Floor Statements

Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate the fifty-one individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on July 4, 2019. In true patriotic fashion, on the day of our great Nation's celebration of independence, a naturalization ceremony will take place, welcoming new citizens of the United States of America. This memorable occasion, coordinated by the League of Women Voters of the Calumet Area and presided over by Magistrate Judge Andrew Rodovich, will be held at The Pavilion at Wolf Lake in Hammond, Indiana.

America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. The oath ceremony is a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America.

On July 4, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Mounir Oumansour, Taimoor Syed, Johnson Y. Gah, Joseph Han, Alex Nguyen, Mubarak Bakhit Haroun, Naga Sudhakar Chodavarapu, Daniel Jaewon Kim, Elena Ugwoke, Brendan Chidobe Ugwoke, Rani Saxena, Sumesh Saxena, Zaira Nashley Velazquez, Giuseppe Mazzone, Nargis Natasha Yasir, Erika Anabel Saldivar, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Maya Hamwi, Ibrahim Miss Lissane, Farouk Al Kurdi, Amparo Isabel Alban Montalvo, Ma Teresa Leon, Sikholisile Nyoni, Isabella Njeri Muturi, Lal Lian Mawi, Belinda Radiceska, Ljupco Radiceski, Milka Cocovska, Ananivi Apamba Komla, Blanca Estela Monsivais, Gianella Feoli Soto, Mauricio Leal, Mphasa Maria Mwanza, Sreelatha Chodavarapu, Rajko Vukobrat, Denise Alejandra Godinez, Antonio Manzo Gonzalez, Sirak Kifle Negash, Ahmed E. Khalil, Vidal Torres Alvarado, Eder Jahir Nunez Benitez, David Guillermo Barba, Ai Ong, Jagoda Petroska, Maria Julia Garcilazo, Gustavo Adolfo Osorio, Sergey Borisovich Leonov, Gisela Johanna Kreczmer, Marc Tuyizere, Muhammad Yasir Hanif Khan, and Francisco Javier Contreras Torres.

Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so.

Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in congratulating these fifty-one individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on July 4, 2019, the anniversary of our Nation's independence. They, too, will be American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Madam Chair, pursuant to section 3 of House Resolution 436, as the designee of the gentlewoman from New York (Mrs. Lowey), I offer amendments en bloc, which are at the desk.

Madam Chair, I yield myself such time as I may consume.

Madam Chair, the amendments included in the en bloc were made in order by the rule, and they have been agreed to by both sides. They improve the bill. I support the amendment and urge its adoption.

Madam Chair, I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I yield 2 minutes to the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. Jackson Lee).

Madam Chair, I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I rise in opposition, although I am not opposed to the amendment.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentleman's persistence to provide robust funding for the Navy's electromagnetic railgun and recognize that he has offered a similar amendment on the fiscal year 2019 appropriations bill.

I would point out to my colleagues that the bill currently fully funds the budget request of the administration at $15 million for the railgun program.

While I do not think the additional $10 million investment will accelerate the development of a demonstrator mount and continued testing, I have no objection to the gentleman's amendment.

I yield to the gentleman from California.

Madam Chair, I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I rise in opposition, although I am not opposed to the amendment.

Madam Chair, I simply want to take the time to thank my colleague for the work he is doing to advocate and advance knowledge of our Nation's youth on the rights and duties of citizenship. Again, I thank him for his work.

Madam Chair, I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentleman yielding, and I certainly do support his amendment.

The amendment expands the Hacking for Defense program, designed to provide students the opportunity to learn how to work with the Department and intelligence community to better address the Nation's emerging threats. It is an important activity, and he is absolutely correct.

Madam Chair, I would point out for my colleagues that, in the current fiscal year, this program was funded at $15 million. In the current budget--and I appreciate his advocacy on behalf of this program--that has now been increased to $40 million. Money is not everything, but it is important to this program to make sure it is adequately funded.

I, again, thank the gentleman very much for his work.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentleman yielding.

I would point out that the chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force and the Commandant of the Marine Corps testified that the inclusive policy adopted under the Obama administration has caused no readiness issues. A panel of retired military Surgeons General released a report finding the ban's rationale for inclusion is contradicted by ample evidence and that the ban ``harms readiness through forced dishonesty, wasted talent, double standards, and barriers to adequate care.''

Madam Chair, this is the right thing to do, and I would simply close by saying, with so much anger and so much hate in this world today, it is time to be kind to people.

Madam Chair, I thank the gentleman from Maryland for yielding.

Madam Chair, I rise in strong opposition to the gentleman's amendment.

Madam Chair, the proposed change inserts a new test for the certification of acquisition and is likely meant to make it more difficult for the NSA to target foreign nationals if the intended target is in communication with someone in the United States.

I would point out, however, to the gentleman that this is an appropriations bill. This is not an authorization bill. The amendment is a serious change in policy and deserves more than 10 minutes of debate in this Chamber on our bill.

The issue belongs in the authorizing committees. I do not believe that this amendment has benefited from the work of the authorization process, and I do believe it would potentially put American lives at greater risk.

I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chairwoman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Conaway).

Madam Chairwoman, I understand I have the right to close, and I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I yield the remainder of my time to the gentleman from California (Mr. Calvert), the ranking member of the committee.

Madam Chair, I am opposed to the amendment, and yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I demand a recorded vote.

Will the gentlewoman yield?

Madam Chair, just to address the issue for a moment, I really appreciate the gentlewoman for bringing this to all Members' attention. She is absolutely correct that this is a very important program.

I will point out that I think the most important point she made is that the Navy and the government have to be very efficient in the expenditure of these funds. It is an important program, but I would point out that the Navy has awarded contracts late for the last few years, causing the program to remain perpetually behind.

Again, though, I understand that what the gentlewoman and the committee want is to let us get this back on track and make sure it is properly funded. I absolutely would be happy to work with the gentlewoman on this.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentlewoman yielding me time and simply would suggest that the committee has no opposition to the amendment.

I would point out that, again, she struck a chord with me when she talked about the supply chain problems we have in the United States of America across the industrial sector.

Again, I appreciate her raising this and offering the amendment.

Madam Chair, as the designee of the gentleman from Texas, I have an amendment at the desk.

Madam Chair, this amendment provides an additional $9 million to address one of the Army's top unfunded priorities, future vertical lift.

The funding would allow the Army to speed up the acquisition timeline for the replacement of the Black Hawk helicopter, which first entered service in 1979. The additional range and payload that will be available via the Black Hawk replacement will ensure that our troops are provided with the most technologically advanced equipment.

The Army currently enjoys a competitive advantage over our adversaries, and investment into future vertical lift will ensure that we continue to have that advantage.

Madam Chair, I ask for support of this amendment, and I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I rise as the designee of the gentleman from New York (Mr. Jeffries) and have an amendment at the desk.

Madam Chairman, this amendment deals with additional funds for reporting on climate change impacts on our national security.

I would point out that, in 2014, the Department of Defense issued a climate change adaptation roadmap that

described the very serious and significant ways that climate change threatens the national security of the United States of America.

It found that rising global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, climbing sea levels, and more extreme weather events will intensify the challenges of global instability, hunger, poverty, and conflict.

It will likely lead to food and water shortages, pandemic disease, disputes over refugees and resources, and destruction by natural disasters in regions across the globe.

Earlier this year, the department released another report that found that more than two-thirds of the military's operationally critical installations are threatened by climate change.

It noted that the effects of a changing climate are a national security issue, with potential impacts to the Department of Defense's missions, operational plans, and installations.

As an example, the Air Force currently oversees 15 radar sites in Alaska. Since the Cold War, they have monitored the airspace above much of the Bering Sea and the Arctic. When the radar sites were selected in the 1950s, along Alaska's coastlines and deep in its interior, melting permafrost and coastal erosion were not yet long-term strategic concerns for the department.

However, the melting of permafrost is happening more rapidly than Pentagon officials predicted, and it is causing the ground beneath the sites to crumble. Three radar sites in Alaska were forced to close in 2007 due in part to soil erosion.

A 2014 Government Accountability Office report found that the installations are seeing erosion that the Pentagon did not expect to occur until 2040.

This amendment ensures that the Department of Defense continues to provide scientifically based information about the effects of climate change on national security.

Madam Chair, I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I would simply state that the department must be transparent in reporting the strategic, operational, and financial costs of climate change.

I would ask support for the amendment, and I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentleman for yielding, and I appreciate the gentleman for offering the amendment.

The operative word here is ``bypass.'' The administration has used an obscure, rarely used provision to skirt congressional review of arms sales with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

The administration's lack of justification for using this emergency authority with respect to these sales is troubling, especially when you consider much of the equipment contained in these cases would not be delivered for months, as the gentleman from California rightfully pointed out.

Congress is a coequal branch of government and has oversight responsibilities to review such cases before we sell major weapons systems to other countries. These review requirements are on the books for a reason, and this amendment helps to ensure that the law is adhered to and that Congress is respected and can meet its constitutional requirement.

Madam Chair, I rise in opposition to the gentleman's amendment.

Madam Chair, the Russians are cheating on the INF Treaty. That does not mean we should compound the first problem by creating a second problem. Don't make a bad situation worse.

Our energy and focus should remain on diplomacy and multilateral efforts to bring Russia back into compliance with the INF Treaty.

The INF Treaty, which was signed by President Reagan in 1987, established an agreement between the United States, Russia, and a number of other countries to not field ground-launched cruise and ballistic missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. This treaty was instrumental in arresting the arms race, defusing tensions, and ultimately, bringing an end to the Cold War.

I find it very concerning that, due to the President's suspension of compliance in February, the INF Treaty will be officially null and void on August 2. This was all done without exhausting all diplomatic efforts and with limited congressional input.

The conditions established in the treaty are crucial to European security.

I find it disingenuous that the statement of administration policy on this bill implies NATO endorses the U.S. developing an intermediate- range cruise missile capability. The Brussels summit declaration by NATO heads of state and government in July 2018 stated that the INF Treaty has been crucial to Euro-Atlantic security and that we remain fully committed to the preservation of this landmark arms control treaty.

The December 2018 statement by the NATO Foreign Ministers reinforced this by stating that the treaty had been crucial in upholding NATO's security for over 30 years.

The February 2019 statement by the North Atlantic Council continued to call on Russia to return to compliance with the treaty. It did not endorse the development of INF-violating weapons by the U.S. or any other member of the alliance.

NATO's official position on the treaty remains that NATO's focus is to preserve the INF treaty.

There is no question Russia has not upheld its promises as a signatory to the treaty. However, I believe the irresponsible actions of the Russian Government do not require the U.S. to jump headlong into a costly and unnecessary arms race that will promote greater instability, which hearkens back to the policies and actions that defined the most perilous phases of the Cold War.

This amendment would negate previous U.S. nonproliferation and arms control efforts. It is neither prudent nor wise.

Madam Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I yield myself such time as I may consume.

Madam Chair, I believe that it is necessary to maintain a credible and effective nuclear deterrence.

I also strongly believe that multilateral diplomatic efforts, including the INF Treaty and other international agreements, that encourage all countries to restrain potentially bad behavior are key elements of U.S. national security.

Beyond this particular amendment, it is my hope that the administration will reconsider its efforts to unilaterally abrogate from our national responsibility to uphold the INF Treaty, and instead, to work with Congress and our allies abroad to address and rectify long-standing arms control concerns with Russia and other global actors.

I will continue to be a strong advocate for diplomacy and remain a willing and available partner to the administration and our colleagues in regard to this treaty and other important issues.

Madam Chair, I do oppose the gentleman's amendment, and I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, I rise in opposition to the amendment.

Madam Chair, I, again, strongly oppose the gentleman's amendment. This amendment would provide funding for the deployment of the ill-conceived low-yield nuclear warhead on Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines.

I believe that deploying this warhead would amplify the risk of a devastating nuclear conflict with Russia by reducing the threshold of nuclear use and increasing the risk of miscalculation.

Deploying the W76-2 warhead on ballistic missile submarines carries especially great risk.

I would ask the Members of this body to consider, if we deploy a low- yield warhead aboard our nuclear submarines, would Russia regard such weapons as less of a threat than our existing submarine-launched nuclear missiles?

If we were to use such a weapon, even in response to a Russian first use of low-yield weapons, would Russia be likely to act with restraint, or would Russian leaders instead assume that we have initiated a strategic nuclear attack, and respond in kind?

Do we really believe that any nuclear exchange can avoid escalation by using low-yield weapons?

The significant danger of miscalculation is greater than any marginal benefit we might gain from having another low-yield capability in our nuclear arsenal.

I would point out that suggesting that barring the deployment of this is akin to unilateral disarmament is simply not true.

This bill includes robust funding for maintaining and modernizing our nuclear arsenal. The bill includes more than $712 million for the development of the Long-Range Standoff Weapon. It provides $1.6 billion for the Columbia-class Submarine and over $3 billion for the continued development of the B-21 bomber.

This bill does cut excessive, unproven nuclear programs that generate significant risks without appreciably enhancing our security or that of our allies, but those looking for unilateral disarmament in this bill will not find it.

Madam Chair, I reserve the balance of my time.

Madam Chair, in closing, I wish to emphasize that we should not use the most survivable leg of our triad as a tactical warfighting platform.

It is imperative for the House to reaffirm Ronald Reagan's clear-eyed admonition that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought.

Madam Chair, I urge my colleagues to reject this amendment, and I yield back the balance of my time.

Will the gentlewoman yield?

Madam Chair, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding.

I commend the gentlewoman for her work with the committee to make all of us aware of the lack of support that our veterans are facing on the space-available flights. I am happy to report that, because of congressional actions such as hers and her adamant action on this behalf, the Department is updating their air transportation eligibility requirements to expand space-available privileges in no little reason because of the gentlewoman's actions, and I do support her amendment.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentleman yielding.

I appreciate the perspective of the gentlewoman as well, and I would point out that, during the day today, I have risen in opposition to two different nuclear policy issues that would increase spending in our bill. I would like to point out I am opposed, however, to the gentlewoman's amendment, and her bill does take several actions related to the oversight of the administration's multiple, ongoing nuclear weapon efforts.

First, in the bill, we do reduce the Ground Based Strategic Deterrent program by $108.7 million.

Second, the bill denies $19.6 million requested by the administration to deploy a low-yield nuclear warhead on submarine-launched ballistic missiles.

Third, it denies nearly $100 million requested by the administration to develop two new missile systems that would not be compliant with the INF Treaty.

Fourth, it requires the Navy to submit a report on the cost, requirements, and other matters related to a nuclear submarine-launched cruise missile, which is still in the planning stage.

I would emphasize to all of my colleagues on both sides of the aisle, this bill does not take a reflexive or ideological position. This bill is the result of thorough oversight, and the committee has striven for a balanced policy. I simply believe this amendment goes too far, and I am opposed to it.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentleman yielding again. I think the gentleman is doing good work here. The gentleman is correct that there was an increase of $2 million from $85 million from last year's fiscal year in our bill; however, it was a $12 million increase from the administration's request, so I do applaud him for his work.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentleman in this regard, and I share his concerns.

I would simply point out for the Record that, in the committee's markup, we have increased funding for this, before the gentleman's amendment, by 24 percent over last year's level.

Madam Chair, I appreciate the gentleman yielding.

Madam Chair, I move to strike the last word.

Madam Chair, I yield to the gentleman from Florida.

Madam Chair, I thank the gentleman from Florida for raising this important issue.

The committee recognizes the urgent need to invest in trusted foundries, advanced microelectronics cybersecurity, and manufacturing capabilities that will translate our domestic research into fielded capabilities for the warfighter.

I look forward to working with the gentleman as we move forward on this bill.

I yield to the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. Cunningham).

Mr. Chair, I appreciate the gentleman's concern. The committee has been following the implication of the Department's medical reform efforts closely and certainly

shares many of the gentleman's concerns.

The committee has requested the Department provide details of the analysis used to determine changes to medical services at the medical treatment facilities. This analysis would include details on the capacity of the local community, cost impacts on providers, and the risk to the served populations.

I assure the gentleman from South Carolina that the committee will continue to monitor these issues closely.

Mr. Chair, I yield to the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. Cunningham).

Mr. Chair, I move to strike the last word.

We are moving very close to the conclusion of debate on this portion of H.R. 2740, and my good friend ranking member Mr. Calvert and I would not be here without our staff.

They have been exceptional, and I do want to thank them: Ariana Sarar, Jackie Ripke, Jennifer Chartrand, Johnnie Kaberle, Kiya Batmanglidj, Walter Hearne, Brooke Boyer, David Bortnick, Matt Bower, Bill Adkins, Hayden Milberg, Paul Kilbride, Shannon Richter, Sherry Young, Kyle McFarland, and Jamie McCormick.

I also thank Joe DeVooght, Preston Rackauskas, Rebecca Keightley, and Christopher Romero, and finally, our two clerks, Becky Leggieri and Leslie Albright.

Again, sincerely, I thank Mr. Calvert, just a tremendous partner, and all the members of our committee, as well as all the associate staff.

Mr. Chair, I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. Chair, I move that the Committee do now rise.

Madam Speaker, it is with great respect that I take this time to congratulate South Shore Clean Cities, Incorporated, as the organization celebrates its 20th anniversary. Through sustainable transportation and energy efforts, South Shore Clean Cities has enhanced the quality of life for residents and visitors of Northwest Indiana and beyond for the past twenty years. In recognition of this momentous milestone, the organization will host a celebratory banquet on June 18, 2019, at the Avalon Manor in Merrillville, Indiana.

South Shore Clean Cities is a member-based, nonprofit coalition that promotes sustainable transportation and energy programs in Northern Indiana. The organization supports initiatives that work to encourage domestic fuels, improve air quality, strengthen the nation's energy security, reduce dependence on imported oil, and build the local economy. Due to the dedication and hard work of the coalition's members and leaders, South Shore Clean Cities has won numerous awards and received countless accolades for its contributions, and it is certainly worthy of each and every honor.

On June 15, 1999, South Shore Clean Cities was founded as the 71st Clean Cities coalition under the United States Department of Energy. In the early years, Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO) provided support for the organization to achieve nonprofit status and to be recognized by the United States Department of Energy. Under the initial leadership of Liz Williams and Deb McClelland-Parker, the coalition continued to grow, serving Lake, Porter, and LaPorte Counties in Northwest Indiana. In 2005, Carl and Lorrie Lisek became co- coordinators of South Shore Clean Cities. Then, in 2011, Lorrie became the Executive Director of Wisconsin Clean Cities and Carl become the Executive Director of South Shore Clean Cities, Incorporated.

Throughout the years, South Shore Clean Cities has surpassed its goals, exceeded its expectations, and continues to progress. Today, the coalition covers eighteen counties and its membership has grown exponentially. Projects spearheaded by the organization include NIPSCO's IN-Charge Project, the BP Cleaner Air through Diesel Emissions Reductions Grant Program, and the Green Fleet Program. Over the past decade, South Shore Clean Cities has helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 607,000 tons and has reduced the number of gasoline gallon equivalents by 93 million gallons. For their truly innovative and successful energy and transportation initiatives, the organization's members and leaders are worthy of the highest praise.

Madam Speaker, I ask that you join me in congratulating South Shore Clean Cities, Incorporated, on its 20th anniversary. For the past twenty years, the leadership and members of the coalition have enhanced the lives of countless individuals through their unwavering commitment to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, and they serve as an inspiration to us all.

Mr. Chair, I would like to begin by expressing my appreciation, as I discuss the defense portion of this bill, to my ranking member, Mr. Calvert. He has made it easy to continue the collegiality, transparency, and bipartisanship that is a hallmark of the Defense Subcommittee. He is a wonderful partner.

I also do want to express my gratitude to Chairwoman Lowey, Ranking Member Granger, and the other members of the subcommittee and full committee for their efforts. I want to also thank the staff. This legislation would not be possible without their outstanding effort.

At this time, I would like to highlight some of the elements of this legislation that deal with the well-being and morale of those in uniform.

The bill provides a 3.1 percent pay raise for our women and men in uniform. This is the largest increase in basic pay since 2010. The report expresses, however, support for a 3.1 percent pay increase for DOD civilian employees as well.

We rely on DOD civilians to work side by side with military personnel. The administration's refusal to request an increase in pay for Federal employees devalues the important work done by these public servants. Congress must rectify this failure.

I believe that access to affordable and quality childcare is vital to retention for All-Volunteer Forces, particularly for mid-career personnel. Thousands of military children are waitlisted for childcare development centers, and I am disappointed that the services have failed to meaningfully address this serious problem. To get at the backlog, the bill provides an additional $70.7 million for upgrades to military childcare facilities.

The pervasiveness of sexual assault amongst servicemembers is deeply abhorrent. It is disheartening that the most recent report on this subject shows that sexual assaults across the U.S. military increased by a rate of 38 percent last year, with over two-thirds of assaults going unreported.

The bill provides $297.2 million for Sexual Assault Prevention and Response programs at the service level, $13.5 million above the fiscal year 2019-enacted level. It also provides an additional $35 million for the Special Victims Counsel and $3 million for the Sexual Trauma Response and Treatment pilot program.

The bill provides $1.26 billion for environmental restoration activities, which is $188 million above the current request.

There are also several actions taken in the bill that I believe are important to highlight as an appropriator and as a member of the legislative branch.

In recent years, the Department has viewed report language as suggestive and, on several occasions, has taken action in contravention of it or simply ignored congressional direction in the report. It is unacceptable, and it must stop. Report language is directive; it is not permissive.

I would also point out that the budget justifications should be complete in detail. In many instances, they continue to be lacking.

For example, there was a $72 million request to establish a Space Force, but the Department was unable to answer basic questions about the structure of the force, nor could they provide detailed long-term costs.

Another example would be the proposed reorganization of the Military Health System. In its 2020 request, the Department requested a significant amount of money for the reorganization and proposed major reductions in healthcare billets. Yet, it could not answer basic questions about how the reorganization would affect servicemembers and beneficiaries.

This legislation also takes steps to return to balance the relationship between the executive and legislative branches in response to the administration's unconstitutional use of dollars appropriated for the military to fund the construction of a wall on our southern border. If Congress appropriates funds for a designated and authorized purpose, it is not lawful for those funds to be used in contravention of the law.

In closing, I reiterate my thanks to Mr. Calvert and the members of our subcommittee, as well as our wonderful staff for their exceptional work, dedication, and long hours.

I look forward to the debate on our amendments.

Mr. Chair, I would like to begin by expressing appreciation to Ranking Member Calvert. He has made it easy to continue the collegiality, transparency, and bipartisanship that is the hallmark of the Defense Subcommittee.

I also would like to express my gratitude to Chairwoman Lowey, Ranking Member Granger, and the other Members of the Subcommittee for their efforts. And thank you to the Subcommittee staff, particularly the clerks, Becky Leggieri and Leslie Albright, as well as Walter Hearne, Brooke Boyer, Ariana Sarar, Jackie Ripke, David Bortnick, Matt Bower, Bill Adkins, Jennifer Chartrand, Hayden Milberg, Paul Kilbride, Shannon Richter, Sherry Young, Kyle McFarland, Johnnie Kaberle, Kiya Batmanglidj, and Jamie McCormick. I would also like to acknowledge the personal office staff, Joe DeVooght, Preston Rackauskas, Rebecca Keightley, and Christopher Romero. This legislation would not be possible without their outstanding effort.

The bill would provide $690.2 billion for the Department of Defense, which is $15.8 billion above the fiscal year 2019 enacted level and $8 billion below the request. The base funding recommendation is $622.1 billion, which is $15.6 billion above the fiscal year 2019 enacted level and $88.2 billion above the request. The overseas contingency operations recommendation is $68.1 billion, which is $165 million above the fiscal year 2019 enacted level and $96.2 billion below the request.

This bill supports the Department of Defense's effort to align its resources with the National Defense Strategy. This strategy redirects the Department's primary focus toward the challenges posed by great powers such as

China and Russia, and their efforts to counter and challenge the technological and operational superiority long enjoyed by the United States military. This technological overmatch can no longer be assumed, and this bill provides funding to develop and field new weapon systems and capabilities to address these new challenges. To support this forward-looking posture, the bill makes major investments in procurement and research and development.

Rather than focus my remarks on those investments, which have been detailed in several documents released by the Committee to the public, I am instead going to run through some of the efforts in this legislation that deal with the well-being and morale of those in uniform, their families, DoD civilians, and defense communities.

The bill provides a 3.1 percent pay raise for our women and men in uniform. This is the largest increase in basic pay since 2010 and maintains the Committee's commitment to ensuring our all-volunteer force is compensated for their sacrifices.

The report expresses support for a 3.1 percent pay increase for DoD civilian employees. We rely on DoD civilians to work side-by-side with military personnel to provide medical care for our troops, to perform vital logistics, maintenance, acquisition, and other essential services. The Administration's refusal to request an increase in pay for federal employees devalues the important work done by these public servants and I hope this Congress will ultimately rectify that in this year's appropriations measures.

I believe that access to affordable and quality childcare is vital to retention in the all-volunteer force, particularly for mid-career enlisted and officers. Thousands of military children, including over 9,000 whose parents serve in the Navy, are waitlisted for Childcare Development Centers. I am disappointed that with such demonstrated need the military services' requests for childcare facilities were relatively unchanged from prior years. To get at this backlog, the bill provides an additional $70. 7 million for upgrades to military childcare facilities, which is complementary to an effort included in the FY20 Military Construction Appropriation measure to accelerate the construction of new Childcare Development Centers.

The pervasiveness of sexual assault amongst service members is deeply abhorrent and it is disheartening that the most recent report on the subject shows that sexual assaults across the U.S. military increased by a rate of nearly 38 percent in 2018, with over two-thirds of assaults going unreported, The bill provides $297.2 million for Sexual Assault Prevention and Response programs at the Service level, $13.5 million above the FY19 enacted level and equal to the request. It also provides an additional $35 million for Special Victims Counsel for victims of sexual assault and $3 million for a Sexual Trauma Treatment Pilot Program for treatment of members of the Armed Forces for PTSD Related to Military Sexual Trauma.

The bill provides $1.26 billion for environmental restoration activities, which is $188 million above the request. This includes $13 million for a nationwide health study on the implications of PFOS/PFOA at former and current domestic military installations. Further, the report directs the Department to achieve a drinking water cleanup standard equal to or better than the EPA health advisory level for federally controlled sites and surrounding communities whose water sources were contaminated because of Department activities.

I believe these efforts and several others within the bill will have an immediate positive impact on people's quality of life.

There are also several actions taken in the bill that I believe are important to highlight as an Appropriator and a Member of the Legislative Branch.

In recent years, the Department has viewed report language as suggestive, and on several occasions has taken actions in direct contravention or simply ignored Congressional direction in the report. That is unacceptable and must stop. Report language is directive, not permissive.

For example, in FY19 the Committee Report expressed significant displeasure with the inadequate budget justification by the Department of Defense. There have been improvements in certain areas, but a number of major proposals put forth by the DoD in the FY20 budget were incredibly lacking in detail. For example, there was a $72 million request to establish a Space Force, but the Department was unable to answer basic questions about the structure of the force, nor could the detail long-term costs. Because of that uncertainty, the Committee only provides $15 million for Space Force.

Another example would be the proposed reorganization of the Military Health System. This reorganization was mandated in the 2017 Defense Authorization Act. In its FY20 request the Department requested a significant amount of money for the reorganization and proposed a major reduction in healthcare billets. Yet it could not answer basic questions about how the reorganization would affect service members and beneficiaries. Of particular concern to the Committee were impacts to pediatrics, maternity care, and mental health. The legislation halts the reorganization until those questions can be answered.

Further, this legislation takes several steps to return to balance the relationship between the Executive and Legislative Branch, in response to the Administration's unconstitutional use of dollars appropriated for the military to fund the construction of the wall on the southern border. The Constitution gives the Congress the power of the purse. And if Congress appropriates funds for a designated and authorized purpose, it is not lawful for those funds to be used in contravention of that direction.

Specifically, the bill reduces the amount of money the Department can move between accounts by 75 percent from the FY 2019 levels. This reduction leaves the Department with $1.5 billion in general transfer authority, which allows for the meeting of urgent and emergent military requirements. The legislation also increases the notification requirements and requires additional detail be provided to Congress in order for the Department to reprogram funding or start a new program. These are not actions that were taken lightly, but are absolutely necessary in order to allow Congress to carry out its Article I responsibilities.

Finally, I feel compelled to spend a moment discussing the issue that has been an albatross around this Committee's neck since August 2, 2011, the Budget Control Act (BCA). In past years, I have bemoaned the sheer lunacy of the BCA and how it has made this Committee's work that much more difficult. Unfortunately, that dynamic remains until Congress and the President come together and find a solution to the BCA caps for FY20 and FY21. I understand that this is not a simple matter. However, I fail to see the benefit from delaying the conversation any longer.

In closing, I would like to again reiterate my thanks to Members and staff that logged the long hard hours required to put this product together and I look forward to debate on the amendments.

Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate thirty individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on June 7, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana.

America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America.

On June 7, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Ewa Szczepanik, Marcin Jan Kryczka, Martha Cecilia Meadows, Daewon Sun, Shams Khalaf, Negma H. Scott, Nosratollah Rezaee, Sonia Miramontes, Maria Reyes-Arellano, Brandi Jennifer Ellinger, Scepan Kovacevic, Eduardo de Freitas Ferreira, Lian Gu, Vicente Mauricio Gonzaga Gonzaga, Eric Coria Garcia, Sladan Alempijevic, Denise Alejandra Godinez, Samuel Assam, Claudia Gillies, Mark William Gillies, Wanpeng Tan, Erasto Lopez Lecona, Delun Shi, Milene Hurtado, Guang Dai, Emma Garza, Gintaras Bansevicius, Ancy Isac George, Jose Rodolfo Moreno, and Jose G. Londono.

Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so.

Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on June 7, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Madam Speaker, it is with deep sadness and great respect that I take this time to remember one of Northwest Indiana's most passionate and dedicated citizens, Lake County Councilwoman Elsie Franklin. Councilwoman Franklin passed away on Monday, May 6, 2019, at the age of 81. Her unwavering commitment to her constituents and her community is worthy of the highest praise, and she will be greatly missed by her family, friends, co-workers, and the many grateful residents whose lives she touched.

Elsie was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and moved to Gary, Indiana, at a young age. She attended Gary Roosevelt High School and built her life in the city of Gary. Ms. Franklin was a member of Clark Road Missionary Baptist Church and was very active in her faith throughout her lifetime. For Elsie, being able to improve her community and assist those in need was her life's purpose. She is remembered by family and friends as a role model who stood up for those who did not have a voice.

Throughout her lifetime of public service, Elsie Franklin served the people of Gary and Lake County in numerous capacities. She was the director of Gary's General Services under Mayor Thomas Barnes while also holding positions on various boards, charities, and organizations throughout the years. In 2002, she was elected to serve on the Lake County Council, representing the 2nd district. This victory marked the first time an African-American woman would serve on the Lake County Council. She was passionate about the people of her district and the issues they faced. Many remember her actively working to secure funding for services within the Lake County Juvenile Court system. The challenges facing the youth in the city of Gary and throughout Northwest Indiana were a priority for her, and Councilwoman Franklin was a true hero for her hard work and dedication to the children of our communities. Elsie served on the Lake County Council for the past seventeen years, and she was an outstanding activist for the people of her district and the city of Gary.

Councilwoman Franklin was also a strong leader for the Democratic Party in Northwest Indiana for many years. Throughout her remarkable career, spanning over 50 years, she served her party in numerous capacities. Elsie served as vice chairwoman of the Lake County Democratic Central Committee, and she was the first African-American woman to chair the Gary Democratic Precinct Organization.

Elsie Franklin is survived by her beloved children: Cherylynn, Michael, Kimberly, Kenya, Keesha, Theodore, and Dara. She also leaves to cherish her memory many dear friends and family members, as well as a saddened but grateful community.

Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in paying tribute to a true public servant, Ms. Elsie Franklin. For her outstanding contributions to the city of Gary and to the community of Northwest Indiana, she is to be commended. Elsie Franklin's legacy will be forever remembered and will continue to inspire generations to come.

Madam Speaker, it is with great respect and admiration that I rise to commend several exceptional leaders from Indiana who will be honored as the Northwest Indiana Business and Industry Hall of Fame Class of 2019. While there are many deserving nominees, this year's inductees include Kenneth J. Allen, Benito Gamba, Ron McColly, and David Van Eekeren. In addition, U.S. Steel will be presented with the Enterprise of the Year Award. For their many contributions to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, these honorees will be recognized at the 12th Annual Induction Ceremony on Tuesday, May 28, 2019, at Avalon Manor in Merrillville, Indiana. The Honorable Eric Holcomb, Governor of the State of Indiana, and United States Senator Todd Young will serve as keynote speakers for this special event.

Kenneth J. Allen graduated from Gary Lew Wallace High School and went on to study at Valparaiso University and the Indiana University School of Law. Before becoming an attorney, Mr. Allen worked in construction and then for a railroad company at a steel mill. After graduating law school, Ken opened his law firm in Valparaiso, focusing on personal injury

and wrongful death litigation. Today, his business consists of six locations, three in Indiana and three in Illinois. The Kenneth Allen Law Group tirelessly seeks out cases that can bring about true change in society. Mr. Allen also gives much of his time and support to various charitable endeavors, including the Lake Area United Way and the Boys and Girls Clubs of Northwest Indiana.

Benito Gamba is the founder and owner of Gamba Ristorante, located in Merrillville, Indiana. Benito was born in Altomonte, Italy, and moved to the United States in 1977. After working in several established restaurants, Mr. Gamba opened his own place, Cafe Venezia, in 1988. In 2001, he then opened the Venezia Bar and Grill, which was followed by the opening of his current establishment, Gamba Ristorante, in 2006. At this time in his life, Benito is focused on providing good jobs and continuing to share his love of food with the people of Northwest Indiana and beyond.

Ron McColly, a Gary native, is the owner of McColly Real Estate, the largest residential real estate company in Northwest Indiana. Throughout the years, Mr. McColly continued to build his business, and he has been immensely successful due to his outstanding leadership skills and determination. Today, McColly Real Estate consists of twenty-three real estate offices throughout the region. The McColly Company includes: Community Title, McColly Bennett Commercial, McColly Insurance, McColly Auctions, and the McColly School of Real Estate. Ron has continuously given back to the community through charitable support for numerous organizations, including the Methodist Hospitals Foundation and the Crown Point YMCA, among many others.

David Van Eekeren is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Land O'Frost, a processed deli meat company that is headquartered in Munster, Indiana. David is the third generation of his family to run the business. Land O'Frost is currently the third largest producer of processed deli meats in the United States and has plants in Illinois, Kentucky, and Arkansas. Under Mr. Van Eekeren's leadership the company continues to grow and is focused on adding new and innovative products. David gives back to his community in many ways, especially through his support for the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation and his service as a trustee for the Illinois Institute of Technology.

The recipient of the Enterprise of the Year Award is U.S. Steel for recently pledging two billion dollars to a company-wide asset revitalization program. A large part of the revitalization program is allocated for Gary Works, which is the largest integrated steel mill in North America and stretches for seven miles along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Gary Works currently employs more than 3,800 people, providing good jobs for hard-working families throughout the region. The revitalization program will ensure that the company is able to continue building the economy in Gary and Northwest Indiana for many years to come.

Madam Speaker, I ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in commending these dedicated leaders and organizations upon their induction into the Northwest Indiana Business and Industry Hall of Fame. They are truly deserving of this honor, and for their exceptional leadership and commitment to the region and beyond, each of them is worthy of the highest praise.

Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 2379, which will permanently reauthorize the Bulletproof Vest Partnership program.

I want to particularly thank Mr. Pascrell, as well as Mr. King, for taking the lead on this very important legislation.

In 1997, I co-authored the original legislation to create the Bulletproof Vest Partnership program with the gentleman who originated the idea for this legislation, and who was the original cosponsor, our good friend, former colleague, Representative Frank LoBiondo, from the State of New Jersey; he had been active over the last 22 years in having the act reauthorized, which is why I strongly support this bill to add permanence to it.

As has been mentioned during the debate, there have been over 13,000 jurisdictions who have been helped. I represent the First Congressional District in Indiana, and in Fiscal Year 2018 the Bulletproof Vest Partnership program provided $80,738 to local law enforcement in Northwest Indiana. This assisted in the purchase of about 200 new vests for officers who are protecting our communities.

Mr. Speaker, I stand here to reiterate my strong support for this legislation, and I ask my colleagues to support it.

Madam Chair, I ask unanimous consent to claim time in opposition, although I do not oppose the amendment.

Madam Chair, I rise in support of the gentleman's amendment.

We are still waiting for a final damage assessment, and we understand that the Air Force has just adjusted its original fiscal assessment.

The underlying bill includes $400 million for the airport. The Cunningham amendment will increase the amount to a total of $670 million.

The need for additional funding is acute. I have two of my colleagues who will also speak on that need.

I would simply point out that I deeply regret at this late date that the administration still has not made official requests to fund the needs of both the Air Force and the Marines in the recovery from last fall's hurricane.

Absent a comprehensive request, the funds necessary to address the extensive damage for these key installations will be provided in an inefficient and piecemeal fashion.

I would urge the administration, and particularly, the Office of Management and Budget and the Secretary of Defense, to finally send a full and detailed cost assessment to Congress and properly prioritize rebuilding of these installations.

I yield 1\1/2\ minutes to the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. Fortenberry), my colleague.

Madam Chair, I yield the balance of my time to the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. Bacon).

Madam Chair, I support the amendment, and I yield back the balance of my time.

Madam Speaker, I withdraw my reservation of a point of order.

Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate thirty individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on May 10, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana.

America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America.

On May 10, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Amorette Jackson Vorkpor, Ragubir Singh Rathore, Zeyad Khalaf Al Sedra Al Sedra, Bushra Thamer Mohsin, Jason Christopher Richardson, Sana Hajira Kendrix, Mari Diaz, Marisol Lopez Pantoja, Felipe Garcilazo Garcilazo, Alexandros Angelos Taflanidis, Henry G. Huang, Carlos Magdaleno, Teodora Orduno Gutierrez, Geena Jikyung Kam, Natalie B. Leonov, Andres Loza, Ying-Ling Lin, Araceli Magdaleno, Janet V. Fatti, Mourad Takawi, Veronica Gonzalez, Qusai M. Odeh, Ana Delia Aleman Lorenzo, Estela Reyes, Boubacar Bouka Gamby, Norma Alicia Garmendiz, Mika Trivunovic, Adrian Jaesim, Hisham Mahmoud Salih Abidallh and Stanislawa Antonina Malochleb.

Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so.

Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on May 10, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Madam Speaker, it is my distinct pleasure to recognize the Indian American Cultural Center of NWIHRC, which will be celebrating its 17th anniversary by hosting a gala dinner and banquet on Saturday, April 13, 2019, at the Halls of Saint George in Schererville, Indiana.

The Indian American Cultural Center, which opened on March 9, 2002, was established with the following goal in mind: to foster peace and harmony amongst the people of Northwest Indiana by showcasing their cultural heritage and creating spiritual awareness in both youth and adults, as well as to engage in various charitable endeavors, both nationally and locally. Since its inception, the Indian American Cultural Center has been instrumental in educating Northwest Indiana's citizens on the traditions and customs of the Indian heritage.

The members of the Indian American Cultural Center of NWIHRC are to be honored, not only for their commitment to preserving tradition, but also for their dedication to making improvements that benefit all mankind. Proceeds from this year's gala, which throughout the years has demonstrated the immense generosity of its attendees and organizers, will go to support the Nazareth Home in East Chicago and Veterans Life Changing Services in Gary. In the past, proceeds from the gala have gone to such noble causes as cancer research, educational scholarships, the American Red Cross, tsunami and hurricane relief funds, the Carmelite Home for Girls, Arc Bridges of Hobart, Campagna Academy, and many more. For their significant contributions to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, the members and leaders of the NWIHRC are worthy of the highest praise.

Madam Speaker, I ask that you and my other distinguished colleagues join me in congratulating the Indian American Cultural Center of NWIHRC on its 17th anniversary. The members and leaders of this outstanding organization have dedicated themselves to serving others, and continue to improve the quality of life for the people of Northwest Indiana and throughout the world. They serve as an inspiration to us all.

Madam Speaker, it is with great honor and respect that I recognize the Community Civility Counts Initiative as the organization celebrates its fourth annual World Civility Day on April 11, 2019, along with the Gary Chamber of Commerce, the entire community of Northwest Indiana, and beyond. World Civility Day is a day in which we are asked to become aware of our behavior towards others and to become mindful of our thoughts, words, and actions. It is a day to remember that we can be better people in every area of life, and to remember that our actions serve as an example for generations to come. In observance of this special event, a day of civility-themed activities will be held at the Indiana Welcome Center in Hammond, and an awards banquet will follow in the evening at the Avalon Manor in Merrillville.

In 2015, Chuck Hughes, Executive Director of the Gary Chamber of Commerce, and Dr. Gordon E. Bradshaw, Chairman of the Public Policy Committee, worked together through the Gary Chamber to create the Civility Counts Initiative. The organization's mission is to build public awareness of civility and to help transform communities through positive programs and relationships. The Initiative works to raise the consciousness level of individuals and groups of people, as so many of us face incidents of disrespect, intolerance, bullying, or violence. For striving to make a difference in our communities, the organization and its supporters are worthy of the highest praise.

This year, the organization welcomes and honors Dr. Clyde Rivers, President and Founder of IChange Nations. Dr. Rivers is also an Ambassador-at-Large for the Republic of Burundi, Africa. Dr. Rivers plans to incorporate the Community Civility Counts message into his own organization and his work for peace and civility throughout the world. Showing her support for this powerful message, Ms. Melba Moore, Grammy nominee and Tony Award winner, will be performing at the International Awards Dinner. Mr. Michael Turner, saxophonist for the Ohio Players, and Mr. Reginald Thornton, original dancer from the iconic Soul Train television show, will celebrate civility through their performances, as well.

Madam Speaker, I ask you and my other colleagues to join me in honoring and congratulating the Community Civility Counts Initiative and in celebrating World Civility Day. The significance of this movement will have a positive impact on generation after generation. For their influence, passion, and dedication to the community of Northwest Indiana and beyond, the leaders and supporters of the Community Civility Counts Initiative are to be commended.

Madam Speaker, on April 4, 2019, I missed Roll Call vote 153. Had I been present for Roll Call 153, on passage of S.J. Res. 7, a joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress, I would have voted ``Yes.''

I am deeply dismayed and saddened by the ongoing civil war in Yemen. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, this conflict has resulted in almost 22 million Yemenis in need of humanitarian assistance due to the worsening violence, including over 2 million internally displaced persons, as well as over 190,000 refugees that have fled to neighboring countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, and Somalia. I firmly believe that it is important for the U.S. to continue to support an end to the worsening violence and prevent further human suffering.

Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate thirty individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on April 5, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana.

America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America.

On April 5, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Yankho E. Pfledderer, Anas Bassam Kalam, Dalbag Singh Bajwa, Adriana Rivera, Josh Jesus Ortega, Luz C. Marquez, Zora Ristevska, Janette Magallanes, Maritza Zapata, Gonzalo Diaz, Julia A. Martinez, Araceli G. Campos, Bert Veenendaal, Yadviga Tischenko, Zoran Avramoski, Neha J. Patel, Irma Yolanda Duarte, Juan Carlos Amaya, Audrey Corinne Kaucoud Behinan, Miguel A. Rivera, Nathalia Conte Silvestre Casiano, Bojana Pavic, Victor Alvarez, Angelica Maria Avila, Enrique Vargas, Sonal B. Patel, Luis Enrique Hernandez, Sofia Sanchez, Alicia Prado, and Lourdes Maria Fry.

Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so.

Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on April 5, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.

Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure and sincerity that I take this time to congratulate twenty-five individuals who will take their oaths of citizenship on March 8, 2019. This memorable occasion will be held at the United States Courthouse and Federal Building in Hammond, Indiana.

America is a country founded by immigrants. From its beginning, settlers have come from countries around the world to the United States in search of better lives for their families. Oath ceremonies are a shining example of what is so great about the United States of America--that people from all over the world can come together and unite as members of a free, democratic nation. These individuals realize that nowhere else in the world offers a better opportunity for success than here in America.

On March 8, 2019, the following people, representing many nations throughout the world, will take their oaths of citizenship in Hammond, Indiana: Saudi Elizabeth Gonzalez-Martinez, Clemence lngabire Andrew, Avelina Garcia, Maria Del Carmen Trevino, Simona Podlecki, Fatoumata Diallo, Lorena Garcia-Vargas, Thu Le Coultas, Gustavo Lopez Lemus, Piotr Henryk Ozimek, Maria Del Pilar Parent-Quintana, Paticia Aguirre, Alyda Frederika Willemina Veenendaal, Khristine Mascardo Bernier, Gurpreet Kaur, Nada Jovanoski, Anaya Alvarez Lucila, Patricia Bugayong Fry, Miguel Avila, Nelly Berenguel Ramirez De Vargas, Elaine Criselda Dequina Moline, Dipika Darji, Adriana Albertina Martinez, Carmen Mendoza De Garcia, and George Vlahos.

Although each individual has sought to become a citizen of the United States for his or her own reasons, be it for education, occupation, or to offer their loved ones better lives, each is inspired by the fact that the United States of America is, as Abraham Lincoln described it, a country ``. . . of the people, by the people, and for the people.'' They realize that the United States is truly a free nation. By seeking American citizenship, they have made the decision that they want to live in a place where, as guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, they can practice religion as they choose, speak their minds without fear of punishment, and assemble in peaceful protest should they choose to do so.

Madam Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my other distinguished colleagues to join me in congratulating these individuals who will become citizens of the United States of America on March 8, 2019. They, too, are American citizens, guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We, as a free and democratic nation, congratulate them and welcome them.