Healthy Forest Initiative
Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the gentleman's leadership on this issue. The Representative from Utah is the chairman of the Western Caucus this year, and given the motivation by the Chief Executive to move forward on the healthy forest…
Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the gentleman's leadership on this issue.
The Representative from Utah is the chairman of the Western Caucus this year, and given the motivation by the Chief Executive to move forward on the healthy forest initiative, I join with my chairman of the caucus as well as the rest of the caucus in an enthusiastic effort to try to make sure that the healthy forest initiative goes forward.
Mr. Speaker, as we debate the healthy forest issue tonight, I am reminded that we were approaching the 100th-year anniversary of what Idahoans refer to as the ``big blowup,'' that is, the fires of 1910. It was a series of 1,763 fires that ravaged some 3 million acres and killed 85 people during August of 1910. The hardest hit areas were the Clearwater National Forest, the Coeur d'Alene national forests of Idaho, the Lolo and the Cabinet national forests of Montana.
I would like to share with my colleagues, if I might, an excerpt from ``The Big Burn,'' a book that was written on the Northwest fires by Stan Cohen and Don Miller:
``Daylight was shut out as far north as Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; as far south as Denver; and as far east as Watertown, New York. To the west, officers of a British vessel 500 miles out of San Francisco said that they were unable to take observations for ten days because of smoke in the atmosphere caused by the big burn. Some claim that smoke from the big blaze reached one-third of the way around the world.''
This big burn started near a little town called Elk City, Idaho, a small community surrounded by dead and dying trees. That community is struggling to keep its one and only lumber mill in business. During the past 20 years, we have seen the growth of the surrounding forests double and the mortality rate from bugs and from viruses triple, all while the timber cuts steadily decline. In short, the sustainability of the forest is declining as the trees die.
A variety of factors have caused this monumental and potentially national disaster, including severe insect infestations, the practice of fighting nearly every wildfire and a passive forest management philosophy. The forest health crises on our public lands can no longer be ignored.
There are over 190 million acres of Federal land at risk to catastrophic fire. The national forest system is home to more than 72 million acres of high-risk catastrophic wildfire and more than 26 million acres at high risk to insect infestation and disease.
The administration must be commended for the action that it has already taken, which precipitated the healthy forest initiative through its current regulation to reduce procedural delays in preparing projects to reduce the fire danger and address forest health problems; but more must be done.
The Healthy Forest Restoration Act seeks to streamline bureaucratic procedures that stymie legitimate management efforts without unduly restricting public participation. Forest management projects could still be subject to rigorous environmental analysis as well as administrative challenges and lawsuits, but the process would be completed in a matter of months rather than in a matter of years.
Tough environmental safeguards in the bill would provide heightened restriction on management activities in inventoried roadless areas, and old growth trees would receive additional protection. At the same time, priority would be given to management projects near communities and the watershed.
The measure would also facilitate use of otherwise valueless wood, brush and slash for production of biomass energy, a key component in our upcoming energy bill; authorize Federal programs to support community-based partnerships addressing forest stewardship and watershed protection and restoration needs at the State and local level; and direct additional research on the early detection and containment of disease and insect infestations.
We cannot tolerate another season of death and destruction. We are past the analysis paralysis point, Mr. Speaker; and the point in this debate is that we must move forward. It is time we got to work on the ground. The sooner we get this legislation through Congress, the sooner we begin ensuring the future of our forests. We need to act quickly before Idaho is faced with another big burn.
I thank the gentleman from Utah for yielding to me.
It has been, and when I served on the Committee on Resources last year with the gentleman from Utah, as he will recall, Dale Bosworth, the new supervisor of the forest, indicated to us that, and he was the one that coined the term ``analysis paralysis,'' and he indicated to us that so many of the resources of the forest agency are being consumed by not only procedures in court but also preparing to go to court and then filing such an analysis of overwhelming environmental studies hopefully to prevent themselves from having to go to court. I believe that the gentleman's figures of 40 percent and upwards are indeed quoted from Mr. Bosworth's testimony.
I think that is one of the key components in this forest health restoration act and that is allowing for that opportunity to go to court if that is necessary, but the players must be part of the process prior to the plan being delivered and then taking them to court later.
As the gentleman will recall, many times in the testimony that we received in the Committee on Resources last year, there would be one or two of these interest groups that would be involved in the planning process, that would be involved in the environmental analysis, in the NEPA process and all the public hearings, and they would be agreeing and they would be working with the forest service; and then when the forest service had blocked the sale, the sale in some cases had gone through, then another interest group that had never had a dog in the fight suddenly rushes over to court with a $20 bill and then a 34 cent stamp, and filed an action to stay any future action on that sale.
In many cases, if it were the restoration or the recovery from a burn or some other kind of insect infestation, the opportunity window for harvesting what good that can come out of that forest was lost.
That is right, and I think some of the pictures that the gentleman will show later will be very obvious in what can happen to a healthy forest that is overgrown and weakened as a result of the closing canopy and weakened as a result of the overgrowth.
I can tell my colleague that testimony I received up in a little town called Grangeville, Idaho, just last weekend, my colleague, Senator Craig from the Senate, who is from Idaho, joined me in that hearing, and we were told that in many cases there is as much as 80 tons per acre of fuel that has grown as a result of lack of harvest.
We had a sustainable yield, sustainable harvest program for years; and when we got away from that and took a passive attitude toward the management of our forests, the watershed, the habitat, the result was that the forest continued to grow. It did not stop. The forest continued to grow; and as a result, we have had a tremendous overgrowth, and just as is the case with any species, we get them crowded in too close of an area and if one gets sick, they all get sick; and that is where we are with our forests.
The other thing I would like to bring to my colleague's attention is the picture he shows there, the one closest to him which would be on the left. When we have that healthy a fuel loaded, what happens when that forest does burn, just as it shows there, it burns so hot that it actually calcines the Earth; and when it calcines the Earth 16, 18, 20 inches deep, it burns all of the natural nutrients right out of the soil. So the result is that nothing will grow there for years and years. It is like trying to grow something in a jar of marbles. There is not anything to hold the root system. There is not anything to feed the root system.
The big blowup that I referred to in my opening statement, part of the big burn of that 3 million acres was a place in Idaho in the St. Joe, just up from the St. Joe called Slate Creek, and that
fire was in 1910, and today there are still areas in those reaches where nothing grows because the nutrients were burnt out of the soil over a hundred years ago, and there has been nothing to replace it.
Let me just go ahead and make one more analogy for anybody that may be watching this.
In the old days I know when I was growing up and we raked the leaves and everything in the fall of the year, we would rake them up into a pile; and if we burn them on the lawn, if we even have that little bit of fuel, even that little bit of heat, we would have a spot there for years to come. Just imagine magnifying that by 100 or 150 times and then how long that that spot is going to be there.
And sometimes it gets to the point where good people get very frustrated. I know in Idaho we have had some good people quit the Federal agencies there because of the fact that they just were not allowed to do their job, and they just got frustrated and they left.
Another aspect of that is since 1989, just 14 short years, we have shut down half of our ability to saw logs. We have shut down half of our lumber mills, about 37 lumber mills thus far. All those jobs are gone.
We get to the point that in many places in Idaho, these small communities that lived and worked for generation after generation, that grew up in those communities, school systems counted on those communities, the infrastructure around it, and when those lumber mills shut down, the towns died, the schools went away, and people then transferred. They end up having to transfer into the more populated areas, and to then go through vocational education to get a new job, ruining the historical fabric, ruining the work ethic, if you will, of the folks not only in the agencies, but also those folks that watched their grandfathers and grandmothers and their mothers and fathers that grew up in those areas, that went to college from those areas, and then came back to become silvaculturalists or become foresters because their great effort in life, their great desire in life was to go to work for the Forest Service.
I have traveled around the world in many capacities. In my private business capacity I was the president of the international division, and between that and being the Lieutenant Governor of Idaho for 14 years, it was my job to sell our groceries, to get around the world and strut our stuff and show these other countries what we had, and in the process I went to some 82 different countries. One of the things I found, when we got into some of these developing countries, is that they wanted to know about the School of Forestry, the College of Forestry at the University of Idaho. It had a reputation worldwide.
I talked with the President here just a while back and he said, you know, we may have to close down that school. We have already closed down some of the other natural resource schools because nobody is managing them anymore. We are making all our decisions in court. None of the decisions are being made on the forest floor. None of the decisions are really being made for the health and the cleanliness of the watershed, for the health and cleanliness of the water itself, the streams that run into those reaches of the mountains. As a result, we are losing our national reputation. We are losing, unfortunately, one of our real national heritages in our culture.
We have had some great rains. In fact, the farmers all call them million-dollar rains. I think Bonneville Power said the other day they had an $80 million week, the week that it rained so hard up in the Pacific Northwest. Because of the watershed, because of the snow and the watershed going into the reservoirs, they were going to have much more water in those reservoirs for the production of power than they thought they were going to have.
But any time there is that much fuel, and as the gentleman knows, come July and August when we hit those 100, 105 day temperatures out in the West, out in our country, out in the Rockies, that is going to dry that fuel. And unless we graze it with the cattle or have some other method of removing that, we are going to have that stairstep that the gentleman talked about, that stepladder that the gentleman talked about. We will have the grasses low, which will then meet the interface of the browse and the brush itself, and then right on up into the trees.
Tomorrow is not too soon. And I know, looking at Idaho, where we have the overgrowth, where we have high unemployment, all these counties that I talked about where that 1910 fire went up, I have six counties that run right up through that vein where that 1910 fire went that all have double-digit unemployment, they are all ready to go to work. All we need to do is to pass the hiring mechanism, and that hiring mechanism, that action mechanism is this bill.