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108th Congress (2003-2005) hub

108th Congress (2003-2005), in detail.

Every analytics panel scoped to the 108th Congress (2003-2005), plus comparisons against the previous.

10,669
Bills introduced
504
Became law
1,896
Roll-call votes
544
Members

Productivity Index

108th Congress by the numbers: 10,669 bills introduced, 504 enacted, 1,896 roll-call votes.

10,669Bills introduced
504Became law4.7% pass rate
1,896Roll-call votes
4.7% of bills introduced this congress have become law.
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress
Section 1

Member Rankings

The named winners and losers — workhorses, mavericks, and bipartisan builders.

The Workhorse Index

Members ranked by primary-sponsored bills.

  1. 1William H. Frist
    William H. Frist
    R·TNSENATE
    103bills
  2. 2Ben Nighthorse Campbell
    97bills
  3. 3Orrin G. Hatch
    Orrin G. Hatch
    R·UTSENATE
    91bills
  4. 4Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    91bills
  5. 5Jeff Bingaman
    Jeff Bingaman
    D·NMSENATE
    89bills
  1. 6Chuck Grassley
    Chuck Grassley
    R·IASENATE
    80bills
  2. 7John McCain
    John McCain
    R·AZSENATE
    77bills
  3. 8Barbara Boxer
    Barbara Boxer
    D·CASENATE
    72bills
  4. 9Hillary Rodham Clinton
    71bills
  5. 10Dianne Feinstein
    Dianne Feinstein
    D·CASENATE
    69bills
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Cosponsor Kings

Members who sign onto the most bills.

  1. 1Richard J. Durbin
    512cosponsorships
  2. 2Hillary Rodham Clinton
    450cosponsorships
  3. 3Frank R. Lautenberg
    448cosponsorships
  4. 4Patty Murray
    Patty Murray
    D·WASENATE
    420cosponsorships
  5. 5Edward M. Kennedy
    406cosponsorships
  1. 6Jon S. Corzine
    Jon S. Corzine
    D·NJSENATE
    384cosponsorships
  2. 7Charles E. Schumer
    383cosponsorships
  3. 8Mary L. Landrieu
    Mary L. Landrieu
    D·LASENATE
    371cosponsorships
  4. 9Thomas A. Daschle
    368cosponsorships
  5. 10Patrick J. Leahy
    Patrick J. Leahy
    D·VTSENATE
    365cosponsorships
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

The Maverick Meter

Members who vote against their party's majority position most often.

  1. 1Zell Miller
    Zell Miller
    D·GASENATE
    61%339 of 554
  2. 2Ben Nelson
    Ben Nelson
    D·NESENATE
    28%183 of 656
  3. 3John B. Breaux
    John B. Breaux
    D·LASENATE
    26%169 of 660
  4. 4Lincoln Chafee
    Lincoln Chafee
    R·RISENATE
    21%143 of 668
  5. 5Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    18%123 of 675
  1. 6Jeff Flake
    Jeff Flake
    R·AZSENATE
    18%214 of 1189
  2. 7Max Baucus
    Max Baucus
    D·MTSENATE
    17%115 of 658
  3. 8Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    16%108 of 675
  4. 9John McCain
    John McCain
    R·AZSENATE
    15%102 of 663
  5. 10Arlen Specter
    Arlen Specter
    D·PASENATE
    15%95 of 651
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Bipartisan Builders

Cosponsorships of bills sponsored by the opposite party.

  1. 1James M. Jeffords
    286cross-party cosponsorships
  2. 2Richard J. Durbin
    208cross-party cosponsorships
  3. 3Thomas A. Daschle
    193cross-party cosponsorships
  4. 4Zell Miller
    Zell Miller
    D·GASENATE
    185cross-party cosponsorships
  5. 5Mary L. Landrieu
    Mary L. Landrieu
    D·LASENATE
    179cross-party cosponsorships
  1. 6Joseph I. Lieberman
    169cross-party cosponsorships
  2. 7Patrick J. Leahy
    Patrick J. Leahy
    D·VTSENATE
    168cross-party cosponsorships
  3. 8Edward M. Kennedy
    164cross-party cosponsorships
  4. 9Patty Murray
    Patty Murray
    D·WASENATE
    163cross-party cosponsorships
  5. 10Hillary Rodham Clinton
    158cross-party cosponsorships
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Freshman Power Rankings

First-term members of the 108th Congress, ranked by composite activity.

  1. 1Raúl M. Grijalva
    Raúl M. Grijalva
    D·AZ-7HOUSE
    1,220composite score
  2. 2Chris Van Hollen
    Chris Van Hollen
    D·MD-8HOUSE
    717composite score
  3. 3Michael H. Michaud
    Michael H. Michaud
    D·ME-2HOUSE
    666composite score
  4. 4Rahm Emanuel
    Rahm Emanuel
    D·IL-5HOUSE
    609composite score
  5. 5Linda T. Sánchez
    Linda T. Sánchez
    D·CA-39HOUSE
    565composite score
  1. 6Tim Ryan
    Tim Ryan
    D·OH-17HOUSE
    562composite score
  2. 7Chris Bell
    Chris Bell
    D·TX-25HOUSE
    499composite score
  3. 8Timothy H. Bishop
    Timothy H. Bishop
    D·NY-1HOUSE
    488composite score
  4. 9Madeleine Z. Bordallo
    475composite score
  5. 10Dennis A. Cardoza
    Dennis A. Cardoza
    D·CA-18HOUSE
    453composite score
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Closest Re-elections

Members whose last election was decided by the smallest margins.

  1. 1Tim Johnson
    Tim Johnson
    D·SDSENATE
    0.16pt margin
  2. 2Norm Coleman
    Norm Coleman
    R·MNSENATE
    2.19pt margin
  3. 3Mary L. Landrieu
    Mary L. Landrieu
    D·LASENATE
    3.4pt margin
  4. 4John E. Sununu
    John E. Sununu
    R·NHSENATE
    4.42pt margin
  5. 5Wayne Allard
    Wayne Allard
    R·COSENATE
    4.93pt margin
  1. 6Saxby Chambliss
    Saxby Chambliss
    R·GASENATE
    6.84pt margin
  2. 7Mark L. Pryor
    Mark L. Pryor
    D·ARSENATE
    7.79pt margin
  3. 8Elizabeth Dole
    Elizabeth Dole
    R·NCSENATE
    8.61pt margin
  4. 9Frank R. Lautenberg
    9.93pt margin
  5. 10Lamar Alexander
    Lamar Alexander
    R·TNSENATE
    9.94pt margin
Show all (10)
108th Congress

Attendance Hall of Fame & Hall of Shame

Who showed up — and who didn't.

Hall of Fame · best 5

  1. 1Susan M. Collins
    Susan M. Collins
    R·MESENATE
    100.0%675 of 675
  2. 2Olympia J. Snowe
    Olympia J. Snowe
    R·MESENATE
    100.0%675 of 675
  3. 3Carl Levin
    Carl Levin
    D·MISENATE
    100.0%675 of 675
  4. 4Russell D. Feingold
    100.0%675 of 675
  5. 5Chuck Grassley
    Chuck Grassley
    R·IASENATE
    100.0%675 of 675
  1. 6Mike DeWine
    Mike DeWine
    R·OHSENATE
    99.9%675 of 676
  2. 7Tom Udall
    Tom Udall
    D·NMSENATE
    99.8%1221 of 1224
  3. 8George Allen
    George Allen
    R·VASENATE
    99.7%675 of 677
  4. 9Mark L. Pryor
    Mark L. Pryor
    D·ARSENATE
    99.7%675 of 677
  5. 10Debbie Stabenow
    Debbie Stabenow
    D·MISENATE
    99.7%675 of 677
Show all (10)

Hall of Shame · worst 5

  1. 1John F. Kerry
    John F. Kerry
    D·MASENATE
    58.0%488 of 1163 missed
  2. 2John Edwards
    John Edwards
    D·NCSENATE
    68.9%305 of 980 missed
  3. 3Joseph I. Lieberman
    71.9%264 of 939 missed
  4. 4Bob Graham
    Bob Graham
    D·FLSENATE
    79.9%170 of 845 missed
  5. 5Jim DeMint
    Jim DeMint
    R·SCSENATE
    79.9%307 of 1528 missed
  1. 6Zell Miller
    Zell Miller
    D·GASENATE
    84.8%121 of 796 missed
  2. 7Johnny Isakson
    Johnny Isakson
    R·GASENATE
    89.0%151 of 1372 missed
  3. 8Patrick J. Toomey
    89.7%140 of 1361 missed
  4. 9Daniel K. Inouye
    Daniel K. Inouye
    D·HISENATE
    91.1%66 of 741 missed
  5. 10Ben Nighthorse Campbell
    91.3%64 of 739 missed
Show all (10)
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress
Section 2

Bills Pulse

What Congress is working on, what makes it through, and what dies on the way.

The Mortality Funnel

Only 4.7% of bills introduced in the 108th Congress have become law (504 of 10,669).

Introduced
10,669
Saw action
10,669100%
Passed a chamber
2,06319%
Passed both chambers
1,37367%
Became law
50437%
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Time to Pass

Median time from introduction to enactment: 161 days.

< 30 days
67
30–90 days
84
90–180 days
121
180–365 days
133
1–2 years
99
2+ years
0
Range: 1 – 692 days · 504 enacted bills
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Policy Area Treemap

10,669 bills across 34 policy areas.

Bills by policy area in 108th Congress (2003-2005)
Commemorations1,223Taxation1,081Health1,011International Affairs719Armed Forces and National…658Public Lands and Natural …646Congress561Crime and Law Enforcement458Government Operations and…397Education348
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Most Active Bills (last 30 days)

The bills Congress keeps coming back to.

  • H.Res. 869

    Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that due to the allegations of fraud, mismanagement, and abuse within the United Nations oil-for-food program, Kofi Annan should resign from the position of Secretary General of the United Nations to help restore confidence that the investigations into those allegations are being fully and independently accomplished.

    92.5
    velocity
  • S. 2845

    Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004

    23
    velocity
  • H.R. 4548

    Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005

    20
    velocity
  • H.J.Res. 115

    Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2005, and for other purposes.

    20
    velocity
  • H.R. 1563

    To require engine coolant and antifreeze to contain a bittering agent so as to render it unpalatable.

    18
    velocity
  • H.R. 4116

    American Bald Eagle Recovery and National Emblem Commemorative Coin Act

    17
    velocity
  • H.R. 5394

    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the taxation of arrow components.

    16
    velocity
  • H.R. 5430

    Smarter Funding for all of America's Homeland Security Act of 2004

    15.5
    velocity
  • S. 2657

    Federal Employee Dental and Vision Benefits Enhancement Act of 2004

    15
    velocity
  • H.R. 4012

    A bill to amend the District of Columbia College Access Act of 1999 to reauthorize for 2 additional years the public school and private school tuition assistance programs established under the Act.

    15
    velocity
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Most Cosponsored Bills

Which bills built the biggest coalitions.

  • H.R. 303

    Retired Pay Restoration Act of 2003

    383
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 284

    Housing Bond and Credit Modernization and Fairness Act of 2003

    350
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 4881

    NASA and JPL 50th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act

    347
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 1231

    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow Federal civilian and military retirees to pay health insurance premiums on a pretax basis and to allow a deduction for TRICARE supplemental premiums.

    342
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 548

    Military Survivor Benefits Improvement Act of 2003

    339
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 3204

    Benjamin Franklin Commemorative Coin Act

    326
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 525

    To authorize the President to posthumously award a gold medal on behalf of the Congress to the seven members of the crew of the space shuttle Columbia in recognition of their outstanding and enduring contributions to the Nation.

    318
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 3277

    Marine Corps 230th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act

    313
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 3763

    Military Survivor Benefits Improvement Act of 2004

    308
    cosponsors
  • H.R. 2131

    To award a congressional gold medal to President Jose Maria Aznar of Spain.

    306
    cosponsors
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Bipartisan Magnet Bills

Bills with the most balanced D/R cosponsorship.

  • 1
    H.R. 1580

    Medicare Area Wage Index and Standardized Rate Act of 2003

    D31
    R31
    100
    balance
  • 2
    H.R. 1819

    Poison Control Center Enhancement and Awareness Act Amendments of 2003

    D31
    R31
    100
    balance
  • 3
    H.R. 4217

    To amend title 32, United States Code, to rename the National Guard Challenge Program as the National Guard Youth Challenge Program, to increase the maximum Federal share of the costs of State programs under the National Youth Guard Challenge Program, and for other purposes.

    D31
    R31
    100
    balance
  • 4
    H.R. 693

    Military Death Gratuity Improvement Act of 2003

    D28
    R28
    100
    balance
  • 5
    H.R. 3015

    National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Act of 2004

    D28
    R28
    100
    balance
  • 6
    H.R. 879

    Montgomery GI Bill Enhancement Act of 2003

    D25
    R25
    100
    balance
  • 7
    H.R. 3980

    National Windstorm Impact Reduction Act of 2004

    D22
    R22
    100
    balance
  • 8
    H.R. 2026

    SMART Research and Development Compact

    D20
    R20
    100
    balance
  • 9
    S. 121

    National AMBER Alert Network Act of 2003

    D19
    R19
    100
    balance
  • 10
    H.R. 4363

    Helping Hands for Homeownership Act of 2004

    D19
    R19
    100
    balance
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Chamber Composition

Party split for the 108th Congress at the start of the session (Jan 3).

house441
house party composition
  • Democrat210
  • Independent1
  • Republican230
senate100
senate party composition
  • Democrat48
  • Independent1
  • Republican51
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress
Section 3

Votes & Polarization

Roll-call patterns, partisan fault lines, and the moments Congress was nearly tied.

Closest Votes

Roll-call votes decided by the smallest margins.

  • 1

    On Agreeing to the Amendment

    house·H.R. 4754·Jul 8, 2004
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 210
    210 Nay
  • 2

    On the Motion (Motion To Waive CBA RE: Corzine Amdt. No. 3303)

    senate·Jun 23, 2004
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 49
    49 Nay
  • 3

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 3261 to S. 2400 (Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005)

    senate·Jun 3, 2004
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 48
    48 Nay
  • 4

    On Motion to Instruct Conferees

    house·S.Con.Res. 95·Mar 30, 2004
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 209
    209 Nay
  • 5

    Call of the House

    house·Jan 20, 2004
    0
    vote margin
  • 6

    On Agreeing to the Amendment

    house·H.R. 3289·Oct 17, 2003
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 213
    213 Nay
  • 7

    On the Motion (Motion To Waive CBA Dodd Amdt. No. 1597)

    senate·Sep 9, 2003
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 47
    47 Nay
  • 8

    On Agreeing to the Amendment

    house·H.R. 2765·Sep 5, 2003
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 203
    203 Nay
  • 9

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 1370 to H.R. 2555 (Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004)

    senate·Jul 24, 2003
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 48
    48 Nay
  • 10

    On the Amendment S.Amdt. 1383 to H.R. 2555 (Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004)

    senate·Jul 24, 2003
    0
    vote margin
    Yea 46
    46 Nay
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Committee Power Index

Committees ranked by bills referred and bills enacted.

Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Vote Type Breakdown

1,896 roll-call votes by category.

Votes by type in 108th Congress (2003-2005)
procedural746amendment593other196passage185confirmation106cloture27journal20adjournment19quorum3election1
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

VP Tie-Breakers

Times the Vice President cast the deciding vote in the Senate.

3
Tie-breaker votes
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress

Vote Activity Calendar

1,896 roll-call votes over 254 days.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan
SunTueThuSat
Source: Congress.gov108th Congress
Section 4

Find your Vote Twin

The headline interactive — answer 10 real votes, find the member who voted most like you.

Find your Vote Twin

Pick topics, answer 10 real votes, and we'll show you the member of Congress who voted most like you.