is honored with this prestigious award. On behalf of the people of Virginia's 10th Congressional District and the Leesburg community, I congratulate Frank for his outstanding contributions to the community.

Mr. Chairman, I claim the time in opposition.

Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume.

Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong opposition to the amendment. There is a peace agreement ready to be signed in Sudan. Osama bin Laden lived in Sudan from 1991 to 1996. The terrorists who attempted to kill Mubarak came out of Sudan. Probably the weapons for Adid that killed our American soldiers in Somalia came out of Sudan. To take this money out of the administration's hands now would be a mistake. There is a civil war going on: 18 years, 2 million people killed. So that part of the amendment would just devastate what the administration is trying to do, and Members on both sides have worked very hard on this for years.

With regard to Liberia, over 250,000 persons have lost their lives in the Liberian conflict. Mass graves, 1.3 million people uprooted, women raped, atrocities under Charles Taylor. The decision to create the peacekeeping force has already been made. The administration decided that using the United Nations would allow us to bring peace and good governance to Liberia. Also, we did not want American soldiers to serve therein, and this was the substitute; so none of the 15,000 will be Americans. The U.S. voted to establish the peacekeeping mission. This is really our idea. It rests with the unanimous Security Council vote. The $245 million is our share. If the funding in this supplemental is stricken, we will not be able to pay these bills, and we will be in arrears; and it will be a disaster for the people of Sudan and a disaster for the people of Liberia.

Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.

Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume.

I yield to the gentlewoman from California.

Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Goode) is a good friend of mine, and we have been friends for a long time. I think we just see differences here. I would strongly urge a ``no'' vote on the amendment.

Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. Speaker, I continue today to bring to our colleagues' attention the Chinese government's perpetual human rights abuses and would like to highlight the atrocious acts of barbarism that have arisen from the government's One-Child Policy.

In the long list of cruel acts committed by the government of China against its own people, this one is the most inhuman. Forced abortion, sterilization and the abandonment of female children in favor of males are the end results of this policy. None of our colleagues would tolerate such treatment toward their own mothers, wives, daughters and grand-daughters and it is no more acceptable because we cannot see the faces or know the names of those living in terror.

``In Their Own Words'' Statements on China's Coercive One-Child Policy

Provided by the Laogai Research Foundation

For over 20 years, the Chinese government's one-child

policy has perpetuated systemic human rights abuses against

the Chinese family.

Using threats, coercion, destruction of property,

detention, forced abortion, infanticide, involuntary use of

birth control (IUDs), and involuntary sterilization as its

enforcement mechanisms, China's population control policy is,

at its core, depriving Chinese the right to give birth.

Police, secret police, military, courts, social services,

schools, and hospitals coordinate efforts to ensure maximum

compliance.

Official one-child policy propaganda offers a variety of

distasteful and cruel slogans; One Sterilization Honors Whole

Family! (Shandong), One Over-birth, Whole Village Sterilized!

(Chuxiong, Yunnan); Sterilization Dodgers Wanted! (Sichuan);

Better One Family Ruined Than Whole Nation Devastated

(Shandong); Induced Delivery and Abortion Wherever Possible,

But Never Birth! (Shandong); Better Ten Graves Than One

Birth! (Anhui); Better One River of Blood than One Over-

birth! (Jiangsu).

Women are often forced to use IUDs or undergo

sterilization, sometimes even before they have had their

first child. Parents and their children who violate planning

laws become outcasts, ineligible for government services and

benefits.

This policy has created a culture where forced abortions,

infanticide, and orphaned children are commonplace.

No government documents ever explicitly stipulates that an

offender's house can be ransacked/demolished. However, this

happens in several rural areas.

Most family-planning offices in Fujian rural areas have

their own detention facilities, one for men and one for

women. Most detainees are women, some are pregnant without

``birth-permitted certificates,'' some are to be sterilized

or be fined. If a woman cannot be seized, her husband,

brothers or parents are taken. Women are generally not

released until they give consent to sterilization or

abortion.

Some women bribed physicians and received falsified

sterilization certificates. However, if Yonghe office

suspects the certificates, the women are given acid with

water flushed through their oviducts.

The traditional predilection for male offspring, combined

with coercive nature of the one child policy, has created an

environment where females are simply unwanted. As China

prohibits the use of sonograms, the decision to keep one's

child is not made until after the child is born. As a result,

gender-based infanticide and child abandonment are

commonplace. In addition, there is a healthy black market for

infants and fetuses (used in soup/cosmetics) in China.

Mr. Speaker, women and children--the most innocent segment of our global community--comprise the majority of the poorest people in the our world.

During my time in Congress, I have witnessed much of this suffering first hand in many of the world's poorest nations.

While the names of the suffering and the causes of their pain differ from place to place, they all share common experiences of horror and human tragedy. Genocide, murder, slavery, famine, HIV/AIDS and corruption. Limbless children bearing the scars of endless civil wars. Child soldiers forced to fight. Babies so malnourished that they cannot even cry out in hunger. Refugee camps crowded by young orphans, robbed of their parents and all alone. A continuing cycle of hunger, homelessness, poverty and pain.

America has been blessed with abundance. The Book of Luke in the Bible says, ``To whom much is given, much is required.'' When the American people--who I believe are the most generous people in the world--see suffering, see hunger, see homelessness and poverty and pain--they want to help. When they see people who are hurting, they want to help. The American people will open their wallets and they will support giving their tax dollars to reach out to those in need.

That generosity has been the guiding principle of foreign assistance and humanitarian aid throughout our nation's history. I have no doubt whatsoever that generosity will continue.

That principle also has guided the mission of the dedicated employees of the U.S. Agency for International Development, now under the bold leadership of Administrator Andrew Natsios, and the dozens of non- governmental organizations and their volunteers, who reach out daily around the globe--from the deserts of Africa to the jungles of Central America to the rice fields of the Far East--to bring help to the poorest of the poor. I have seen the good work they do.

There is an expectation, however, that the assistance sent abroad is reaching those who truly need the help, that it is having a long-term impact on improving lives, and that it is being wisely spent.

I believe it is time to look at this issue with fresh eyes, assess our development and humanitarian assistance programs, both short- and long-term, evaluate who is receiving the assistance and how that assistance is provided, and determine if changes need to be made to allow the generosity of the American people to be felt throughout the world.

That is why I am introducing legislation--``Helping Enhance the Livelihood of People (HELP) Around the Globe Commission Act''--with the goal to help our Nation do a better job of helping those who need it most. My bill will create a 21-member HELP Commission designed to bring the best foreign assistance minds together to focus on one primary question:

How can the United States improve its ability to quickly and effectively provide foreign assistance which is meeting not only short- term, immediate needs, but also has the long-term effect of making a difference in people's lives?

I want to be clear in stating my motivation for this commission. From my work and travels on humanitarian issues, I have the deepest respect for and admiration of the thousands of U.S. aid workers, both government employees and non-governmental organizations, who, often at personal risk, are reaching out to try and help improve the lives of suffering people in every corner of this world. That is why I am also asking the commission to look at how we can better secure our aid workers.

I believe this commission can help them do their jobs even better. Struggling nations face enormous obstacles to lasting development and political stability. It is critical that the international community continue to support and encourage struggling countries in their greatest hour of need. And we must find ways to improve our ability to do so.

The United States has a vital national interest--and I believe a moral obligation--to help poor nations so that they can provide their people with freedom, economic opportunity, functioning governments and most importantly--healthy and productive lives.

The HELP Commission also can find answers to other questions, such as:

Do we need a new vision to guide our foreign aid efforts?

Should we change the ratio between providing immediate humanitarian assistance and long-term assistance?

As those questions are pondered, we must be open enough to admit if and how previous policies have failed, and smart enough to expand upon our prior successes.

This panel must absorb the essence of our foreign assistance efforts and contemplate every aspect of our development, humanitarian and food aid programs, from the moment they are created to the moment the aid arrives on the ground.

The commissioners also must identify the root causes of a country's decline, or barriers to another country's accession, and recommend long-term strategies for ways our Nation's aid can make the most successful impact.

Over the past 50 years, according to information provided by the Congressional Research Service, the United States has given a total of $152.5 billion in development assistance and food aid to countries and their people all over the world. Reports indicate that many aid recipients may be no better off today than they were decades ago.

I am asking this commission to also answer other questions:

Can we say with honesty that our efforts have left the majority of intended recipients better off?

While there are many success stories, are there better ways to do the job?

This commission will look at aid contributed all over the world from Central America to the Balkins, from Africa to Asia.

Take Sudan, for example. The United States gave $1.7 billion in development and food aid to Sudan over the last 50 years. Just in the last 20 years, more than 2.2 million people in Sudan have died as a result of the ongoing civil war there. I have been to Sudan four times and have seen the suffering.

I have also been to Congo where the U.S. has sent $724 million worth of development assistance and food aid over the last 50 years, and much more when you consider the cost of peacekeepers and even though we have tried to help more than 3.3 million innocent people have died in just the last 5 years.

Liberia is another example of a country with a long history of internal strife and instability yet they have continued to collect massive amounts of outside aid that directly benefitted the corrupt government. The United States gave $929 million worth of development assistance aid to Liberia. And just look at the suffering taking place by the people of Liberia.

I have traveled to Ethiopia on two occasions, first in 1984 and again this past January, and over that span there remains little progress, if any, in land reform. Millions of people in Ethiopia are again at risk of starvation. This number is growing as millions more are on a ``watch list'' and in fear of starvation.

The high profile media coverage of the troubled relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea have made these nations the faces of famine, but the pain is not theirs alone. Across the continent of Africa 30 million people are at risk of starvation.

The United States has given $2.4 billion worth of development and food aid to Ethiopia and $233 million to Eritrea over the last 50 years. Yet there has been little land reform and little long-term development.

Hunger and poverty and lives of misery are not just problems in Africa. Look at Haiti. The United States gave Haiti $1.3 billion in development and food aid over the last 50 years and is the largest bilateral donor but Haiti still struggles with poverty, hunger, illiteracy and AIDS.

Corrupt dictators across the globe have become rich off the generosity of the American people. U.S. citizens have the right to expect that their assistance is truly helping the poorest of the poor-- women and children around the globe--and not extending the longevity of corrupt and murderous regimes.

President John F. Kennedy, in his inaugural address on January 20, 1961, spoke of America's mission to help the suffering people of the world. He said, ``To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required-- not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.''

While there is no question in my mind that providing development and humanitarian assistance is the right thing to do, we also have an obligation to make sure that aid is being provided in the right way.

America has always stepped up to the challenge to help the helpless around the globe. The Helping Enhance the Livelihood of People Around the Globe Commission will look at which efforts have succeeded and which have failed, and why. We must be confident that American tax dollars aimed at helping women, children and the poor are being spent wisely and efficiently and are truly making a difference in the lives of people who, as President Kennedy said, ``are struggling to break the bonds of mass misery.''

Mr. Speaker, over the last two weeks I have submitted testimony from various groups that I have been meeting with regarding China's continual abuse of human rights. Whether it be restrictions on religious freedom; the persecution and arrest of Catholics and Protestants; the use of barbaric labor camps; the continual victimization of members of the Falun Gong; or the abhorrent and coercive One-Child policy, China's government continues to show nothing but contempt for its citizens and the opinions of the rest of the world.

These offenses alone should be enough to condemn the government of China. However, on top of these crimes the People's Republic of China poses a great and serious counterintelligence threat to America, the extent of which will, I have no doubt, concern our colleagues greatly.

An Unclassified Report from the FBI on the People's Republic of China

Intelligence Collection Efforts

The People's Republic of China (PRC) poses a significant

counterintelligence threat to the United States (U.S.) via

its cadre of professional intelligence officers who collect

political, military and economic intelligence, and its

network of non-professional individuals and organizations

that collect science and technology, high-tech and

proprietary information completely outside the direction and

control of the PRC Intelligence Services.

The PRC's professional military intelligence organization,

the Military Intelligence Department of the People's

Liberation Army (MID/PLA), also known as the Second

Department of the PLA (2PLA), relies mainly on intelligence

collection through its military attaches. The PRC's military

seeks military, science and technology, and some political

information through its contacts and agents. In 1987, PRC

military attache Hou Desheng was interdicted by FBI Special

Agents in Washington, D.C. while receiving and paying for

classified U.S. Government information.

The PRC's professional civilian intelligence, the Ministry

of State Security, targets U.S. political and policy

information, runs influence operations against Taiwan and

other political targets, attempts to penetrate the U.S.

Government, and directs a growing number of covert science

and technology collection operations. Collection operations

from this civilian segment of the PRC Intelligence Services

are difficult to counter because the Chinese typically insist

that the physical transfer of documents or items take place

in the PRC. PRC civilian intelligence officers in the U.S.

direct part of their efforts toward developing as many

Americans of Chinese ancestry into what the PRC terms

``patriotic Overseas Chinese.''

An example of the Ministry of State Security's success in

penetrating the U.S. Government was the Larry Wu-tai Chin

case. Chin, a U.S. Government employee of 30 years, was an

actual agent of the Ministry of State Security. While

residing in the U.S. and during his employment with the

government, Chin provided information to the Ministry of

State Security for over 40 years. Chin was arrested for

espionage activities in 1985 and was subsequently convicted

of those charges in 1986. Chin committed suicide prior to

being sentenced.

Like most countries operating intelligence services within

the U.S., the PRC employs a number of commonly-used

collection techniques. Their intelligence services attempt to

gain access to sensitive foreign facilities, try to meet

individuals with access to classified information, and

attempt to photograph military installations and equipment.

However, the PRC employs several non-traditional methods and

unlike most other countries, the PRC makes extensive use of

non-intelligence personnel.

Consumers of intelligence such as China's production

facilities, laboratories and research institutes often bypass

professional intelligence services in favor of direct

intelligence collection efforts. Opportunities to accomplish

direct collection within the U.S. are facilitated through the

very large number of temporary visitors in private companies,

academic institutions, and U.S. Government facilities. A

significant number of these delegation members are science

and technology experts, often characterized by their American

hosts as aggressive and extremely knowledgeable in their

professional fields. In many cases, Chinese-Americans

employed by these entities and institutions are sought out by

members of the PRC delegations as persons who might be

willing to assist them.

In 1997, Peter Lee pleaded guilty to transmitting U.S.

national defense information to the PRC. The consumer of

Lee's information was a PRC institute, not a traditional PRC

intelligence service. In 2002, a PRC national was arrested

for attempting to steal proprietary seismic-imaging software

from a Silicon Valley company. This was the second

unsuccessful attempt by an employee of a PRC based company to

obtain this proprietary software within a span of five years.

Later in 2002, two PRC nationals were indicted for economic

espionage related to their attempted theft of trade secrets

from several Silicon Valley companies. These two individuals

were subsequently linked to a PRC based high-technology

research and development program.

As the PRC's varied presence in the U.S. continues to grow,

more PRC nationals find themselves in positions of direct or

indirect access to items of intelligence interest to China.

If they can find the right consumer, PRC nationals involved

in intelligence collection may be in a position to profit

from their services. These individuals do not operate under

the direction or control of either the military or civilian

PRC intelligence services.

In 1994, two PRC nationals were indicted on computer fraud

and fraud by wire in connection with the theft of $950,000 of

proprietary computer source code developed by a U.S. firm.

The end-user of the code was a Chinese machinery import and

export company. Evidence collected in the investigation

indicated that the two perpetrators had shopped the computer

source code around for the best price.

Whether directed by one of its intelligence services,

manufacturing sectors or research institutes, the PRC threat

to U.S. policy, intelligence, military, national security and

proprietary/economic information is growing. In response to

this expanding PRC threat, the FBI, in conjunction with the

U.S. Intelligence Community, continues to pursue an

aggressive and focused counterintelligence program.

Mr. Speaker, I am proud today to recognize Loudoun Country Day School as it celebrates Founders' Day on October 15 and 50 years of academic excellence.

Located in Leesburg, Virginia, Loudoun Country Day School is an accredited, independent, co-educational school which enrolls students in pre-kindergarden through eighth grade cultivating the intellectual, social, emotional and physical growth of each child. Its rigorous core curriculum, nurturing environment and extensive programs in foreign languages, arts, computers and athletics inspires excellence and builds character, preparing each child for the challenges ahead.

In 1953, Dorothy McDonald and Edith Newland founded the school with only seven students. Their dedication to helping each individual student develop their potential to the fullest set the foundation for the success of Loudoun Country Day School.

The pages of the school's history are filled with those who worked long, hard hours to create a facility characterized by challenging students to excel and tailoring curriculum to a student's needs. Books and materials are selected to emphasize the basics and to stimulate interest, challenge capabilities and maximize potential.

The school's humble beginnings in a modern-day one room schoolhouse expanded when Mrs. Stanley Brown donated the family farmhouse and land to the school. In honoring her father's dream of establishing a private school in Loudoun County, Mrs. Brown provided a precious gift to the community.

Many such generous gifts have aided the efforts of the dedicated staff at Loudoun Country Day School. Their continued dedication to program expansion and refinement with emphasis on findings from educational research, coupled with the ongoing professional development of the faculty, have provided the foundation on which their programs have risen to higher levels of excellence.

Loudoun Country Day School and its staff have received numerous honors in the past decade. During the past six years, readers of Leesburg Today have named it the ``Best Private School'' in Loudoun County. In 2002, the headmaster, Dr. Randall Hollister, received the Washington Post's prestigious Distinguished Educational Leadership Award.

Founded on the vision of offering a program beyond what was normally available in the public schools in Loudoun County, Loudoun Country Day School continues to investigate new ways of teaching, with its one goal remaining true to its earliest roots: dedication to helping each individual student develope their potential to the fullest. This is the same objective the school embraced 50 years ago when those first five students stepped into their one-room school.

I salute Loudoun Country Day School, its founders, faculty, students and their families and wish them another 50 years of academic excellence. I enclose for the Record highlights of the 50-year history of Loudoun Country Day School.

Brief History of Loudoun Country Day School

1953: School founded by Dorothy McDonald and Edith Newcomb

with 7 students. Classes are held in the Old Community

College Building on Market Street.

1957-1958: Through the generosity of Mrs. Stanley Brown,

the original farmhouse (Old Newcomb) and adjacent 5.4 acres

are made available to the school.

1959-1960: In March, LCDS is incorporated.

1960-1961: The first section of a new building is completed

with four finished classrooms and one unfinished room for

further expansion. Enrollment--53.

1963: First Headmistress, Mrs. Edith Newcomb, resigns.

1963-1965: Mr. W.D. Harrison is appointed Headmaster. He

serves for 2 years, resigning due to poor health.

1972-1973: Col. Boleyn resigns and A. Thomas Jackson

becomes Headmaster. The third wing of the building is

completed. Enrollment--132.

1975: The school purchases 2.5 additional acres for soccer

fields from Mrs. Lowell Riley.

1979-1980: Firestone Fieldhouse is completed. Enrollment--

155.

1980-1981: A. Thomas Jackson resigns and Raymond C. Nance

becomes Headmaster.

1989-1990: The library is renovated and a computer lab with

10 computers is created.

1992-1993: Raymond Nance resigns and Dr. Randall Hollister

becomes headmaster. Enrollment--178.

1998: A second computer lab of 22 systems added; computer

network added--2 computers per classroom.

1999: School receives gift of 55 acres (``White's Ferry

property) and $200,000 gift made possible by Mr. Henry Brown.

2000: LCS adds 10,000 square feet of classroom space.

2001-2002: Dr. Randall Hollister receives Washington Post

Distinguished Leadership Award.

2003: LCDS offers 2 sections of classes for all grades

except 6th and 8th; enrollment is 256.

October 15, 2003: Founders' Day--Loudoun Country Day School

celebrates 50 years of educational excellence.

Mr. Speaker, you may recall, I have been endeavoring to bring to our colleagues' attention the egregious abuses of human rights by the Chinese government toward its own citizens. Today I will provide information regarding the perpetual and unjustifiable harassment, torture and death of Falun Gong practitioners at the hands of the Chinese government. Many of the victims are old men simply trying to pursue their religious beliefs peaceably. They hope only for what we in America take for granted--the right to follow one's conscience. Instead they are brutalized by the state. I offer these accounts and hope that our colleagues will come to the same conclusion that I did--that we must act to help the persecuted people of China.

``In Their Own Words'' Statements on the Torture of the Falun Gong

Imagine the leader of the world's apparently most-promising

emerging market suddenly banning the faith of one out of

every twelve of his/her own citizens, subjecting them to

arbitrary detention, forced-labor, brainwashing sessions,

physical torture and death, and using a shocking amount of

foreign investment capital to do it. Imagine no more. This is

the reality.

According to the testimonies of thousands of victims, the

Chinese government implemented the persecution through a

three-prong directive to all levels of government:

Destroy Falun Gong practitioners physically through

systematic, state-sanctioned forced-labor, torture and

killings.

Destroy Falun Gong practitioners' reputations through a

worldwide media campaign to demonize Falun Gong and falsely

depict its practitioners as dangerous ``cult'' members and a

menace to society.

Destroy Falun Gong practitioners financially, which, in a

Communist nation where the government can exercise

significant control over employment and housing, allowed the

government to deny Falun Gong practitioners basic necessities

for living, such as salaries/pensions, employment, education,

housing, etc. in addition to suffering widespread extortion,

confiscation of property and state-enforced fines when

detained by police.

Almost 800 deaths from torture have been verified.

Thousands more people have been forcefully incarcerated in

mental hospitals where many are tortured. More than 100,000

have been sent to forced labor camps, typically without

trial.

In January 2003, after more than 3 years of torture and

abuse, 65 year-old Mr. Quanfu Zhang was beaten to death in a

Chinese forced-labor camp. His 38-year-old son, Qifa Zhang,

died 16 days later from sustained torture in the same labor

camp.

In January of 2003, a U.S. citizen was detained and later

imprisoned where he has been beaten and repeatedly subjected

to brainwashing sessions in an attempt to force him to

renounce his beliefs. His fiance leads a grassroots call for

his release in the U.S.

Sixty-seven year-old Li Jianhou from Nanchong City, Sichuan

Province was tortured to death in Deyang Prison, Sichuan

Province on March 27, 2003. His wife is being held at a local

detention center.

On July 18, 2003, After three years of torture and abuse, a

university teacher from Jilin Province with a master's degree

in philosophy was detained on several occasions for his

practice of Falun Gong. He died in a Chinese Labor Camp.

In August 2003, Ms. Zhengshu Cui, an ethnic Korean and a

graduate of the Baicheng Finance and Trade Training School

who lived in northeastern China, died on August 12, 2003,

from extended torture and abuse sustained while imprisoned

for her beliefs in a forced-labor camp.

In August 2003, after being abducted multiple times and

tortured by local police for his practice of Falun Gong, a

56-year-old farmer from Heilongjiang Province was subjected

to forced-feeding with boiling water. Emaciated and unable to

stand on his own, he died in a Chinese prison.

Mr. Speaker, I continue today to bring to our colleagues attention human rights abuses in China provided here by the Laogai Research Foundation. They tell a desperately tragic story of a peoples thrown into harsh and brutal labor camps--without trial--who are then forced to do dangerous work, are regularly beaten, tortured, deprived of food and sleep, or summarily executed with their organs removed without the consent of the victims or their family. Many of the Chinese government's victims are religious men and women who, simply by wishing to follow their conscience, are considered a danger to the state.

``In Their Own Words'' Statements on Forced Labor, Organ Harvesting and

Capital Punishment in China Provided By Laogai Research Foundation

The Laogai is an integral part of China's economy, serving

as a principal source of cheap labor and organs. Its victims

suffer from torture, arbitrary detainment, forced labor,

organ harvesting, and execution.

Human rights groups have documented over 1,000 Laogai camps

in China and estimate that the Laogai has a population of 4

to 6 million prisoners.

The Chinese Communist Party seeks to single out and

eliminate all who ``endanger state security.'' Thousands of

political/religious prisoners are currently being imprisoned

or otherwise detained, including China Democracy Party

founders Wang Youcai and Qin Yongmin, Internet activists Yang

Zili and Huang Qi, Tiananmen Square demonstrators,

protestants, Catholics, Tibetan nuns and monks, journalists,

academics, and Falun Gong practitioners.

There is little to deter those who inflict torture upon

inmates of the Laogai. Confessions extracted through torture

are routinely used to convict individuals in court. Forms of

torture that are commonly documented in Chinese prisons

include: use of electric batons, beating with fists and

clubs, the use of handcuffs and leg irons in ways that cause

intense pain, suspension by the arms, deprivation of food or

sleep and solitary confinement.

According to conservative estimates, over 200,000 people

are serving sentences in reeducation through labor (Laojiao)

camps with no trial or sentencing procedure of any kind--all

that is necessary is the directive of any official in China's

Public Security Bureau.

All prisoners are forced to meet production quotas that are

enforced through withholding of food rations. Many camps

force prisoners to work 16 to 18 hours a day. Prisoners often

labor in highly unsafe conditions, including work in mines

and with toxic chemicals. Prisoners do not receive payment

for their labor or any profit generated from the products

they produce.

Forced labor is an integral part of China's economy,

producing approximately $800 million dollars in sales.

Despite specific agreements that ban forced labor goods these

goods continue to flow out of China. Cooperation by Chinese

authorities has been characterized by the State Department as

``sporadic, at best.'' Most requests to hold an investigation

are either ignored or denied.

The Laogai's victims also suffer organ harvesting, and

execution.

Despite the claims that prisoners give consent for the use

of their organs for transplant, evidence suggests that an

overwhelming majority of prisoners, or their families, never

gave consent before execution.

Prisoners are shot in the back to preserve their corneas

and shot in the head in order to preserve the heart.

Recently, China began implementing the use of mobile

execution vans, similar to vans used in Nazi Germany prior to

its use of concentration camps. The use of mobile execution

vans will allow doctors to remove organs in a timely manner

and a clean environment.

According to Amnesty International, China executes more

prisoners every year than the rest of the world combined. In

2002, the State Department recorded over 4,000 executions

after summary trials. Some scholars estimate that as many as

10,000-20,000 are executed yearly. According to the Chinese

criminal law code there are over 60 capital offenses.

Prisoners are executed for crimes ranging from murder to

theft to arson to drug trafficking.

Prisoners are occasionally executed in front of crowds in

fields or stadiums.

Mr. Speaker, you may recall that on September 25, I shared with our colleagues that I have been meeting with a number of groups who have been working for years to document and bring to our attention the numerous abuses committed by the Chinese government upon its own people.

The Roman Catholic Church is one such group whose bishops, priests and congregations face continual harassment and persecution. I urge colleagues to read the following statement, provided by the Cardinal Kung Foundation, and hope that it will move them to action as it has moved me.

``In Their Own Words'' Statements on Persecution of the Underground Roman Catholic Church in China Provided by the Cardinal Kung Foundation

The promise of religious freedom in China is a false one.

The Chinese government severely and systematically persecutes

members of China's spiritual communities, including Roman

Catholics, Protestants, Evangelical Christians, Tibetan

Buddhists, Uighur Muslims, and members of the Falun Gong

movement.

The Chinese government views religion as a threat to its

power.

The Religious Affairs Bureau screens religious groups for

official approval or disapproval; monitors membership in

religious organizations; and controls locations of meetings,

religious training, selection of religious hierarchy,

publication of religious materials, and funding for religious

activities. Those groups that defy the control of the

Religious Affairs Bureau face severe consequences: mass

campaigns, surprise raids, imposition of heavy fines,

imprisonment, and torture.

The Chinese government officially permits only those

Catholic churches affiliated with the CCPA. The Chinese

Catholic congregations that continue to recognize the

authority of the Pope constitute the Catholic underground in

China.

The government considers the underground church illegal.

Penalties for belonging to the underground Roman Catholic

Church include exorbitant fines, imprisonment, house arrest,

beatings, and labor camp internment.

Currently, every one of the underground Roman Catholic

Church leaders is either in jail, under house arrest, under

strict surveillance, or in hiding.

Bishop Su Zhimin, the underground Bishop of Baoding, Hebei

was arrested in 1997 and has not been heard from since. His

location and whether he is alive or dead remain unknown.

Bishop An Shuxin, the underground auxiliary Bishop of

Baoding was arrested in March 1996 and is still in jail.

Bishop HaN Dingxiang, the underground Bishop of Yong Nian,

Hebei was arrested in December 1999 and remains in jail.

Bishop ShI Enxiang, the underground Bishop of Yixian, Hebei

was arrested on April 13, 2001 and is yet to be released.

Priests face similar harassment.

Fathers Pang, Ma, and Wang were arrested in July 2002 and

were sentenced to three years in a labor camp for

``disturbing the peace of society'' under the ``cult'' law.

In March 2002 Father Ma Shunbao, 50, was arrested while he

was offering Holy Mass on Easter Sunday and in March 2002

Father Wang Limao, 32, was arrested.

In December 2002, Father Pang Yongzing, 30, was arrested in

his home.

Rev. Dong Yingmu, 37, an underground Roman Catholic priest

serving the diocese of Baoding was kidnaped by the Chinese

authorities during Christmas 2002 when he was on his way to

offer a Holy Mass.

The abuses have continued, recently Father Lin Daoming of

Fuzhou, Fujian was arrested in May 2003 when he returned home

to visit his mother.

In June 2003 Father Lu Xiaozhou of Wenzhou, Zhejiang was

arrested when he was preparing to administer the Sacrament of

Anointing of the Sick to a dying Catholic.

In July Fathers Chen Guozhen, Kang Fuliang, Li Shujun, Pang

Guangzhao, Joseph Yin of Baoding, Hebei were arrested while

on their way to visit another underground priest, Father Lu

Genjun, who was just released from labor camp after serving

there for three years.

As figureheads for the church Roman Catholic Bishops and

Priests are regularly harassed. However, their congregations

are not exempt from state oppression.

On December 12, 2000, the Agency French Press reported that

``authorities in eastern China have shut down, and in many

cases blown up, 450 Catholic and Protestant churches, as well

as Taoist and Buddhist temples.'' Many more churches have

been destroyed since then.

Six Roman Catholics from Wenzhou and Zhejiang went to

DongLu in Baoding, Hebei and were arrested May 2002. They

were fined a total of $3,850 for the ``illegal pilgrimage.''

In July 2002, 31 underground Roman Catholics, 26 of whom

were students under the age of 18, were arrested during a

summer vacation catechism class in a private home.

The National Catholic register reported that ``as many as

23,686 Christians have been arrested since 1983; 20,000 have

been beaten; and 129 have been killed in an effort to stamp

out the underground churches.''

In January 1997, the Cardinal Kung Foundation published a

secret Chinese government document titled ``The Procedures

Legally to Implement the Eradication of Illegal Activities/

Operations of the Underground Catholic Church.''

The above are but a few of the many examples of the harsh

and ongoing persecution of underground Roman Catholic clergy

and laypersons in China. The Cardinal Kung

Foundation has documented many other instances and reported

them in its press releases.

Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to Mother Teresa of Calcutta, whose birthday was August 27. Pope John Paul II will be beatifying her on October 19 in Rome.

As I reflect on her life of love and sacrifice, I am struck by the number of people's lives she was able to touch. Her work in Calcutta's slums illustrated her commitment to pulling people out of poverty by empowering them with self esteem and the hope that change is always possible.

For 50 years, Mother Teresa brought dignity to the poor and unwanted. After finding a woman dying in front of a Calcutta hospital, she sat with the woman until she died. Soon after, she began a campaign for a shelter for people to die with dignity. Her life's mission was caring for the human castoffs the world wanted to forget.

Her love brought hope to countless who were struggling on the brink of existence. In 1982, at the height of the siege in Beirut, she rescued 37 children trapped in a front line hospital by brokering a temporary cease-fire between the Israeli army and Palestinian guerillas.

She recognized that, despite economic development efforts, there were people out there whose lives remained mired in the sorry circumstances of their birth. She opened schools, orphanages and homes for the needy, and turned her attention to the victims of AIDS as that disease increased in prevalence.

Her notoriety speaks to the impact of her love and service. Her integrity and humility drew large crowds and invited great affection.

As we remember the incredible work of an extraordinary woman, I hope that we are all challenged to live out the prayer that is inscribed on the wall of her Children's Home in Calcutta:

Mother Teresa's Prayer

People are often unreasonable, illogical, and self-centered;

. . . Forgive them anyway.

If you are kind, people may accuse you of selfish, ulterior

motives;

. . . Be kind anyway.

If you are successful, you will win some false friends and

some true enemies;

. . . Succeed anyway.

If you are honest and frank, people may cheat you;

. . . Be honest and frank anyway.

What you spend years building, someone could destroy

overnight;

. . . Build anyway.

If you find serenity and happiness, they may be jealous;

. . . Be happy anyway.

The good you do today, people will often forget tomorrow;

. . . Do good anyway.

Give the world the best you have, and it may never be enough;

. . . Give the world the best you've got anyway.

You see, in the final analysis, it is between you and God;

It was never between you and them anyway.

Mr. Speaker, what is America if not a Nation that stands up for basic decency and human rights? What is America if it is not a people that speaks out for those who cannot speak out for themselves? And what will America become if we fail to speak out against dictators and despots who oppress and brutalize their own people?

China has for too long been at liberty to detain and torture and intimidate and oppress good men and women for their religious beliefs. As the world's greatest democracy and the symbol of hope for millions, America has a duty and an obligation to speak out for the oppressed people of the world. We fail in our duty if we do nothing.

It was the British philosopher and statesman Edmund Burke who said that Representatives owe you not just their industry but also their judgment. As Representatives and beholders of American ideals, we should speak out on the issue of the persecution of those of faith in China.

The litany of abuses committed by the Government of China toward its own people is long and senseless. I recently held a meeting with a number of groups who have spent years in documenting the numerous abuses committed by the Chinese Government upon the Chinese people. In the coming days, I will be highlighting the plight of different groups of long-suffering Chinese people so that colleagues can better understand the depth of this problem in China. The material I will be submitting today was prepared by the International Religious Freedom Commission, and I hope Members will read it.

As I close, 10 Catholic bishops are in China today under house arrest, and this government, our government, our Congress and the administration, does not act. The Protestant Church is being abused and beaten in China and we have refused to speak out. The Chinese have plundered Tibet, and yet the West is quiet. Muslims are being persecuted in the northwest portion of China, and yet the West speaks out not at all. The Falun Gong are being persecuted almost on a daily basis.

I think this is an opportunity to hear, in their own words, what all of these groups have to tell us in the Congress and us in the United States and us in the West about what is taking place, so that we know we should speak out on their behalf, particularly next year when the Geneva resolution with regard to condemning China on human rights comes up.

Depending on the religious organization in question, the Chinese government provided various justifications to defend its policy of repression. Its action to restrict religious belief and practice, however, go far beyond what is necessary to protect legitimate state interests.

Since 2001, the Communist government has engaged in a persistent campaign of banning some religious groups while insisting on registration for others. Many groups, particularly Christian house churches, have refused, understandably fearful that providing membership rosters would lead to regular surveillance by party and government agencies.

The government's policy of designating religious or spiritual organizations as ``cults'' has led to tragic outcomes for millions of religious believers. All too often victims are sentenced to ``re- education through labor camps,'' administered by the notorious Ministry of Public Security, which appears to perpetrate human rights abuses with absolute impunity. Persons adhering to ``unacceptable'' faiths have been given prison sentences of up to three years without a right to a hearing, without counsel and without judicial determination of their cases.

There are at least 30 million Protestant Christians in China. Mostly, believers belong to independent house churches. Purely on account of their faith, properties belonging to or used by such groups have been confiscated, closed, or destroyed and members have been detained, tortured, and subjected to other forms of government harassment.

In June 2003, 12 members of a house church in Guna Village in Yunnan province were arrested after they sought registration with the local government. On June 6, in response to the government's ``invitation'' to complete the registration process, the 12 church leaders were arrested for engaging in ``feudalistic superstition.'' Eight of the 12 were immediately sentenced to three years in ``re-education through labor'' camps, while the other four were indicted and are being held for trial.

In late August 2003, local officials arrested 170 house church Christians in Nanyang county, Henan province after local police reportedly raided the meeting place where the worship service was being conducted. The report indicates that the 14 leaders of the group are currently being held in detention, possibly facing serious charges, while the other members were released after having been fined, fingerprinted, and warned against continuing their activities.

The Chinese Communist state has, since the 1950s, banned the Roman Catholic Church, replacing it with the state-approved Catholic Patriotic Association. Through this state organization, the Communist government has claimed the exclusive right to appoint Chinese bishops. Most Chinese clerics, however, have refused to accept the legitimacy of government appointees. As a result, many Roman Catholic bishops and priests have been harassed, detained, or imprisoned.

According to the Cardinal Kung Foundation, a number of Catholic bishops and priests who refuse to submit to government tutelage remain in prison or in detention and the status of other priests and lay persons remains unknown. As of August 2003, at least 10 Catholic bishops, including Bishop Su Zhimin, whose whereabouts are unknown, are imprisoned, in detention, under house arrests, or under surveillance.

In Tibet, Buddhist monks and nuns serve lengthy sentences for voicing their allegiance to the Dalai Lama. In point of fact, the great majority of Tibetan political prisoners are monks and nuns.

The longest-serving Tibetan political prisoner, Tagna Jigme Zangpo, was granted a medical parole to come to the United States in summer 2002 when he was in the middle of

a 28-year sentence before his ``early'' release. Ngawang Sandrol, a member of the famous Tibetan ``Singing Nuns'' who was released last year, had served over 10 years in the infamous Drapchi Prison before her release. According to the Tibet Information Network, the State Department, and the testimony of former Tibetan nuns like Ngawang Sandrol, many of these prisoners have been severely beaten and subjected to other extreme forms of punishment. Some have died in prison.

The Chinese government has denied repeated requests, including from the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights, for access to the 12-year- old boy whom the Dalai Lama recognizes as the 11th Panchen Lama. Government officials have stated that he is being ``held for his own safety,'' while at the same time insisting that another boy is the true Panchen Lama.

The Chinese government's official ban on the Falun Gong movement, in 1999, has meant heightened government repression for all religious organizations designated by the government as ``cults.'' According to Falun Gong practitioners, as many as 100,000 of their members have been sent to labor camps without trial. They claim that as many as 700 may have died as a result of police brutality either while in prison or after their release.

In largely Muslim Xinjiang, religious freedom is severely curtailed by the government, which indiscriminately links Muslim religious expression with ``separatist'' or ``terrorist'' acts. The indiscriminate repression of the Uighur people is best exemplified by the arrest and imprisonment of Rebiya Kadeer, a prominent Uighur businesswoman and activist, who was arrested in 1999 after she met with a visiting U.S. congressional delegation. Close supervision of all mosques in the region by local Communist Party officials is now commonplace.

China repeatedly engages in severe--systematic, egregious--violations of religious freedom. If our ideals and what America stands for--both at home and abroad--are to mean anything, then we must not shrink from this issue. We must not allow human considerations to come secondary to the pursuit of trade.

We must dare to speak out for those who have no voice.