Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my friend, Mr. Evans, for yielding, and thank you to the chairman of the CBC, Cedric Richmond. Mr. Speaker, it is true that I grew up in rural Alabama, 50 miles from Montgomery, outside of a little place called…
Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my friend, Mr. Evans, for yielding, and thank you to the chairman of the CBC, Cedric Richmond.
Mr. Speaker, it is true that I grew up in rural Alabama, 50 miles from Montgomery, outside of a little place called Troy. It is true that my father was a sharecropper, a tenant farmer.
But in 1944, when I was 4 years old--and I do remember when I was 4-- my father had saved $300, and a man sold him 110 acres of land. We picked cotton. We gathered peanuts. We pulled corn.
Sometimes I would be out there working in the field and I would fall behind, and my mother would say: ``Boy, you need to catch up.''
I would say: ``This is hard work.''
And she would say: ``Hard work never killed anybody.''
I said: ``Well, it's about to kill me.''
But one day, 15 years old, in the 10th grade, I heard of Martin Luther King, Jr. I heard of Rosa Parks in 1955. The action of Rosa Parks, the words and leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., inspired me to find a way to get in the way. So 2 years later, I wrote a letter to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1957, and I told him, in this little letter, that I wanted to attend a State-supported college called Troy State, now known as Troy University. It didn't admit Black students.
Dr. King wrote me back and sent me a round-trip Greyhound bus ticket and
invited me to come to Montgomery to meet with him. In the meantime, I had been accepted at a little college in Nashville, Tennessee, American Baptist College.
Dr. King got back in touch with me and said: ``When you are home for spring break, come and see me.''
So, in 1958, I boarded a Greyhound bus and traveled from Troy to Montgomery, and a young lawyer by the name of Fred Gray, who had been a lawyer for Rosa Parks and for Dr. King, met me at the First Baptist Church, pastored by the Reverend Ralph Abernathy, and took me in to see Dr. King and Reverend Ralph Abernathy.
Martin Luther King, Jr., said: ``Are you the boy from Troy? Are you John Lewis?''
I said: ``Dr. King, I am John Robert Lewis,'' but he still called me ``the boy from Troy.''
This man inspired me to stand up, to find a way to get in the way or find a way to get in trouble, in good trouble, necessary trouble.
He said: ``If you want to go to Troy State, we will help you, but we may need to file a suit against the State of Alabama, against Troy State. Go back and have a discussion with your mother and your father. Tell them their home may be bombed or burned. They can lose their land.''
I went back. My mother was so afraid and my father was afraid, so I continued to study in Nashville. From time to time, Dr. King would come and visit Nashville and speak at mass meetings and rallies. But he inspired me, along with Rosa Parks and others, to get involved.
He led the Montgomery bus boycott. For more than 381 days, people walked the streets; they shared cars and rides; they stood in unmovable lines; but they never gave up.
Dr. King inspired us to stand up. He inspired us to believe in the philosophy and the discipline of nonviolence. We would be sitting at a lunch counter waiting to be served, and someone would come up and spit on us or put a lighted cigarette down our backs or in our hair, pour hot water or hot coffee on us, but we obeyed his instructions.
So I got arrested a few times during the sixties, 45 times, but I never gave up.
Just think, in 1961, the same year that President Barack Obama was born, Black people and White people couldn't leave the city sitting together to travel on a Greyhound bus or a Trailways bus through the South.
People were arrested, jailed, beaten, but Dr. King met us in Montgomery, sheltered us in a church. One night, while we were there in that church, when people were threatening to bomb the church or burn it down, he made a call to Robert Kennedy and told him about what was happening. Robert Kennedy communicated to his brother, President Kennedy, and the President put the city of Montgomery under martial law.
If it hadn't been for Martin Luther King, Jr., Robert Kennedy, and President Kennedy, some of us would have died in that church. But it led to the desegregation of public transportation all across the American South.
More than 400 people--400 of us--arrested in Jackson, Mississippi. We filled the city jail, the county jail, and, later, the penitentiary at Parchman. But Martin Luther King, Jr., changed America forever. He taught us how to live and he taught us how to die. He taught us to be brave, to be courageous, to be bold.
If it hadn't been for Martin Luther King, Jr., I don't know what would have happened to many of us, happened to America. Many of us of color, whether we are Black, Latino, Asian American, or Native American, wouldn't be in this body. He opened up the political process.
He was a man who believed in the way of peace, the way of love, believed in the philosophy and the discipline of nonviolence.
In a few days, a few weeks, we will commemorate his passing. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968. I was in Indianapolis, Indiana, with Robert Kennedy when we heard that Dr. King had been assassinated. We heard that he had been shot. Robert Kennedy announced that he had died. And I think, when Dr. King died, something died in all of us; something died in America.
He left us the way of peace, the way of love, the way of hope, and I hope that all young people and people not so young will commemorate and learn something about the teachings of Dr. King.
I want to thank the chair of our caucus, Congressman Richmond, and Mr. Evans, my friend and brother, for having the vision to hold this teach-in tonight; and I hope we will do more to explain to the American people and people around the world what Dr. King meant not just to Americans, but to the world community.