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109th Congress (2005-2007) hub

109th Congress (2005-2007), in detail.

Every analytics panel scoped to the 109th Congress (2005-2007), plus comparisons against the 108th.

13,072
Bills introduced
483
Became law
1,859
Roll-call votes
546
Members

Productivity Index

109th Congress by the numbers: 13,072 bills introduced, 483 enacted, 1,859 roll-call votes.

13,072Bills introduced+22.5% vs. previous
483Became law-4.2% vs. previous
1,859Roll-call votes
3.7% of bills introduced this congress have become law.
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress
Section 1

Member Rankings

The named winners and losers — workhorses, mavericks, and bipartisan builders.

The Workhorse Index

Members ranked by primary-sponsored bills.

  1. 1Robert Menendez
    Robert Menendez
    D·NJSENATE
    336bills
  2. 2Rick Santorum
    Rick Santorum
    R·PASENATE
    156bills
  3. 3Dianne Feinstein
    Dianne Feinstein
    D·CASENATE
    129bills
  4. 4Robert E. Andrews
    Robert E. Andrews
    D·NJ-1HOUSE
    128bills
  5. 5William H. Frist
    William H. Frist
    R·TNSENATE
    125bills
  1. 6Charles E. Schumer
    98bills
  2. 7Sam Brownback
    Sam Brownback
    R·KSSENATE
    97bills
  3. 8Gordon H. Smith
    Gordon H. Smith
    R·ORSENATE
    94bills
  4. 9Mike DeWine
    Mike DeWine
    R·OHSENATE
    92bills
  5. 10Hillary Rodham Clinton
    90bills
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Cosponsor Kings

Members who sign onto the most bills.

  1. 1Robert Menendez
    Robert Menendez
    D·NJSENATE
    1,138cosponsorships
  2. 2Raúl M. Grijalva
    Raúl M. Grijalva
    D·AZ-7HOUSE
    1,050cosponsorships
  3. 3Major R. Owens
    Major R. Owens
    D·NY-11HOUSE
    922cosponsorships
  4. 4Donald M. Payne
    Donald M. Payne
    D·NJ-10HOUSE
    862cosponsorships
  5. 5John Conyers, Jr.
    John Conyers, Jr.
    D·MI-14HOUSE
    860cosponsorships
  1. 6Jim McDermott
    Jim McDermott
    D·WA-7HOUSE
    853cosponsorships
  2. 7Sheila Jackson Lee
    Sheila Jackson Lee
    D·TX-18HOUSE
    846cosponsorships
  3. 8James P. McGovern
    James P. McGovern
    D·MA-3HOUSE
    803cosponsorships
  4. 9Janice D. Schakowsky
    788cosponsorships
  5. 10Robert Wexler
    Robert Wexler
    D·FL-19HOUSE
    763cosponsorships
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

The Maverick Meter

Members who vote against their party's majority position most often.

  1. 1Ron Paul
    Ron Paul
    R·TX-14HOUSE
    39%434 of 1120
  2. 2Lincoln Chafee
    Lincoln Chafee
    R·RISENATE
    38%236 of 625
  3. 3Ben Nelson
    Ben Nelson
    D·NESENATE
    37%238 of 643
  4. 4Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    28%181 of 637
  5. 5Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    25%162 of 645
  1. 6Gene Taylor
    Gene Taylor
    D·MS-4HOUSE
    24%278 of 1146
  2. 7Walter B. Jones
    Walter B. Jones
    R·NC-3HOUSE
    24%269 of 1132
  3. 8Arlen Specter
    Arlen Specter
    D·PASENATE
    23%145 of 628
  4. 9Dan Boren
    Dan Boren
    D·OK-2HOUSE
    23%272 of 1179
  5. 10Christopher Shays
    Christopher Shays
    R·CT-4HOUSE
    22%256 of 1144
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Bipartisan Builders

Cosponsorships of bills sponsored by the opposite party.

  1. 1Bernard Sanders
    Bernard Sanders
    I·VTHOUSE
    601cross-party cosponsorships
  2. 2Robert Menendez
    Robert Menendez
    D·NJSENATE
    458cross-party cosponsorships
  3. 3Robert Wexler
    Robert Wexler
    D·FL-19HOUSE
    288cross-party cosponsorships
  4. 4James M. Jeffords
    283cross-party cosponsorships
  5. 5Sheila Jackson Lee
    Sheila Jackson Lee
    D·TX-18HOUSE
    271cross-party cosponsorships
  1. 6Bart Gordon
    Bart Gordon
    D·TN-6HOUSE
    270cross-party cosponsorships
  2. 7Michael R. McNulty
    Michael R. McNulty
    D·NY-21HOUSE
    268cross-party cosponsorships
  3. 8Sanford D. Bishop, Jr.
    268cross-party cosponsorships
  4. 9Collin C. Peterson
    Collin C. Peterson
    D·MN-7HOUSE
    260cross-party cosponsorships
  5. 10Donald M. Payne
    Donald M. Payne
    D·NJ-10HOUSE
    258cross-party cosponsorships
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Freshman Power Rankings

First-term members of the 109th Congress, ranked by composite activity.

  1. 1Ken Salazar
    Ken Salazar
    D·COSENATE
    644composite score
  2. 2Emanuel Cleaver
    Emanuel Cleaver
    D·MO-5HOUSE
    585composite score
  3. 3Brian Higgins
    Brian Higgins
    D·NY-27HOUSE
    577composite score
  4. 4Barack Obama
    Barack Obama
    D·ILSENATE
    573composite score
  5. 5John R. "Randy" Kuhl Jr.
    565composite score
  1. 6Debbie Wasserman Schultz
    556composite score
  2. 7Al Green
    Al Green
    D·TX-9HOUSE
    528composite score
  3. 8Doris O. Matsui
    Doris O. Matsui
    D·CA-5HOUSE
    488composite score
  4. 9Allyson Y. Schwartz
    Allyson Y. Schwartz
    D·PA-13HOUSE
    473composite score
  5. 10Michael T. McCaul
    Michael T. McCaul
    R·TX-10HOUSE
    463composite score
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Closest Re-elections

Members whose last election was decided by the smallest margins.

  1. 1Michael E. Sodrel
    Michael E. Sodrel
    R·IN-9HOUSE
    0.5pt margin
  2. 2Charlie Melancon
    Charlie Melancon
    D·LA-3HOUSE
    0.5pt margin
  3. 3Brian Higgins
    Brian Higgins
    D·NY-27HOUSE
    0.66pt margin
  4. 4Mel Martinez
    Mel Martinez
    R·FLSENATE
    1.11pt margin
  5. 5John Thune
    John Thune
    R·SDSENATE
    1.15pt margin
  1. 6Jim Bunning
    Jim Bunning
    R·KYSENATE
    1.31pt margin
  2. 7Jim Gerlach
    Jim Gerlach
    R·PA-6HOUSE
    2.03pt margin
  3. 8Lisa Murkowski
    Lisa Murkowski
    R·AKSENATE
    3.03pt margin
  4. 9Jean Schmidt
    Jean Schmidt
    R·OH-2HOUSE
    3.27pt margin
  5. 10Melissa L. Bean
    Melissa L. Bean
    D·IL-8HOUSE
    3.4pt margin
Show all (10)
109th Congress

Attendance Hall of Fame & Hall of Shame

Who showed up — and who didn't.

Hall of Fame · best 5

  1. 1J. Dennis Hastert
    J. Dennis Hastert
    R·IL-14HOUSE
    100.0%119 of 119
  2. 2Albio Sires
    Albio Sires
    D·NJ-8HOUSE
    100.0%27 of 27
  3. 3Shelley Sekula Gibbs
    100.0%27 of 27
  4. 4Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    100.0%645 of 645
  5. 5Chuck Grassley
    Chuck Grassley
    R·IASENATE
    100.0%645 of 645
  1. 6John Kline
    John Kline
    R·MN-2HOUSE
    99.9%1214 of 1215
  2. 7Dale E. Kildee
    Dale E. Kildee
    D·MI-5HOUSE
    99.9%1214 of 1215
  3. 8Fred Upton
    Fred Upton
    R·MI-6HOUSE
    99.9%1214 of 1215
  4. 9Bob Goodlatte
    Bob Goodlatte
    R·VA-6HOUSE
    99.9%1214 of 1215
  5. 10Mitch McConnell
    Mitch McConnell
    R·KYSENATE
    99.8%645 of 646
Show all (10)

Hall of Shame · worst 5

  1. 1Lane Evans
    Lane Evans
    D·IL-17HOUSE
    69.8%526 of 1740 missed
  2. 2Jon S. Corzine
    Jon S. Corzine
    D·NJSENATE
    72.9%136 of 502 missed
  3. 3Jim Davis
    Jim Davis
    D·FL-11HOUSE
    80.1%302 of 1516 missed
  4. 4Ted Strickland
    Ted Strickland
    D·OH-6HOUSE
    81.4%278 of 1492 missed
  5. 5John D. Rockefeller IV
    81.9%143 of 788 missed
  1. 6Harold E. Ford Jr.
    Harold E. Ford Jr.
    D·TN-9HOUSE
    85.0%214 of 1428 missed
  2. 7Ernest J. Istook Jr.
    85.6%205 of 1419 missed
  3. 8Luis V. Gutierrez
    Luis V. Gutierrez
    D·IL-4HOUSE
    86.5%189 of 1398 missed
  4. 9John E. Sweeney
    John E. Sweeney
    R·NY-20HOUSE
    87.1%180 of 1394 missed
  5. 10John Lewis
    John Lewis
    D·GA-5HOUSE
    87.3%177 of 1391 missed
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress
Section 2

Bills Pulse

What Congress is working on, what makes it through, and what dies on the way.

The Mortality Funnel

Only 3.7% of bills introduced in the 109th Congress have become law (483 of 13,072).

Introduced
13,072
Saw action
13,072100%
Passed a chamber
2,10816%
Passed both chambers
1,51372%
Became law
48332%
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Time to Pass

Median time from introduction to enactment: 168 days.

< 30 days
79
30–90 days
66
90–180 days
105
180–365 days
130
1–2 years
103
2+ years
0
Range: 0 – 710 days · 483 enacted bills
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Policy Area Treemap

13,072 bills across 35 policy areas.

Bills by policy area in 109th Congress (2005-2007)
Foreign Trade and Interna…1,697Commemorations1,300Health1,132Taxation1,056International Affairs846Public Lands and Natural …683Armed Forces and National…631Congress598Crime and Law Enforcement459Government Operations and…436
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Most Active Bills (last 30 days)

The bills Congress keeps coming back to.

  • H.R. 6164

    National Institutes of Health Reform Act of 2006

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 5483

    Railroad Retirement Disability Earnings Act

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 482

    Pine Springs Land Exchange Act

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 4997

    Physicians for Underserved Areas Act

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 1245

    Johanna's Law

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 4709

    Telephone Records and Privacy Protection Act of 2006

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 5948

    Belarus Democracy Reauthorization Act of 2006

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 5946

    Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 6338

    Geneva Distinctive Emblems Protection Act of 2006

    6
    velocity
  • H.R. 486

    Holloman Air Force Base Land Exchange Act

    6
    velocity
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Most Cosponsored Bills

Which bills built the biggest coalitions.

  • H.R. 282

    Iran Freedom Support Act

    360
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 994

    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow Federal civilian and military retirees to pay health insurance premiums on a pretax basis and to allow a deduction for TRICARE supplemental premiums.

    340
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 147

    Social Security Fairness Act of 2005

    327
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 817

    Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act of 2005

    325
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 358

    Little Rock Central High School Desegregation 50th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act

    321
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 4562

    Fourteenth Dalai Lama Congressional Gold Medal Act

    313
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 1259

    To award a congressional gold medal on behalf of the Tuskegee Airmen, collectively, in recognition of their unique military record, which inspired revolutionary reform in the Armed Forces.

    310
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 2808

    Abraham Lincoln Commemorative Coin Act

    309
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 2872

    Louis Braille Bicentennial--Braille Literacy Commemorative Coin Act

    309
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 4902

    Byron Nelson Congressional Gold Medal Act

    302
    cosponsors
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Bipartisan Magnet Bills

Bills with the most balanced D/R cosponsorship.

  • 1
    H.R. 793

    Save Our Small and Seasonal Businesses Act

    D43
    R43
    100
    balance
  • 2
    H.R. 986

    Teacher Tax Credit Act of 2005

    D42
    R42
    100
    balance
  • 3
    H.R. 3

    SAFETEA-LU

    D40
    R40
    100
    balance
  • 4
    H.Res. 523

    Condemning Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's threats against Israel.

    D35
    R35
    100
    balance
  • 5
    H.Con.Res. 390

    Expressing the sense of the Congress that, as a matter of economic and national security, the United States Government should protect and support United States currency.

    D29
    R29
    100
    balance
  • 6
    H.Res. 441

    To congratulate the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Discovery crew of Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot Jim Kelly, Mission Specialist Charlie Camarda, Mission Specialist Wendy Lawrence, Mission Specialist Soichi Noguchi, Mission Specialist Steve Robinson, and Mission Specialist Andy Thomas on the successful completion of their 14 day test flight to the International Space Station for the first step of the Vision for Space Exploration, begun from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 26, 2005, and completed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 9, 2005, which historical mission represented a great step forward into the new beginning of the Second Space Age.

    D29
    R29
    100
    balance
  • 7
    S. 3936

    National Competitiveness Investment Act

    D21
    R21
    100
    balance
  • 8
    H.R. 1544

    Faster and Smarter Funding for First Responders Act of 2005

    D20
    R20
    100
    balance
  • 9
    H.Res. 12

    Expressing condolences and support for assistance to the victims of the earthquake and tsunamis that occurred on December 26, 2004, in South and Southeast Asia.

    D20
    R20
    100
    balance
  • 10
    S. 313

    Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 2005

    D19
    R19
    100
    balance
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Chamber Composition

Party split for the 109th Congress at the start of the session (Jan 3).

house446
house party composition
  • Democrat208
  • Independent1
  • Republican237
senate100
senate party composition
  • Democrat44
  • Independent1
  • Republican55
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress
Section 3

Votes & Polarization

Roll-call patterns, partisan fault lines, and the moments Congress was nearly tied.

Closest Votes

Roll-call votes decided by the smallest margins.

  • 1

    Call of the House

    house·Dec 8, 2006
    0
    vote margin
  • 2

    On the Motion (Motion to Waive the Emergency Designation Re: Schumer Amdt. No. 4587)

    senate·Jul 12, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 3

    On the Motion (Motion to Waive CBA Re: Biden Amdt. No. 4553)

    senate·Jul 12, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 4

    On Agreeing to the Amendment

    house·H.R. 5576·Jun 14, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 214
    214 Nay
  • 5

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 4097 to S. 2611 (Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006)

    senate·May 25, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 49
    49 Nay
  • 6

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 3166 to S.Con.Res. 83 (No short title on file)

    senate·Mar 16, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 7

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 3121 to S.Con.Res. 83 (No short title on file)

    senate·Mar 16, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 8

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 3009 to S.Con.Res. 83 (No short title on file)

    senate·Mar 15, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 49
    49 Nay
  • 9

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 3028 to S.Con.Res. 83 (No short title on file)

    senate·Mar 14, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
  • 10

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 3013 to S.Con.Res. 83 (No short title on file)

    senate·Mar 14, 2006
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 50
    50 Nay
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Committee Power Index

Committees ranked by bills referred and bills enacted.

Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Vote Type Breakdown

1,859 roll-call votes by category.

Votes by type in 109th Congress (2005-2007)
amendment739procedural712passage170other120confirmation59cloture42journal8quorum4adjournment4election1
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

VP Tie-Breakers

Times the Vice President cast the deciding vote in the Senate.

1
Tie-breaker votes
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress

Vote Activity Calendar

1,859 roll-call votes over 246 days.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SunTueThuSat
Source: Congress.gov109th Congress
Section 4

Find your Vote Twin

The headline interactive — answer 10 real votes, find the member who voted most like you.

Find your Vote Twin

Pick topics, answer 10 real votes, and we'll show you the member of Congress who voted most like you.

Section 5

vs. Previous Congress

109th vs. 108th Congress

Side-by-side, with directional change.

Bills introduced
13,072
vs.
10,669
+22.5%
Became law
483
vs.
504
-4.2%
Roll-call votes
1,859
vs.
1,896
-2.0%