All Congresses · Analytics

Congress, by the numbers.

Workhorses, mavericks, mortality funnels, polarization trends, and a Vote Twin quiz that finds your closest match in Washington.

173,621
Bills introduced
4,305
Became law
23,377
Roll-call votes
1,522
Members

Productivity Index

119th Congress by the numbers: 19,820 bills introduced, 138 enacted, 1,591 roll-call votes.

19,820Bills introduced
138Became law0.7% pass rate
1,591Roll-call votes
2.5% of bills introduced this congress have become law.
Source: Congress.gov119th Congress
Section 1

Member Rankings

The named winners and losers — workhorses, mavericks, and bipartisan builders.

The Workhorse Index

Members ranked by primary-sponsored bills.

  1. 1Robert Menendez
    Robert Menendez
    D·NJSENATE
    1,426bills
  2. 2Edward J. Markey
    Edward J. Markey
    D·MASENATE
    1,198bills
  3. 3Richard J. Durbin
    1,034bills
  4. 4Robert P. Casey Jr.
    1,020bills
  5. 5Dianne Feinstein
    Dianne Feinstein
    D·CASENATE
    996bills
  1. 6Amy Klobuchar
    Amy Klobuchar
    D·MNSENATE
    989bills
  2. 7Charles E. Schumer
    910bills
  3. 8Kirsten E. Gillibrand
    895bills
  4. 9Ron Wyden
    Ron Wyden
    D·ORSENATE
    860bills
  5. 10Marco Rubio
    Marco Rubio
    R·FLSENATE
    849bills
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Cosponsor Kings

Members who sign onto the most bills.

  1. 1Chris Van Hollen
    Chris Van Hollen
    D·MDSENATE
    6,573cosponsorships
  2. 2Adam B. Schiff
    Adam B. Schiff
    D·CASENATE
    6,253cosponsorships
  3. 3Edward J. Markey
    Edward J. Markey
    D·MASENATE
    5,999cosponsorships
  4. 4Richard J. Durbin
    5,999cosponsorships
  5. 5Sherrod Brown
    Sherrod Brown
    D·OHSENATE
    5,617cosponsorships
  1. 6Tammy Baldwin
    Tammy Baldwin
    D·WISENATE
    5,606cosponsorships
  2. 7Richard Blumenthal
    5,552cosponsorships
  3. 8Peter Welch
    Peter Welch
    D·VTSENATE
    5,406cosponsorships
  4. 9Amy Klobuchar
    Amy Klobuchar
    D·MNSENATE
    5,226cosponsorships
  5. 10Kirsten E. Gillibrand
    5,168cosponsorships
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

The Maverick Meter

Members who vote against their party's majority position most often.

  1. 1Zell Miller
    Zell Miller
    D·GASENATE
    61%339 of 554
  2. 2Lincoln Chafee
    Lincoln Chafee
    R·RISENATE
    29%379 of 1293
  3. 3Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    29%2357 of 8184
  4. 4Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    28%893 of 3138
  5. 5Scott P. Brown
    Scott P. Brown
    R·MASENATE
    28%210 of 757
  1. 6Ben Nelson
    Ben Nelson
    D·NESENATE
    27%830 of 3122
  2. 7John B. Breaux
    John B. Breaux
    D·LASENATE
    26%169 of 660
  3. 8Lisa Murkowski
    Lisa Murkowski
    R·AKSENATE
    21%1671 of 7780
  4. 9Doug  Jones
    Doug Jones
    D·ALSENATE
    21%202 of 950
  5. 10Arlen Specter
    Arlen Specter
    D·PASENATE
    20%525 of 2587
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Bipartisan Builders

Cosponsorships of bills sponsored by the opposite party.

  1. 1Bernard Sanders
    Bernard Sanders
    I·VTSENATE
    4,899cross-party cosponsorships
  2. 2Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    2,891cross-party cosponsorships
  3. 3Angus S. King Jr.
    2,828cross-party cosponsorships
  4. 4Lisa Murkowski
    Lisa Murkowski
    R·AKSENATE
    1,584cross-party cosponsorships
  5. 5Amy Klobuchar
    Amy Klobuchar
    D·MNSENATE
    1,433cross-party cosponsorships
  1. 6Kyrsten Sinema
    Kyrsten Sinema
    I·AZSENATE
    1,387cross-party cosponsorships
  2. 7Richard J. Durbin
    1,383cross-party cosponsorships
  3. 8Chris Van Hollen
    Chris Van Hollen
    D·MDSENATE
    1,339cross-party cosponsorships
  4. 9Shelley Moore Capito
    1,328cross-party cosponsorships
  5. 10John Boozman
    John Boozman
    R·ARSENATE
    1,315cross-party cosponsorships
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Freshman Power Rankings

First-term members of the 119th Congress, ranked by composite activity.

  1. 1Eugene Simon Vindman
    2,018composite score
  2. 2Sarah McBride
    Sarah McBride
    D·DEHOUSE
    922composite score
  3. 3Lateefah Simon
    Lateefah Simon
    D·CA-12HOUSE
    793composite score
  4. 4Yassamin Ansari
    Yassamin Ansari
    D·AZ-3HOUSE
    742composite score
  5. 5Josh Riley
    Josh Riley
    D·NY-19HOUSE
    721composite score
  1. 6Wesley Bell
    Wesley Bell
    D·MO-1HOUSE
    721composite score
  2. 7April McClain Delaney
    671composite score
  3. 8Suhas Subramanyam
    Suhas Subramanyam
    D·VA-10HOUSE
    655composite score
  4. 9Angela D. Alsobrooks
    651composite score
  5. 10Julie Johnson
    Julie Johnson
    D·TX-32HOUSE
    649composite score
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov119th Congress

Closest Re-elections

Members whose last election was decided by the smallest margins.

  1. 1Al  Franken
    Al Franken
    D·MNSENATE
    0.01pt margin
  2. 2Maria Cantwell
    Maria Cantwell
    D·WASENATE
    0.09pt margin
  3. 3Rick Scott
    Rick Scott
    R·FLSENATE
    0.12pt margin
  4. 4Margaret Wood Hassan
    0.14pt margin
  5. 5Tim Johnson
    Tim Johnson
    D·SDSENATE
    0.16pt margin
  1. 6David McCormick
    David McCormick
    R·PASENATE
    0.22pt margin
  2. 7Elissa Slotkin
    Elissa Slotkin
    D·MISENATE
    0.34pt margin
  3. 8Jim Webb
    Jim Webb
    D·VASENATE
    0.39pt margin
  4. 9Catherine Cortez Masto
    0.78pt margin
  5. 10Mark R. Warner
    Mark R. Warner
    D·VASENATE
    0.81pt margin
Show all (10)
All congresses

Attendance Hall of Fame & Hall of Shame

Who showed up — and who didn't.

Hall of Fame · best 5

  1. 1Jon Husted
    Jon Husted
    R·OHSENATE
    100.0%907 of 907
  2. 2
    100.0%40 of 40
  3. 3George S. Helmy
    George S. Helmy
    D·NJSENATE
    100.0%86 of 86
  4. 4Paul Grattan Kirk Jr.
    100.0%119 of 119
  5. 5
    Alan Armstrong
    R·OKSENATE
    100.0%191 of 191
  1. 6Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    99.9%8192 of 8197
  2. 7John E. Walsh
    John E. Walsh
    D·MTSENATE
    99.7%340 of 341
  3. 8George Allen
    George Allen
    R·VASENATE
    99.7%1320 of 1324
  4. 9Mike DeWine
    Mike DeWine
    R·OHSENATE
    99.7%1320 of 1324
  5. 10Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    99.6%3159 of 3171
Show all (10)

Hall of Shame · worst 5

  1. 1John Edwards
    John Edwards
    D·NCSENATE
    68.9%305 of 980 missed
  2. 2Kamala D. Harris
    Kamala D. Harris
    D·CASENATE
    76.7%401 of 1722 missed
  3. 3Bob Graham
    Bob Graham
    D·FLSENATE
    79.9%170 of 845 missed
  4. 4Barack Obama
    Barack Obama
    D·ILSENATE
    80.5%314 of 1614 missed
  5. 5J. D. Vance
    J. D. Vance
    R·OHSENATE
    82.1%151 of 843 missed
  1. 6Edward M. Kennedy
    83.8%435 of 2682 missed
  2. 7John F. Kerry
    John F. Kerry
    D·MASENATE
    84.2%593 of 3763 missed
  3. 8Kelly   Loeffler
    Kelly Loeffler
    R·GASENATE
    84.5%54 of 348 missed
  4. 9Zell Miller
    Zell Miller
    D·GASENATE
    84.8%121 of 796 missed
  5. 10John McCain
    John McCain
    R·AZSENATE
    85.6%816 of 5652 missed
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.govAll congresses
Section 2

Bills Pulse

What Congress is working on, what makes it through, and what dies on the way.

The Mortality Funnel

Only 2.5% of bills introduced in the 119th Congress have become law (4,305 of 173,621).

Introduced
173,621
Saw action
173,617100%
Passed a chamber
22,77713%
Passed both chambers
14,84065%
Became law
4,30529%
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Bills Across Congresses

Volume of bills introduced and the share that advanced in each congress.

Bills introduced by congress
108th10,669109th13,072110th14,042111th13,683112th12,305113th10,645114th12,073115th13,563116th16,606117th17,828118th19,315119th19,820
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Time to Pass

Median time from introduction to enactment: 204 days.

< 30 days
550
30–90 days
567
90–180 days
830
180–365 days
1231
1–2 years
1126
2+ years
1
Range: 0 – 741 days · 4305 enacted bills
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Policy Area Treemap

173,621 bills across 35 policy areas.

Bills by policy area in All Congresses
Health19,124Taxation13,131Armed Forces and National…12,900International Affairs11,676Government Operations and…10,746Crime and Law Enforcement8,641Public Lands and Natural …7,974Foreign Trade and Interna…7,600Education7,451Congress7,205
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Most Active Bills (last 30 days)

The bills Congress keeps coming back to.

  • H.Res. 1641

    Honoring the contributions of Indian Americans and supporting the designation of July as "Indian American Heritage Month".

    385.5
    velocity
  • H.Res. 1644

    Supporting the goals and ideals of October as "National Domestic Violence Awareness Month".

    129
    velocity
  • H.R. 2036

    Credit for Caring Act of 2025

    81
    velocity
  • H.R. 10740

    To designate Ukraine under section 244 of the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide certain nationals of Ukraine with continued eligibility for temporary protected status, and for other purposes.

    79.5
    velocity
  • H.R. 10875

    To amend titles II and XVIII of the Social Security Act to lower the Medicare eligibility age to 50, and for other purposes.

    73
    velocity
  • H.Res. 1618

    Recognizing the third anniversary of the October 7, 2023, terrorist attacks on Israel, honoring the victims and the hostages, and calling for the complete disarmament of Hamas for a durable end to the war in Gaza.

    70.5
    velocity
  • H.R. 10907

    Stop Harassment and Intimidations in Elections through Legal Defenses (SHIELD) Our Elections Act

    59.5
    velocity
  • H.R. 10582

    Motion Picture, Television, and Entertainment Revitalization Act

    57
    velocity
  • H.R. 10828

    To impose sanctions with respect to oil and gas extraction and refinement by the Russian Federation, and for other purposes.

    53
    velocity
  • H.R. 10841

    Securing Elections From AI Deception Act

    52.5
    velocity
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Most Cosponsored Bills

Which bills built the biggest coalitions.

  • H.R. 2369

    To amend title 36, United States Code, to provide for an additional power for the American Legion under its Federal charter.

    432
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 24

    To redesignate the Department of the Navy as the Department of the Navy and Marine Corps.

    425
    cosponsors
  • H.Res. 771

    Standing with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists.

    425
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 406

    Alice Paul Women's Suffrage Congressional Gold Medal Act

    406
    cosponsors
  • H.Res. 364

    Designating room HVC 215 of the Capitol Visitor Center as the "Gabriel Zimmerman Meeting Room".

    402
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 1948

    Lymphedema Treatment Act of 2019

    386
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 2519

    The American Legion 100th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act

    385
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 930

    Lymphedema Treatment Act

    385
    cosponsors
  • H.Res. 1110

    Supporting the announcements of the establishment of full diplomatic relations between the State of Israel and the United Arab Emirates and the State of Israel and the Kingdom of Bahrain, and for other purposes.

    383
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 303

    Retired Pay Restoration Act of 2003

    383
    cosponsors
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Bipartisan Magnet Bills

Bills with the most balanced D/R cosponsorship.

  • 1
    H.R. 2750

    NASA 50th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act

    D149
    R149
    100
    balance
  • 2
    H.R. 1132

    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend and modify the railroad track maintenance credit.

    D131
    R131
    100
    balance
  • 3
    H.R. 3315

    To provide that the great hall of the Capitol Visitor Center shall be known as Emancipation Hall.

    D114
    R114
    100
    balance
  • 4
    H.R. 24

    To redesignate the Department of the Navy as the Department of the Navy and Marine Corps.

    D109
    R109
    100
    balance
  • 5
    H.R. 1024

    Medication Therapy Management Empowerment Act of 2013

    D85
    R85
    100
    balance
  • 6
    H.R. 2725

    Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act of 2025

    D84
    R84
    100
    balance
  • 7
    H.R. 303

    Retired Pay Restoration Act

    D68
    R68
    100
    balance
  • 8
    H.R. 1675

    Brewers Excise and Economic Relief Act of 2011

    D62
    R62
    100
    balance
  • 9
    H.R. 1361

    To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for the non-application of Medicare competitive acquisition rates to complex rehabilitative wheelchairs and accessories.

    D52
    R52
    100
    balance
  • 10
    S.Res. 19

    A resolution honoring President Gerald Rudolph Ford.

    D49
    R49
    100
    balance
Source: Congress.govAll congresses
Section 3

Votes & Polarization

Roll-call patterns, partisan fault lines, and the moments Congress was nearly tied.

Polarization Index

74% of votes in the 119th Congress were party-line — the most polarized congress in the dataset.

Party-line vote rate by congress
108th36.2%109th32.1%110th37.9%111th38.5%112th49.6%113th53.5%114th56.3%115th54.9%116th52.7%117th55.2%118th56.9%119th74.4%
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Closest Votes

Roll-call votes decided by the smallest margins.

  • 1

    On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Warner Amdt. No. 5556)

    senate·Jun 4, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 49
    49 Nay
  • 2

    On Motion to Recommit

    house·H.R. 1329·May 21, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 209
    209 Nay
  • 3

    On Agreeing to the Resolution

    house·H.Con.Res. 75·May 14, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 212
    212 Nay
  • 4

    On the Motion to Proceed S.J.Res. 141

    senate·S.J.Res. 141·May 13, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 5

    On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Sanders Amdt. No. 5159)

    senate·Apr 23, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 49
    49 Nay
  • 6

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 5333 to S.Con.Res. 33 (No short title on file)

    senate·Apr 23, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 49
    49 Nay
  • 7

    On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Ossoff Amdt. No. 4897)

    senate·Apr 22, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 49
    49 Nay
  • 8

    On Agreeing to the Resolution

    house·H.Con.Res. 68·Jan 22, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 215
    215 Nay
  • 9

    On the Point of Order S.J.Res. 98

    senate·S.J.Res. 98·Jan 14, 2026
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 10

    Call of the House

    house·Jan 6, 2026
    0
    vote margin
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Committee Power Index

Committees ranked by bills referred and bills enacted.

Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Vote Type Breakdown

23,377 roll-call votes by category.

Votes by type in All Congresses
procedural8,790amendment7,352confirmation3,106passage2,067other887cloture674journal211adjournment173quorum51election31
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

VP Tie-Breakers

Times the Vice President cast the deciding vote in the Senate.

59
Tie-breaker votes
Source: Congress.govAll congresses

Vote Activity Calendar

23,377 roll-call votes over 3428 days.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSep
SunTueThuSat
Source: Congress.govAll congresses
Section 4

Find your Vote Twin

The headline interactive — answer 10 real votes, find the member who voted most like you.

Find your Vote Twin

Pick topics, answer 10 real votes, and we'll show you the member of Congress who voted most like you.

Section 5

Composition

Who actually sits in the room.

Chamber Composition

Every member who served at any point during the 119th Congress.

house451
house party composition
  • Democrat224
  • Republican227
senate104
senate party composition
  • Democrat45
  • Independent2
  • Republican57